http://viewchange.org Videos from ViewChange.org en-us Fri, 28 Sep 2012 08:30:00 +0000 Copyright 2011 Link Media, Inc. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/half-the-sky-a-talk-with-nick-kristof New York Times reporter Nick Kristof has been covering gender and poverty issues for decades. His new documentary is called Half the Sky - Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, inspired by his widely acclaimed book of the same name. Speaking at the World Affairs Council in San Francisco, Nick talks about the value of investing in women across the globe. Fri, 28 Sep 2012 08:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/half-the-sky-a-talk-with-nick-kristof Half the Sky, Gender, Sheryl WuDunn, Nicholas D. Kristof, Women's rights, Education, Change Makers, South Asia, Latin America, Middle East New York Times reporter Nick Kristof has been covering gender and poverty issues for decades. His new documentary is called Half the Sky - Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, inspired by his widely acclaimed book of the same name. Speaking at the World Affairs Council in San Francisco, Nick talks about the value of investing in women across the globe. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/ted-jamie-drummond-lets-crowdsource-the-worlds-goals In 2000, the UN laid out 8 goals to make the world better by reducing poverty and disease -- with a deadline of 2015. As that deadline approaches, Jamie Drummond of ONE.org runs down the surprising successes of the 8 Millennium Development Goals, and suggests a crowdsourced reboot for the next 15 years. Wed, 18 Jul 2012 08:56:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/ted-jamie-drummond-lets-crowdsource-the-worlds-goals Millennium Development Goals, ONE Campaign, TED, Make Poverty History, Earth Summit, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Latin America, Antiretroviral drug, HIV >> TITLE: TED: Ideas Worth Spreading. >> TITLE: June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland. Recorded at TED Global. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: So let me start by taking you back, back into the mists of your memory to perhaps the most anticipated year in your life, but certainly the most anticipated year in all human history: the year 2000. Remember that? Y2K, the dotcom bubble, stressing about whose party you're going to go to as the clock strikes midnight, before the champagne goes flat, and then there's that inchoate yearning that was felt, I think, by many, that the millennium, that the year 2000, should mean more, more than just a two and some zeroes. Well, amazingly, for once, our world leaders actually lived up to that millennium moment and back in 2000 agreed to some pretty extraordinary stuff: visionary, measurable, long-term targets called the Millennium Development Goals. Now, I'm sure you all keep a copy of the goals under your pillow, or by the bedside table, but just in case you don't, and your memory needs some jogging, the deal agreed then goes like this: developing countries promised to at least halve extreme poverty, hunger and deaths from disease, alongside some other targets, by 2015, and developed nations promised to help them get that done by dropping debts, increasing smart aid, and trade reform. Well, we're approaching 2015, so we'd better assess, how are we doing on these goals? But we've also got to decide, do we like such global goals? Some people don't. And if we like them, we've got to decide what we want to do on these goals going forward. What does the world want to do together? We've got to decide a process by which we decide. Well, I definitely think these goals are worth building on and seeing through, and here's just a few reasons why. Incredible partnerships between the private sector, political leaders, philanthropists and amazing grassroots activists across the developing world, but also 250,000 people marched in the streets of Edinburgh outside this very building for Make Poverty History. All together, they achieved these results: increased the number of people on anti-retrovirals, life-saving anti-AIDS drugs; nearly halved deaths from malaria; vaccinated so many that 5.4 million lives will be saved. And combined, this is going to result in two million fewer children dying every year, last year, than in the year 2000. That's 5,000 fewer kids dying every day, ten times you lot not dead every day, because of all of these partnerships. So I think this is amazing living proof of progress that more people should know about, but the challenge of communicating this kind of good news is probably the subject of a different TEDTalk. Anyway, for now, anyone involved in getting these results, thank you. I think this proved these goals are worth it. But there's still a lot of unfinished business. Still, 7.6 million children die every year of preventable, treatable diseases, and 178 million kids are malnourished to the point of stunting, a horrible term which means physical and cognitive lifelong impairment. So there's plainly a lot more to do on the goals we've got. But then, a lot of people think there are things that should have been in the original package that weren't agreed back then that should now be included, like sustainable development targets, natural resource governance targets, access to opportunity, to knowledge, equity, fighting corruption. All of this is measurable and could be in the new goals. But the key thing here is, what do you think should be in the new goals? What do you want? Are you annoyed that I didn't talk about gender equality or education? Should those be in the new package of goals? And quite frankly, that's a good question, but there's going to be some tough tradeoffs and choices here, so you want to hope that the process by which the world decides these new goals is going to be legitimate, right? Well, as we gather here in Edinburgh, technocrats appointed by the U.N. and certain governments, with the best intentions, are busying themselves designing a new package of goals, and currently they're doing that through pretty much the same old late-20th-century, top-down, elite, closed process. But, of course, since then, the Web and mobile telephony, along with ubiquitous reality TV formats have spread all around the world. So what we'd like to propose is that we use them to involve people from all around the world in an historic first: the world's first truly global poll and consultation, where everyone everywhere has an equal voice for the very first time. I mean, wouldn't it be a huge historic missed opportunity not to do this, given that we can? There's hundreds of billions of your aid dollars at stake, tens of millions of lives, or deaths, at stake, and, I'd argue, the security and future of you and your family is also at stake. So, if you're with me, I'd say there's three essential steps in this crowdsourcing campaign: collecting, connecting and committing. So first of all, we've got to ground this campaign in core polling data. Let's go into every country that will let us in, ask 1,001 people what they want the new goals to be, making special efforts to reach the poorest, those without access to modern technology, and let's make sure that their views are at the center of the goals going forward. Then, we've got to commission a baseline survey to make sure we can monitor and progress the goals going forward. The original goals didn't really have good baseline survey data, and we're going to need the help of big data through all of this process to make sure we can really monitor the progress. And then we've got to connect with the big crowd. Now here, we see the role for an unprecedented coalition of social media giants and upstarts, telecoms companies, reality TV show formats, gaming companies, telecoms, all of them together in kind of their "We Are The World" moment. Could they come together and help the Millennium Development Goals get rebranded into the Millennial Generation's Goals? And if just five percent of the five billion plus who are currently connected made a comment, and that comment turned into a commitment, we could crowdsource a force of 300 million people around the world to help see these goals through. If we have this collected data, and this connected crowd, based upon our experience of campaigning and getting world leaders to commit, I think world leaders will commit to most of the crowdsourced recommendations. But the question really is, through this process will we all have become committed? And if we are, are we ready to iterate, monitor and provide feedback, make sure these promises are really delivering results? Well, there's some fantastic examples here to scale up, mostly piloted within Africa, actually. There's Open Data Kenya, which geocodes and crowdsources information about where projects are, are they delivering results. Often, they're not in the right place. And Ushahidi, which means "witness" in Swahili, which geocodes and crowdsources information in complex emergencies to help target responses. This is some of the most exciting stuff in development and democracy, where citizens on the edge of a network are helping to force open the process to make sure that the big global aid promises and vague stuff up at the top really delivers for people at a grassroots level and inverts that pyramid. This openness, this forcing openness, is key, and if it wasn't entirely transparent already, I should be open: I've got a completely transparent agenda. Long-term trends suggest that this century is going to be a tough place to live, with population increases, consumption patterns increasing, and conflict over scarce natural resources. And look at the state of global politics today. Look at the Rio Earth Summit that happened just last week, or the Mexican G20, also last week. Both, if we're honest, a bust. Our world leaders, our global politics, currently can't get it done. They need our help. They need the cavalry, and the cavalry's not going to come from Mars. It's got to come from us, and I see this process of deciding democratically in a bottom-up fashion what the world wants to work on together as one vital means by which we can crowdsource the force to really build that constituency that's going to reinvigorate global governance in the 21st century. I started in 2000. Let me finish in 2030. Many people made fun of a big campaign a few years ago we had called Make Poverty History. It was a naive thought in many people's minds, and it's true, it was just a t-shirt slogan that worked for the moment. But look. The empirical condition of living under a dollar and 25 is trending down, and look where it gets to by 2030. It's getting near zero. Now sure, progress in China and India and poverty reduction there was key to that, but recently also in Africa, poverty rates are being reduced. It will get harder as we get towards zero, as the poor will be increasingly located in post-conflict, fragile states, or maybe in middle income states where they don't really care about the marginalized. But I'm confident, with the right kind of political campaigning and creative and technological innovation combined working together more and more as one, I think we can get this and other goals done. Thank you. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: Jamie, here's the puzzle to me. If there was an incident today where a hundred kids died in some tragedy or where, say, a hundred kids were kidnapped and then rescued by special forces, I mean, it would be all over the news for a week, right? You just put up, just as one of your numbers there, that 5,000 -- is that the number? >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: Fewer children every day. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: Five thousand fewer children dying every day. I mean, it dwarfs, dwarfs everything that is actually on our news agenda, and it's invisible. This must drive you crazy. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: It does, and we're having a huge debate in this country about aid levels, for example, and aid alone is not the whole solution. Nobody thinks it is. But, you know, if people saw the results of this smart aid, I mean, they'd be going crazy for it. I wish the 250,000 people who really did march outside this very building knew these results. Right now they don't, and it would be great to find a way to better communicate it, because we have not. Creatively, we've failed to communicate this success so far. If those kinds of efforts just could multiply their voice and amplify it at the key moments, I know for a fact we'd get better policy. The Mexican G20 need not have been a bust. Rio, if anyone cares about the environment, need not have been a bust, okay? But these conferences are going on, and I know people get skeptical and cynical about the big global summits and the promises and their never being kept, but actually, the bits that are, are making a difference, and what the politicians need is more permission from the public. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: But you haven't fully worked out the Web mechanisms, etc. by which this might happen. I mean, if the people here who've had experience using open platforms, you're interested to talk with them this week and try to take this forward. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: Absolutely. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: All right, well I must say, if this conference led in some way to advancing that idea, that's a huge idea, and if you carry that forward, that is really awesome, so thank you. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: I'd love your help. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: Thank you, thank you. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-using-larvicide-to-prevent-malaria As more people use bed nets to combat malaria, mosquitoes are adapting, making identifying and disrupting their breeding sites crucial. A Tanzanian pilot study led by Dr. Nicodem Govella is testing how effective larvicide is in reducing malaria in a large city. Wed, 13 Jun 2012 10:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-using-larvicide-to-prevent-malaria Malaria, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Mosquito net, Mosquito, Larvicide, Larva, Health, Sub-Saharan Africa, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine >> VOICEOVER: One of the best ways to protect the most vulnerable people from malaria is a bed net. They're highly effective because malaria-carrying mosquitoes usually bite at night. But mosquitoes are adapting to survive. Their behavior is changing.>> DR. HILARY RANSON [Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK]: Bed nets work very well at tackling mosquitoes that feed indoors at night, but as more and more people use bed nets, the mosquitoes start biting earlier and biting outside. So attacking the larva or the immature stage of the mosquitoes is a good complement to using bed nets.>> VOICEOVER: It's not just mosquitoes that are adapting. Africans are moving to cities in large numbers. So identifying and disrupting mosquito breeding sites makes sense.>> DR. HILARY RANSON: In an urban setting, it's easier to identify those bodies of water where the mosquitoes lay their eggs, and to target those. In rural areas, they're just too numerous and dispersed, but in a city, it's feasible to identify the major breeding sites, and apply insecticide to kill the immature mosquitoes.>> VOICEOVER: A pilot study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, led by Dr. Nicodem Govella, is testing how effective larvicide is in reducing malaria in a large city.>> DR. NICODEM GOVELLA [Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania]: We target the larvae because the egg doesn't eat anything, the pupa doesn't eat anything and the adult mosquito targets our blood. The larvae ingest this larvicide, they get poisoned, and then die. >> VOICEOVER: The only way to find out if the mosquito larvae are being killed is to see if the number of adults has fallen.>> DR. NICODEM GOVELLA: This is not a safari tent, but a technology for monitoring mosquito densities.>> VOICEOVER: These six funnel-shaped entrances tilt upwards. Mosquitoes can enter easily, but getting out is much harder.>> DR. NICODEM GOVELLA: In order for the trap to work, you need bait, and the bait we use is the human being. Okay, so a person is supposed to sleep inside here and act as an attractant to mosquitoes. A person sleep until the morning, when he wake up and starts emptying all the mosquitoes trapped in the chambers.>> VOICEOVER: The results show that in the six wards of Dar es Salaam where larviciding took place, the density of adult mosquitoes fell by 57 percent. So it appears to be effective, but it's not cheap.>> DR. HILARY RANSON: It's very labor intensive to identify all the breeding sites and to apply insecticides. One of the projects that we're involved with in Dar es Salaam is to try and see whether it's necessary to apply the insecticide to every breeding site, or whether you can have again more or less the same level of control by just targeting the most productive sites. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-innovative-hospital-design-driving-improved-care-in-rwanda Within the rolling hills of Burera district in Rwanda lies a revolutionary new hospital. Dr. Peter Drobac, the driving force behind Butaro Hospital's innovative but affordable design, gives a tour of the hospital and its features. Wed, 13 Jun 2012 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-innovative-hospital-design-driving-improved-care-in-rwanda Rwanda, Health, Partners In Health, Hospital, Health care provider, Healthcare, Patient, Burera District, Africa, Medicine >> VOICEOVER: The rolling hills of Burera district in Rwanda, a picturesque backdrop for a revolutionary new hospital. Its designers believe it proves high-quality healthcare can be provided in even the poorest countries. Before, a single doctor struggled to care for 350,000 people in this area. Now, this one hundred and fifty bed hospital has eleven of them. Dr. Peter Drobac was the driving force behind Butaro Hospital's innovative but affordable design.>> DR. PETER DROBAC [Director, Partners in Health, Rwanda]: So this is the pediatrics ward. It's a typical ward here in the hospital, and it's in fact our busiest ward. And Rwanda, like a lot of other African countries, suffers from a health worker shortage. The ratio of doctors and nurses to patients is not as high as we're accustomed to in the US and in England, and as a result, it's even more important that the nurses can keep their eyes on all of the patients at all times. And so from here, the nurse can see all of the patients down on this side, and all of the patients down on the other side as well.>> VOICEOVER: Infection control is a problem in all hospitals. Here, high ceilings and permanently open, louvered windows create cheap, effective ventilation.>> PETER DROBAC: Because heat naturally rises, the air moves up, along with the heat, and out of those non-operable windows. And that effect is accentuated by large four-meter diameter fans. Twelve times every hour, 100 percent of the air inside of this room is totally turned over and refreshed, and that's sort of the magic number to ensure that the risk of an airborne infection like tuberculosis is really minimized.>> VOICEOVER: Other weapons in the fight against infection include anti-germicidal ultraviolet lights and easy to clean floors.>> PETER DROBAC: The floors are made of an epoxy resin material. We think it's important because this type of material is chemically resistant, it's smooth, and it's easy to sterilize. So we think that this type of flooring material is replicable and represents a big advance.>> VOICEOVER: Another design innovation is this central conduit wall. Oxygen and electricity supplies for medical equipment are right beside the patients. And it allows them to look out at the wonderful views.>> PETER DROBAC: The large windows on this side of the ward not only allow a lot of natural light into the ward, but also for patients lying in bed, they can enjoy a really stunning view of the mountain valleys. There's actually substantial evidence that a tranquil environment that promotes a healthy state of mind actually promotes healing of the body as well.>> VOICEOVER: Every aspect of the design is about serving local needs. The community gained financially because the hospital was built by them. But the fact that the hospital was built for them has been even more enriching. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-revolutionizing-prenatal-care-in-developing-countries Health Show host Dr. Ayan Panja interviews Professor John Wyatt, inventor of a fetal heart rate monitor that is powered by a hand crank and can be used in contexts where electricity is unavailable. Wed, 13 Jun 2012 08:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-revolutionizing-prenatal-care-in-developing-countries Developing country, Prenatal care, Maternal health, Neonatology, Health, Africa, Medical ultrasonography, Infant, University College London, Mains electricity >> DR. AYAN PANJA: Pregnancy always involves some risk. But it can be much more dangerous in certain places. In the least well-off parts of the world, mothers are over forty times more likely to die, compared with mothers in Europe or America. And the risks for their babies are just as worrying. Professor John Wyatt is here with us. What's your concern here?>> PROF. JOHN WYATT [Neonatologist, University College London]: Childbirth is always a dangerous time for the baby, but it's particularly so in low-resource countries across the world. Up to a million babies a year die, particularly because of a shortage of oxygen and other problems during the process of delivery. One of the most important things is to be able to measure the baby's heart rate during labor. And in the West, this is done using handheld devices that use Doppler ultrasound, and which are usually either mains powered, or use replacement batteries. The problem is that in low-resource countries, often it just isn't possible to have a reliable mains supply, and often replacement batteries are not available.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: So what have you come up with?>> PROF. JOHN WYATT: Well, the idea is to use the same kind of principle that's used in wind-up radios to generate electricity actually for this medical equipment. And so by winding, simply by winding, we generate electricity, enough to be able to then take a measurement using this Doppler ultrasound probe, which can then listen to the baby's heart.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Fantastic. Do you mind if I have a go? We've got a patient here, so. Thank you very much; I'm looking forward to using this. Hi. Nice to meet you, I'm Ayan.>> CLAIRE: I'm Claire.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Claire, thank you for coming in. Do you mind if I have a listen in?>> CLAIRE: Yeah, sure.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: That'd be brilliant. How many weeks are you?>> CLAIRE: 28.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: 28. Fantastic. First baby?>> CLAIRE: Yes.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: We'll just wind this up. Brilliant, green light's on, so that should work. Just pump a little bit of gel on there. Lovely. All right. Switch it on. Sounds like a pretty strong heartbeat to me. Perfect. Thank you very much. That was brilliant. Good luck.>> CLAIRE: Thanks.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: So that was exactly like the probe that I use in my own surgery. Very, very good, it works really well. What have other health workers said about this?>> PROF. JOHN WYATT: Well, we've done this trial among some health workers, particularly in southern Africa, and so far I've had very positive responses. Midwives in particular have been very positive about this, and in one clinic where this was being used, the midwives were very reluctant to hand it back because it was such a useful piece of kit, and they preferred it compared to the battery operated devices that they had.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Professor Wyatt, thank you very much. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-virtual-pathology Thanks to a special camera and the Internet, Dr. Lan Huong from Ho Chi Minh City can send pictures of bacteria samples to experts in Amsterdam for analysis, the beginning of a collaborative online community of hospitals around the world. Tue, 12 Jun 2012 11:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-virtual-pathology Vietnam, Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Ho Chi Minh City, Fever, Bacteria, Netherlands, Rockhopper, The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: Bacteria are all around us.>> DR. LAN HUONG [Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam]: So this is a human culture of a woman, admitted to the ICU of Hospital for Tropical Diseases, and the woman is 45 years old and when admitted has a very high fever.>> VOICEOVER: At the Academic Medical Center, here in Amsterdam, they're doing a lab round. But the lab is in Vietnam. A special camera has been developed which can take high-resolution photographs of samples of bacteria. Doctor Lan Huong, at the Vietnamese Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, is sending pictures from her patients to the Dutch experts. And they can discuss the cases over a video link.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER [AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands]: It seems quite obvious to take pictures of bacterial plates and discuss these pictures. No one's done it, at least not in this way. This is a way to collaborate, to interact with people on the other side of the world.>> VOICEOVER: The Vietnamese patient is in intensive care with a very high fever. Her brain became inflamed after she ate a raw snail, and now she has a bacterial infection as well.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER: And she has a catheter hasn't she? A urinary catheter?>> DR. LAN HUONG: Yes.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER: In these kinds of patients at mixed cultures...>> VOICEOVER: The Dutch doctors are happy to share their expertise. And they benefit, too, by seeing a wide range of bacterial cultures from a tropical country.>> DR. LAN HUONG: So your advice is to look at the leukocytes in the urine and take a blood culture.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER: Yes.>> DR. LAN HUONG: Wonderful.>> VOICEOVER: Thanks to their camera, the doctors in Vietnam are learning from the Dutch specialists, while helping their patients at the same time.>> DR. LAN HUONG: You only need a good internet line, and you have a camera, which is very handy, sitting next to me, quite small. It's really wonderful to us, because it help us to improve immediately our microbiology aspect.>> VOICEOVER: Dutch patients benefit, too. Every bacterial sample taken here in Amsterdam is now recorded using digital imaging. Technicians can compare and diagnose samples at the click of a button. The images are also stored for training purposes. But this is just the first step. They hope to create an online community of hospitals from around the world, able to consult and exchange information at any time.>> PROFESSOR MENNO DE JONG [AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands]: To expand, you need a web portal. So if you have a question about a certain culture, you can post it on that web portal, using the same camera, the same quality of pictures. For instance there may be a question about this particular colony on this particular culture plate, you can add a comment and leave it in the website. So this will also be a tool where different laboratories around the world, which have this camera inside their laboratory, can interact.>> VOICEOVER: All a hospital needs to take part is the special camera and Internet access. In the meantime, the Vietnamese Hospital for Tropical Diseases is already seeing the benefits.>> DR. LAN HUONG: So it's really great to communicate from Asia to Europe, and we can speak and talk and share pictures. And I really, really hope that the other hospitals can receive the benefit of the program. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-reversing-the-medical-brain-drain It wasn't easy for Dr. Ayodyha Wataliyadda to leave her family in Sri Lanka. But thanks to an initiative of the British and Sri Lankan governments, she is able to gain valuable work experience in the UK while eventually returning to practice medicine in her home country. Tue, 12 Jun 2012 10:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-reversing-the-medical-brain-drain Sri Lanka, Brain drain, Health, Physician, NHS trust, Senior registrar, Pediatrics, Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom, Northern England >> TITLE: Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, Northern England>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA [Senior Registrar, Pediatrics]: That was my daughter. And she's 5 years old, about to start school next year.>> VOICEOVER: It wasn't easy for Dr. Ayodyha to leave her family in Sri Lanka to come and work in Yorkshire in northern England.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: I was working as a medical officer in field of pediatrics, as a senior house officer, then a registrar, and then I wanted to specialize in pediatrics so I have been working in the field of pediatrics for about seven or eight years.>> VOICEOVER: Ayodyha was supported to come to the UK by the Foreign Placement Coordination Center, backed by the Sri Lankan government. In return, she signed an agreement that for every year spent in the UK, she will work for at least four years back in her home country. If this doesn't happen, she will have to pay a substantial penalty.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: It's basically an essential requirement back in my country to get one or two years of foreign experience.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Can I just have a look at your leg please? Okay, there we go.>> VOICEOVER: Five-year-old Matthew fractured his leg falling off his bicycle.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Does it hurt? Can you just move your toes a little bit for me? All right. That's brilliant.>> VOICEOVER: Ayodyha also works with premature babies.>> DR. SAL UKA [Consultant, Huddersfield and Calderdale NHS Trust, UK]: At registrar level we're talking about a senior doctor who out of hours in particular would be the most senior pediatrician on site so they do need to be able to demonstrate confidence and competence in managing pediatric emergencies in particular, but also managing newborn emergencies as well. >> VOICEOVER: Ayodhya is putting her years of experience into practice. But she is also learning new skills.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Back in my country, the gestational age that we start to resuscitate a baby is after 28 weeks after gestation, but here we take in 24 weeks onwards babies.>> VOICEOVER: This baby girl, born seven weeks early, is suffering from low blood sugar and anemia. The treatment is quite straightforward, but there are certain skills that Ayodyha can only learn in the UK.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: We lack resources there. Mainly some investigations, some equipment, and even the trained skilled people, we lack there. But here in the UK, I have seen a very well organized structure and things are in abundance.>> VOICEOVER: Only four months into her post, Ayodyha is settling in well.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Usually we get the weekend off, so I manage to go to a few places around Yorkshire. I am settling in okay. I'm settling in very well, actually. I have almost fallen in love with West Yorkshire.>> VOICEOVER: Sri Lanka has a shortage of medical specialists, but this scheme means that they will benefit from highly trained doctors who are more than willing to use the experience gained to help improve the health services in their home country.>> DR. NICK BEECHING [Royal College of Physicians, UK]: I think the benefits are enormous and they go both ways. For Sri Lankans, they know that they're coming to previously approved jobs, their proper training posts, and that they'll be properly looked after when they get here. From the government point of view in Sri Lanka, they know they're going to get their graduates back. They're very expensive to produce, the old brain drain can't happen because they have a limited period here.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: It's not that we are going to stay here forever. We'll be gaining the experience, gaining the knowledge. At the same time we'll be doing a service to the NHS as well. So I have a duty to go back. It's my country, so I'll be going back in two years' time. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-fighting-malnutrition-with-ancient-seeds Food prices have recently skyrocketed in the western highlands of Guatemala, and chronic malnutrition is stunting the development of children both physically and mentally. However, indigenous plants once common to the area may hold a solution. Tue, 12 Jun 2012 09:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-fighting-malnutrition-with-ancient-seeds Guatemala, Agriculture & Food, Malnutrition, Neural development, Food security, Child development, Nutrition, Essential nutrient, Rockhopper, The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: In the western highlands of Guatemala, a silent disease is rife. Chronic malnutrition is stunting the development of children -- both their bodies and their minds. Maria Leonor and her extended family are not getting enough to eat. Most children in this house are malnourished. Higher food prices, partly due to the changing climate, results in a limited and monotonous diet of maize and beans.>> MARIA LEONOR: Everything is too expensive. The price of maize is going up and up, every day. We just eat tortillas and beans, nothing else. We can't afford to eat any other food.>> VOICEOVER: The problem is not a shortage of calories. What's missing are essential vitamins and minerals vital for these children's development. The damage done during these critical early years can never be repaired.>> DR. CARLOS ARRIOLA [Director, Bethania Clinic, Guatemala]: The lack of proper nutrition is limiting their intellectual development. It doesn't only affect their physical growth, but their brain development as well. This is a life sentence, not just for the children, but also for the country.>> VOICEOVER: Maria Leonor's thirteenth child, four-year-old Debora, is lethargic. It's a classic sign of chronic malnutrition. Her grandchild Elsa has a stomach infection, another common sign. Her daughter-in-law is desperate.>> MARIA NATIVIDAD: I am worried. I fear he is going to die. He has malnutrition. He has been like this for three months. There is nothing I can do.>> VOICEOVER: A previous food crisis prompted Sister Juana to take action. She's encouraging families to create their own kitchen gardens. Sister Juana distributes seeds to the rural communities where malnutrition hits hardest. Juana brings seeds of indigenous plants, which are resilient and highly nutritious. Popular with local people's ancestors, they slowly disappeared over the years. These tomatoes are high in vitamin C.>> SISTER JUANA [Nutrition Expert, Bethania Clinic, Guatemala]: This is the only kind of tomato that our ancestors grew. It is very nutritious. Children should learn to eat it from an early age.>> VOICEOVER: Dora has been working hard in her kitchen garden. With Juana's help, she has brought a wide variety of vegetables back to life. Chatate is a nutritious herb high in vitamin A.>> SISTER JUANA: In the past, all the gardens had chatate; it's a strong plant. It doesn't need much water; it will survive the dry season. >> VOICEOVER: Today, Juana is teaching Dora how to cook the herb Hierba mora.>> SISTER JUANA: You can mix these herbs with scrambled eggs, and you can add some onions when they're in season.>> VOICEOVER: The new dish is ready and about to face its most important test: Dora's children.>> DORA: I feel happy and proud, because I now have my own vegetables. My children haven't fallen ill; they haven't even had a fever. They are doing just fine. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-pure-water-in-two-minutes The Health Show interviews Timothy Whitehead, the inventor of a water bottle that makes water safe to drink in two minutes using a filter and UV light. Tue, 12 Jun 2012 08:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-pure-water-in-two-minutes Water & Sanitation, Sub-Saharan Africa, Water security, Water supply, Water, Portable water purification, Ultraviolet, United Kingdom, Ayan Panja, Purified water >> DR. AYAN PANJA: Nearly nine hundred million people around the world don't have access to safe drinking water. It's a huge problem, not just for local people, but travelers. It's an issue that's been worrying Timothy Whitehead, who's with me now. Tim, how did you become concerned about this?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD [Inventor, Pure Water Technology]: I was traveling in Zambia a couple of years ago, and I just saw there's so little water there. People relied on chlorine and iodine tablets to sterilize water, which takes a long time, and it just tastes horrible. So I thought there must be a better solution.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: And you've come up with a device to tackle this, haven't you.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: I have, yes. I designed a water bottle -- this is part of my degree project -- which filters and sterilizes water within two minutes. >> DR. AYAN PANJA: Wow, should we have a look at how it works?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Yeah. So it's got two chambers, an outer one and an inner one, and we first fill up the outer one from our lake, stream, or dirty puddle.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Yes.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: And let's just say it's a bit of a dirty lake, so put some soil in it.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Yeah, looks like lake water to me, yeah, for sure.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: And then just like a cafeteria, you take the inner chamber, and you plunge it down, and the filter at the bottom will get rid of all the sediment and yuck from the water, so it becomes clear.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Oh yes, fantastic. And what about the bacteria that are left there, what happens to that?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: So then we've got a UV bulb, I don't know if you can see that, suspended in the middle.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Oh yes.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: And that sterilizes the water. So there we have the bulb.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Yeah, you can see it lighting up there. And you do this for how long?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: This is for ninety seconds. The UV light disrupts the DNA of the viruses or bacteria in the water, and that renders them harmless, so they're safe for us to drink. There, and I think that's just about ninety seconds.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Brilliant. Should we give it a go?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Yeah, do you want to...?>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Excellent. Yeah, let's have a taste. I'm intrigued. I'll take a sip after you take a sip. Excellent. Cheers.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Cheers.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: It's pretty drinkable, actually. It's no different from what comes out of the tap, really. And who do you think is going to use this, in the main?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: I think it's primarily for disaster scenarios, tsunamis or anything where there's lots of water around, but you just can't drink it. And with this, you could just filter and sterilize it within two minutes and it'd be safe to drink.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Fantastic. And have you had it tested scientifically for effectiveness?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Yes. I'd carried out tests at Loughborough University, looking at the combination filter and the ultraviolet light, and we did e.coli bacterial tests, and it sterilized 99.9 percent of known viruses and bacteria. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-container-hospital Jermain Romeize is suffering complications during childbirth in post-earthquake Haiti. Fortunately, she is being looked after in a maternity hospital, which was built entirely out of shipping containers as a rapid response to the earthquake. Mon, 11 Jun 2012 08:04:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-container-hospital Health, Haiti, Médecins Sans Frontières, Maternal health, Hospital, Maternal death, Hypertension, Blood bank, Cold chain, Head of Mission >> VOICEOVER: Jermain Romeize has been in labor for six hours. She has preeclampsia -- high blood pressure, dangerous for both mother and baby. >> DOCTOR: Breathe, breathe. Now push, push. >> JERMAIN ROMEIZE: Wow, mercy, mercy. >> VOICEOVER: Fortunately, she safely delivers a healthy baby boy: Stanley. Giving birth in Haiti is risky. It has the highest maternal mortality rate in the Western Hemisphere. Skilled medics supervise only a quarter of births. But Jermain and her baby are lucky. She's being looked after in a specialist maternity hospital. It's built entirely out of shipping containers. It was created as a rapid response to the devastation caused by the earthquake, which put many health centers out of action. >> SYLVAIN GROULX [Head of Mission, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Haiti]: There was a need; the hospital in which we were in prior to the earthquake, unfortunately the structure was no longer safe. >> VOICEOVER: This one hundred and twenty bed facility is one of four container hospitals built by Medecins Sans Frontieres in Haiti for local doctors and nurses. A container hospital like this can be set up in five or six months. >> SYLVAIN GROULX: All of the electrical furnishings that you see, the air conditioning units for example, all of the plumbing as well, this all came as part of the package. >> VOICEOVER: These services create safe, hygienic workspaces for the Haitian staff. >> SYLVAIN GROULX: It's very, very important for us to have proper working conditions for our lab techs. It has cold chain, so fridges, and freezers, for example here we have our blood bank. >> VOICEOVER: The hospital specializes in caring for mothers whose lives, or those of their babies, are in danger. This woman has complications in her pregnancy, so her baby is being carefully monitored using ultrasound. >> NURSE: Your baby is normal. He looks okay on the scan. When he is born, we'll have to take him for tests, to check that he doesn't have any respiratory problems. >> VOICEOVER: Over three hundred babies are born here every month. Many of them are small and weak, so this neonatal ward is designed to give them the special care they need. >> SYLVAIN GROULX: These children are all born premature. They really need intensive care 24 hours a day. >> VOICEOVER: Basic incubators have replaced the more sophisticated ones that were lost in the earthquake. Life remains extremely challenging in Haiti. But for today at least, Jermain is able to just enjoy her first moments with her baby. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-2 The USNS Comfort is a hospital ship bringing medical relief and surgical care to local communities in Central America. Seventy-four-year-old Juana Mejia is on the ship to undergo surgery for the removal of her cataracts. Mon, 04 Jun 2012 09:40:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-2 Latin America, Cataract, USNS Comfort (T-AH-20), Guatemala, Health, Hospital ship, Lens (anatomy), Surgery, United States Navy, Rockhopper >> VOICEOVER: At 74, Juana Mejia has several health problems. But one particularly worries her. >> JUANA MEJIA: I can't see with this eye. I only see shadows during the day. >> VOICEOVER: Juana has cataracts. She needs surgery, but like many people here in Guatemala, she can't afford it. This health mission, run by the US Navy, is on a ten-day visit. They're working out who can benefit from their advanced medical skills, which are in short supply here. After the initial assessment, Juana and other patients are transferred to this floating hospital for treatment. The USNS Comfort is a military hospital ship that has been deployed to Latin America on a five-month humanitarian mission. Juana is now on board getting ready for surgery. US Navy doctors and nurses run the ship. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU [Ophthalmologist, US Navy]: The main procedure that we've been doing throughout our mission here are cataracts. >> VOICEOVER: A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye, which gradually blocks vision, making it difficult to focus. They usually develop over a long period. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: In developed countries, people tend to notice this change in their vision a lot sooner because we use our eyes all the time to read, for the computer, to go shopping. But out in these rural areas it's more difficult for people; so these cataracts are much more mature. >> VOICEOVER: Mature cataracts are common in poorer countries. Removing them depends less on advanced technology than on the surgeon's skill. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: We're using a technique that was developed in India for people who have waited so long for their surgeries that the modern type of procedure would just be disastrous. >> VOICEOVER: Juana's operation has started. We'll be showing it in some detail. Surgeons open up the capsule that contains the cataract. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: We can create some space between the cataract and the capsule itself and fish it out of the eye. There it is, that is the cataract. >> VOICEOVER: The cataract pops out. It is almost one centimeter long. It's this thick, dark build-up that was blocking Juana's sight. A permanent plastic lens is now implanted in her eye to restore her vision. A few stitches and it's over. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: We're almost done. >> VOICEOVER: This surgery takes less than an hour. The team will conduct over 300 cataract surgeries during this mission. Next morning, Dr. Chou checks Juana's progress. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: Relax both eyes for me. Okay. We're just going to test your vision now. >> JUANA MEJIA: I can see the things over there. The bed, something green, and something white. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: Very good. This is a patch that I want you to use to protect your eyes. >> VOICEOVER: Procedures like this could improve the sight of millions. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-sms-for-life SMS for Life is a pilot program in Tanzania that uses mobile phones and text messages to keep track the amount of malaria drugs in different areas, preventing stocks of malaria drugs from running out at critical times. Mon, 04 Jun 2012 08:40:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-sms-for-life Tanzania, Malaria, Mobile phone, Artemether/lumefantrine, Kibaha, SMS, African people, Antimalarial medication, Community Health Center, World Health Organization >> VOICEOVER: Malaria kills 800,000 Africans every year. Eighty-five percent of them are children under five. Malaria patients at African health centers, like this one in Mlandizi, Tanzania, need drugs known as Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies, or ACTs. They can wipe out Malaria parasites in just a few days. >> DANIEL CRAPPER [Population Services International, Tanzania]: Artemisinin Combined Therapies are making a huge impact, not just on saving individual children, but also helping prevent the transmission of the disease. >> VOICEOVER: But drugs like Coartem, the first ACT approved by the World Health Organization, are not always available. In Tanzania, incoming drugs start their journey here, at the central medical stores. Lorries then take them to regional stores, and on to district and local health centers. But the system often breaks down. >> DR. MAIMUNA YUSEF [Mlandizi Health Center, Tanzania]: It was so difficult. So far in the last two years we didn't have Coartem at all. It's true. >> VOICEOVER: A new approach is being piloted here in Tanzania, which could prevent stocks of drugs running out. It's called SMS for Life. It uses the most reliable method of communication in Africa -- mobile phones and text messages. >> DANIEL CRAPPER: SMS for Life is simply a management information system. It sheds light onto the availability of essential life-saving drugs. It gives you a picture of where drugs are, and more importantly, where they are not. >> VOICEOVER: Dr. William Mwaga is the man responsible for knowing exactly where all the drugs are in Kibaha district. Every Thursday, he sends a text message asking all his specially trained community health officers to tell him how many malaria drugs they have. >> DR. WILLIAM MWAGA [District Malaria Officer, Kibaha, Tanzania]: The situation before this program was very poor. We didn't know the status of malaria drugs until the end of the quarter. But now, we know the status of the malaria drugs every week. >> VOICEOVER: The answers come quickly. There's an incentive. Health officers who respond within 24 hours receive a small payment, topped up onto their mobile phone. These are the figures Dr. Mwaga received yesterday. Mlandizi Health Center reports a worrying shortage of the ACTs designed for babies and children. >> DR. WILLIAM MWAGA: They have zero yellow Coartem but they have 19 boxes of red Coartem, which is for adult only. >> VOICEOVER: So Dr. Mwaga checks his own store at the District health center. It's good news. He's got plenty of boxes of yellow Coartem. Dr. Mwaga can now send some off to Mlandizi. >> DANIEL CRAPPER: It's not so much a push system where someone at the center level says you will have these drugs. It's moving towards a system where people at the facility, the people who know what the demands are, are ordering the right drugs at the right time. >> DR. MAIMUNA YUSEF: I think that it's useful. We just look at the systems, and we ordered, and you bring it to us. It's very nice. I like it. >> DANIEL CRAPPER: If people with fever are not getting treated within 24 hours, the cure rates significantly decline. By making sure that the right drugs are there at the right moment, we can make a significant impact on the reduction of malaria. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-cholera-introduced-to-haiti A cholera outbreak in post-earthquake Haiti has affected half a million people in just six months. While the Haitian government scrambles to build sanitation infrastructure to break the cycle of disease, health workers rely on education. Thu, 19 Apr 2012 10:16:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-cholera-introduced-to-haiti Haiti, Water & Sanitation, Cholera, Public health, Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Partners In Health, Artibonite River, Physician, Nepal >> TITLE: The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: Rosaline Duvantine is very ill. She can barely walk. A hundred people with symptoms like hers come to this cholera center for treatment every day. Five thousand people have died and almost half a million have fallen ill in just six months. >> DR. RALPH TERNIER [Partners in Health, Haiti]: We discovered a lot of new cases of diarrhea, which appeared, by the symptom, it was cholera. >> DOCTOR: Are you feeling ill? >> ROSALINE: Yes. >> DOCTOR: How many times did you go to the toilet? >> ROSALINE: Many times. >> DOCTOR: Were you sick? >> ROSALINE: Yes. >> DOCTOR: How many times did you vomit? >> ROSALINE: Many times. >> VOICEOVER: Patients have to share beds. >> DR. RALPH TERNIER: We are lacking beds. Normally this site is fit for 25 beds, so we're doubling right now. >> VOICEOVER: The disease is contracted by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with cholera bacteria. This causes severe diarrhea and vomiting. Rosaline is quickly put on rehydration therapy. All patients with cholera symptoms are isolated in these wards and treated with antibiotics and fluids. As desperate as these people look, this fast response has slowed the spread of the disease. It means fewer people are dying. But it's a short-term solution. >> VOICEOVER: Haiti had been free of cholera for over a century. Scientific reports, including one published by the US Centers for Disease Control, strongly suggest the source of this outbreak was a battalion of United Nations peacekeepers from Nepal, operating from this base in October 2010. A South Asian strain of cholera contaminated the nearby Artibonite river, and beyond. >> DR. RALPH TERNIER: The river next to the camps was infected. Now it spread into all the country. The experts said that we're going to have cholera for years. >> VOICEOVER: Poor sanitary conditions speed the spread of cholera bacteria. A million earthquake survivors are still living in tents, with no access to reliable sanitation or clean water. The government has started to build its first solid waste treatment plant. >> WILSTON ETIENNE [Department of Water and Sanitation, Haiti]: It will be a huge improvement for Haiti. It's a facility where all the excrement can be disposed of. It can go through a treatment process, so any excrement which potentially has cholera it will be contained, it will be treated, so that it's not disposed of maybe as is currently being done in canals and ravines. >> VOICEOVER: It's this kind of structural development that is needed to break the cycle of disease. Back at the emergency treatment center, health workers take an extra preventative step before discharging patients. They're teaching them how to sterilize water. >> NURSE: Take home these sachets of tablets. Use them to make your water clean. I will show you how. Remember to wash your hands with soap and water. >> VOICEOVER: It will take a long time to create a basic sanitation system for Haiti. But changing people's habits through education is also vital to keep millions of people safe from this highly contagious disease. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-robotic-surgery Augmented reality is coming to robotic surgery. Here, surgeons test the use of medical scans projected over their camera views, providing an annotated navigational display for patient Gary Keane's prostatectomy. Thu, 19 Apr 2012 08:16:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-robotic-surgery Robotic surgery, Health, Augmented reality, Surgeon, Patient, Surgery, Robot, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Robotic arm, Cancer >> TITLE: The Health Show >> DR. JUSTIN VALE [Surgeon, Imperial College Healthcare, UK]: Keep going at that angle... >> VOICEOVER: Cutting edge medicine: robotic surgery in action. These robotic arms, including a powerful camera, are slid into the patient through small incisions. At the end of the arms are the surgeon's tools. >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: So the robot is now fully docked. Okay. >> VOICEOVER: This patient has prostate cancer. It's about to be removed. The surgeon sits at a separate console, away from the patient. Each hand action is translated into much smaller movements by the robot. >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: The reason why surgeons like the technology so much is that it's scaled, so that I might move my hand two centimeters for example and the robotic hand will only move one centimeter. You can filter out people's tremors for example, by virtue of the fact that you can scale the instruments. >> VOICEOVER: Now, robotic surgery is about to get even more sophisticated. This team is testing out the use of medical scans projected over what the surgeon can actually see. This is among the latest, most pioneering work of its kind. They call it, "augmented reality." >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: The idea of augmented reality is to give the surgeon a display a bit like a fighter pilot's display so he can look out the cockpit window, but at the same time he gets information on his screen. You can start to give him other visual feeds that may be helpful. At its most advanced form, you would actually be able to overlay an image taken from a patient's preoperative scans so that the surgeon could actually see in his display exactly where structures are. If we take that overlay that we looked at earlier to show us the anatomy, you can see we've superimposed -- very stylized -- a pelvis. The green structure there is the prostate; the purple structure there superimposed is the bladder. >> VOICEOVER: The patient, whose cancer was diagnosed earlier in the year, explains why he opted for robotic surgery. >> GARY KEANE: Six members of my family have died in the past of cancer of one form or another. I was given all of the options, radiotherapy, the normal prostatectomy, or robotic. But in the end I decided on robotic because it's less intrusive and quicker. >> VOICEOVER: The operation was a success. The whole prostate is removed. Other advances in robotic surgery are also in the pipeline. >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: I think that we're on the start of a journey with robotic surgery. I don't think in the future robots will be this large. They will be much smaller devices. Big advances are going to be around things like augmented reality, active constraint stopping surgeons wandering where they shouldn't be. And once you start to do that you can even envisage a time when surgical robots may be true robots and capable of autonomous movement. Hopefully not before I've retired but I think eventually it will come. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-1 As part of a five month humanitarian trip, the USNS Comfort hospital ship is bringing medical relief and surgical care to local communities in Central America. Surgeries are performed on the ship, and primary care evaluations are carried out on shore. Tue, 10 Apr 2012 10:03:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-1 Central America, USNS Comfort (T-AH-20), Health, Medicine, Hospital ship, Guatemala, Surgery, Operating theater, United States Navy, United States of America >> TITLE: The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: This is the US Navy at work: A powerful ship, with hundreds of highly trained officers. But this is not a military operation. This crew of military doctors and nurses are part of "Continuing Promise 2011", a five month long humanitarian mission. Their vessel, the USNS Comfort, is a hospital ship bringing medical relief and surgical care to local communities in Central America. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD [Director of Surgical Services, USNS Comfort]: We're here to make patients better, and when our patients come to see us, they're looking to make their lives a little bit easier. And we do that for hundreds and hundreds of people over the course of our mission. >> VOICEOVER: Here in Guatemala, at the crack of dawn, doctors, health workers, and nurses head to shore. They've set up temporary medical sites in nearby villages. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: The mission itself is divided upon what we do on the ship, which is primarily surgery, and what we do off the ship, which is primary care. Now there's medical care, dental care, optometry. >> VOICEOVER: People who need surgery are transferred onto the ship. Ten-year-old Carlos Ventura has been longing for this opportunity. >> CARLOS VENTURA: I burned my feet when I ran into a bonfire seven years ago. It hurts me to be like this. The doctor told me he will make the top of my foot flat again, that I'll be able to move my feet. >> VOICEOVER: For Carlos's mom, Maria Elena, it's a dream come true. >> MARIA ELENA: It is a great joy for me to know that his feet will grow normally now. I have prayed to God for this opportunity, I thought it would never come. >> VOICEOVER: A former oil tanker, the USNS Comfort is over 270 meters long and 32 meters wide. It's as tall as a ten-story building. Its primary role is to provide medical support for the US military in times of war. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: The entire ship is designed around 12 operating rooms; the ship is a floating set of operating rooms. >> VOICEOVER: The pharmacy stores one and a half million doses of medicine, to treat up to 100,000 patients. The ship carries one of only two floating CT scanners in the world. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: The technology that we have here is very, very good, because when you have this image preoperatively, it allows you to do a very good job of preoperative planning. >> VOICEOVER: Carlos is now in the operating theater. His much-awaited surgery has started. It's a five-hour procedure. Doctors remove skin from his hip to replace damaged tissue and free his muscles. With proper aftercare, Carlos will be able to move his feet again. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: We want to do surgeries that are just life, family, and community-changing surgeries. For that, primarily we're dealing with surgeries that affect function and affect your overall appearance. >> VOICEOVER: Throughout their mission, the surgeons perform over a thousand procedures like this. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: I sought out to come on these missions because I believe very greatly on what we're doing as far as getting to these individuals, and the immense satisfaction that you get from knowing that you are helping somebody that has no other recourse many times. That is something that is very, very heartwarming. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-spinal-rehab Leon suffered a devastating spinal injury when his house collapsed on him in during the 2010 Haiti earthquake. But thanks to the Haiti Hospital Appeal, which helps rehabilitate patients with spinal cord injuries, he is beginning to stand on his own feet again. Tue, 10 Apr 2012 09:03:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-spinal-rehab Haiti, Health, Spinal cord injury, Disability, Cap-Haïtien, Earthquake, Port-au-Prince, Rockhopper, The Health Show >> TITLE: The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: Leon Ginsly works tirelessly. He won't stop. >> HANNA: Keep going, okay? >> VOICEOVER: He has energy and determination. Leon wants to get stronger. >> HANNA: You're okay? Fatigue? >> LEON GINSLY: No, no, I'm not tired. >> VOICEOVER: Leon is disabled. He suffered a serious spinal cord injury when his house collapsed during the earthquake that killed tens of thousands of people in Haiti in January 2010. >> LEON GINSLY: The house started shaking. It collapsed. Everyone died, including my wife and eight children. I was the only one that survived. >> VOICEOVER: Leon was left unable to stand up or walk, his wounds infected. Homeless and disabled, the staff at the Haiti Hospital Appeal has looked after Leon. >> DR. PAUL TOUSSAINT [Medical Director, Haiti Hospital, Cap-Haitien]: Most of our patients were depressed when they arrived here. The first step was to rebuild their confidence, the second step was to heal their wounds, to get them back on their feet, through rehabilitation. >> VOICEOVER: Now, Leon can stand up. He can even take small steps by himself. But when he stumbles, it's a reminder that his injury is still holding him back. It's the intensive physiotherapy that has helped Leon make so much progress. >> NURSE: Leon, you have to lift your foot to touch my hand. Hold it, hold it, lift it, and lift it even more. >> VOICEOVER: Leon completes a demanding session every day. >> NURSE: Since you arrived, do you think you have made progress? >> LEON GINSLY: When I came here, I was almost dead, I couldn't move. But the hard work that I have done here has made me very strong. I am getting stronger every day. >> VOICEOVER: His progress, and that of his fellow patients, has surpassed everyone's expectations. This hospital was originally designed as a maternity hospital. Now it's known locally as the Haiti Hospital Appeal, after the British charity that supports it. After the earthquake, it took in twenty-five survivors with severe spinal cord injuries. >> CARWYN HILL [Chief Executive, Haiti Hospital Appeal]: Specialists from abroad and people within Haiti thought that at least 50 percent would pass away. 24 of them have been successfully rehabilitated, of them 19 have returned to their communities and we've been able to re-house about 80 percent of them. >> VOICEOVER: Inclusion is encouraged through sports and games, regardless of the level of a patient's disability. Relatives and staff take part too. These activities keep them strong, motivated, and entertained. As for Leon, the strength he has found through his rehabilitation has turned his life around. He has begun a new journey, to become a disabled athlete and fulfill a dream for himself and his fellow Haitians. >> LEON GINSLY: I want to participate in the Olympic games in England. I would like to be part of the games. I am getting ready and working hard so that the world realizes where I come from and what I have been through. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-genexpert Compared to traditional tests using a microscope, GeneXpert is more accurate and much quicker in diagnosing tuberculosis, and can detect drug resistant strains of the disease. But are the high costs worth it? Tue, 10 Apr 2012 08:03:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-genexpert Tuberculosis, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa, Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, Drug resistance, Diagnosis, World Health Organization, GeneXpert, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom >> TITLE: The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: When Londoner Steve Bradley fell ill, his doctors were baffled. In desperation, they gave him a cocktail of toxic drugs. Eventually, they discovered he had drug resistant TB. The drugs left him nearly blind and unable to walk properly. >> STEVE BRADLEY: I was in intensive care for ten days, and it took the full ten days for them to find I had TB. I think if I'd been diagnosed quicker I'd be back to what we call a normal human being, and basically get into the normal run of lifestyle again, but obviously that's not going to happen for me. >> VOICEOVER: In the UK, TB rates have been rising for 20 years, up to 10,000 cases annually. Since half of them occur in London, it's been called the TB capital of Europe. But diagnosing the disease is a big problem around the world. Now a system is being rolled out that can diagnose TB in just two hours. It's a fusion of existing technologies that can detect the telltale genetic signature of the bacteria. >> DR. TIM MCHUGH [University College London]: The GeneXpert represents a major step forward; not in the biochemistry of it, but in the technology that surrounds that, the means of processing the sample and detecting the result. >> VOICEOVER: Compared to traditional tests using a microscope, GeneXpert is more accurate and much quicker. And it can detect drug-resistant strains of the disease. That's a big advantage in poorer countries like here in South Africa, where drug resistance is growing. Fast diagnosis can also slow the spread of the disease. It's estimated that, without treatment, TB patients infect at least ten other people a year. But these advantages come at a price. >> DR. TIM MCHUGH: Although it's a robust technology, it's a relatively expensive technology. So to prepare a smear on a slide, the major cost is likely to be the person who's reading that slide. With this machine, in sub-Saharan Africa they're selling the cartridges for USD$20 dollars. But USD$20 dollars is a substantial amount of money for a diagnosis. >> VOICEOVER: That's ten times the cost of the old slide test. The cartridges cost even more in richer countries -- about USD$70 dollars. And with the machine itself priced at USD$80,000 dollars, it's a big investment, even for well-off healthcare systems. The price will be lower for poorer countries, but there are other problems. Without a laptop computer and a reliable power supply, the machine can't work. >> DR. BERTIE SQUIRE [Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine]: If we don't get it right with implementing GeneXpert, and working out exactly what it will take, it will just add to the dusty pile of equipment in the corner. >> VOICEOVER: So rich and poor countries alike need independent assessments to find out if new technologies like this are cost-effective. This computer model, created by Bertie Squire and his team, should help. >> DR. BERTIE SQUIRE: What we've been trying to do is think about the kind of evidence that a national policy maker or a hospital of a clinic would like to see before it made the decision to buy GeneXpert or any other diagnostics. We've developed a system which can model the effects of diagnostic systems in terms of the number of patients being diagnosed, in terms if the costs, the training requirements and actually project what those would look like over a decent period of time, say, ten plus years. >> VOICEOVER: The results of this and other trials may determine whether GeneXpert is a good investment or a technological dead end. Whatever outcome, it's too late for patients like Steve. >> STEVE BRADLEY: It would have changed my life. I'd still have been able to work, still be able to continue after the blip of health problems, and get back to a normal working life, which I don't have anymore. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-unleashing-innovation What is social innovation? Solving some of the world's most pressing problems -- including global poverty and development -- requires innovative thinking, unusual partnerships, and entrepreneurialism. And it's already working. Find out how in Unleashing Innovation. Tue, 27 Mar 2012 08:28:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-unleashing-innovation Social innovation, Technology, Social entrepreneurship, Environment, Water & Sanitation, Change Makers, Foreign Assistance, David Kilcullen, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam >> TITLE: Soccer is the world's most popular sport >> BILL CLINTON: An idea for clean energy that I think it's fair to say hardly anybody else on the planet had ever thought of. >> TITLE: One out of five people live without electricity >> BILL CLINTON: It's quite extraordinary really -- kick a ball, turn on a light. >> TITLE: Thirty minutes of play generates three hours of light >> BILL CLINTON: It's an off-grid solution that gives us a way to bring power and improve quality of life, working capacity, learning capacity. >> TITLE: Soccket: innovate, play, empower >> VOICEOVER: Soccket, and other social innovations, in this ViewChange special. >> VOICEOVER: ViewChange is about people making real progress in tackling the world's toughest issues. Can a story change the world? See for yourself in ViewChange: Unleashing Innovation. >> VOICEOVER: That was Soccket. It's gotten a lot of attention recently, and not just from Bill Clinton. Which isn't surprising: it has all the trappings of a game-changer. Soccket is clever; it's creative; it's relatively cheap; and most of all, it takes on one of the biggest challenges in the developing world -- access to electricity. Soccket is unique, but it's one of a growing number of projects with a similar goal: tackling the world's toughest problems from surprising and inventive new angles. Problems like hunger, disease, clean water, security -- problems that are crying out for a fresh approach. Lynn Taliento from McKinsey & Company's Social Sector Office, and Tom Freston, chairman of the ONE Campaign, are two leaders in this field, which goes by the term "social innovation." It's a field that sits at the nexus of industry, entrepreneurial thinking, and philanthropy. As they explain, understanding social innovation takes some nuance. >> TOM FRESTON [Chairman of the Board, ONE]: Social innovation's sort of a category that wasn't even around ten years ago and has been booming ever since -- and it's really about identifying new ideas, new organizations, new strategies to attack social problems. >> LYNN TALIENTO [Partner, McKinsey & Company]: For me, social innovation is about looking at a social challenge and coming up with different ways to address it. A lot of people think it means coming up with a new technology or a new solution, sort of a point solution. But we see it way broader than that. If you think about it you can come up with a new solution but then you can come up also with a new way to deliver that solution. It might be an old solution that you deliver in a new way. >> TOM FRESTON: It's clearly an area that is growing. We see the White House has a Social Innovation Fund. We see in various countries all kinds of government support. There are all kinds of exciting people doing things. >> LYNN TALIENTO: So, some of the groups that are social innovators are pretty well known to us. Think about (PRODUCT)RED, products you can buy in the stores like the Red Apple iPod. Or think about TOMS Shoes, which many of us wear. Kiva.org, where you can actually make a loan to a micro entrepreneur in another country and get paid back and then reinvest. Or think about Ushahidi, which is revolutionizing crisis communications. >> TOM FRESTON: Ten years ago, if you got out of a good school, there's a good chance you were probably headed to Wall Street. Thirty years ago, if you got out of a good school, there was a good chance you'd want to be an investigative journalist. I think a lot of the bloom is off the rose on the Wall Street, money-making culture, not all of it certainly, but a lot of people are attracted to this realm because it combines their innate desire to do something good along with a possibility to tie it into something innovative in terms of technology, or approach, or so forth. >> LYNN TALIENTO: There's a whole spectrum of social innovation, and it really can be found anywhere. That's really what's so exciting about it. It can be found in labs that are developing new vaccines. It can be found very commonly on the ground in a nonprofit, say a midwifery clinic working with moms to figure out how to deliver their babies more safely. But increasingly it's happening in corporations. Companies are engaging more and more in social issues and figuring out how to use their supply chains, their people, their skills to address a social issue in a location where they're operating. >> VOICEOVER: So where does this "spectrum of innovation" begin and end? From the smallest villages to the world's top tech labs, these innovators are changing the face of their industries. Here are four short films, entered in McKinsey's Social Innovation Video Contest, pushing the boundaries of the expected around the world. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> WOMAN: As I watch my child sleep, I feel a sense of inner peace. I will do everything to protect him, and I want to always be there to give him unconditional love. But the day my child was born, the only thing I wanted was to help him live. >> TITLE: Twenty million low-birth weight and premature babies are born every year around the world, 450 every hour >> VOICEOVER: One of the biggest problems these babies face is staying warm, but traditional incubators cost thousands of dollars. The Embrace infant warmer is a simple solution to this problem. Embrace consists of three parts: a sleeping bag, a heater, and a pouch of phase-change material. Once heated, the phase-change material is placed into a compartment in the sleeping bag. The product stays warm without electricity, and allows for close mother-to-child interaction. Embrace's mission is to give every infant a chance for a healthy life. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: You may already know the story. Uganda, plagued by a twenty-five year long war. Two million people displaced, left homeless, jobless, and desperate. But when we actually went to Uganda, our perspective changed. We met women with names and stories. Women who are ready to step forward and get a fresh start. The identity of 31 Bits was born, combining creativity with recycled paper to make incredible jewelry. We realized that we had a market, and they had a skill. Together, we made a business. We believe true economic sustainability is a result of holistic care, enabling a person financially, spiritually, mentally, and physically. After four years in our program, a woman has an education, a career, confidence, and a voice. She is empowered to rise above poverty. >> TITLE: Buy a necklace. Share their story. Give hope. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> MIKE LIN [Founder & CEO, Fenix International Inc.] With over 1.6 billion people without access to power, we need scalable solutions. The name Fenix comes from the mythical bird, and it's about rebirth and renewal. And we're focusing on renewable energy for frontier markets. The Fenix ReadySet system is a renewable power center that can charge from virtually anything. It can charge from solar, it can charge from a bicycle generator that we've developed, and it can even charge off the grid. We aim to reach massive scale, installing megawatts, gigawatts of power, in areas that never had access to energy. An entrepreneur can use the ReadySet system to power a small business, they can charge cell phones and they can power lights at night so they can keep their stores open longer and generate new, meaningful income. We're hoping to actually innovate a new business model where we're thinking about people, prosperity, and the planet. We're hoping to address not just the environmental issues but also improve the quality of life for billions of people around the world. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Meet Kamala. Kamala and her mother spend hours every day collecting water for their family. This leaves little time for school, for play, or for work. One billion people on the planet lack reliable access to safe water. This means they must travel at least half a mile to reach a safe water source. Transporting water is time consuming. Average time spent = 25 percent of a woman's day. Water is heavy. Five gallons = 42 pounds, or one piece of checked luggage. People need at least five gallons of water per day to stay healthy and hydrated. Kamala and her mother struggle to meet their family's daily water needs. Would you rather be the woman on the right, or a woman on the left? Wello is a social venture with a bold mission: to deliver clean water to a thirsty world. Now that they have a Wello WaterWheel, Kamala and her mother spend their time in more productive ways. This gives Kamala and her family a chance at a better future. In a single trip, one WaterWheel delivers enough water for an entire family. By re-imagining the water crisis as an opportunity, Wello has reinvented the wheel. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: Those are only four of many stories happening around the world. Meanwhile, governments and aid groups have been targeting challenges like water and electricity access, and children's health, for almost a century. Lots of progress has been made, but there's plenty of room for more. Problems this deeply entrenched require more than just another look. They need a whole new outlook. >> LYNN TALIENTO: If we're going to solve some of these increasingly complex social issues we definitely need fresh thinking. We need unusual suspects if you will. We need people who haven't spent their lives necessarily thinking about social issues but who have talents and capabilities in areas like gaming, or design thinking, or financial engineering to put their talents to work to solve these issues. The essence of social innovation is finding new solutions to old problems. >> VOICEOVER: Consider the case of Mozambique, the site of a severe landmine problem. Leftover from a 16-year civil war, the mines are a national menace. Untold thousands remain hidden. Bart Weetjens, a Belgian engineer, studied traditional demining methods and found them dangerous, expensive, and slow. And that's when he tried enlisting the help of an indigenous ally. This ViewChange film has the story. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Bomb Squad Rats >> VOICEOVER: Here in Mozambique, the Cricetomys gambianus, or, as it's better known, the African giant pouched rat, is no longer feared or reviled. >> ALBERT ZACHARIA: Mostly in our African culture, rats are considered as a useless animal. So, at first when I heard that rats are being used for demining, I didn't believe it. >> VOICEOVER: Here at this rat training camp in Chokwe, near the Limpopo River, these furry heroes are going through their final training. When the rats detect some explosive, they indicate by scratching the ground. The trainers then make a clicking noise to let them know they can return for a reward. >> ANDREW SULLY [Program Manager, Apopo]: What we are trying to do is here the rats are an African solution to an African problem. >> VOICEOVER: Andrew Sully works for Apopo, the Belgian NGO that runs the rat program. He says the inspiration came from scientific work dating back decades. >> ANDREW SULLY: Well, rats have actually been used for the detection of explosives for many, many years. I mean, there were experiments using laboratory rats back in the 1950s if not before that. >> VOICEOVER: Putting that research into practice hasn't been easy, and each rat takes two years to train. But they have some distinct advantages over their canine counterparts. Unlike sniffer dogs, they're loyal to food, rather than one particular trainer. And they can also be more effective on windy days, like today. Demining teams have spent more than a decade trying to clear Mozambique of land mines. Millions of them were laid during the ten-year fight for independence and the two decades of civil war that followed. Today, the rat team is on its way to the former garrison village of Hate-Hate. >> ANDREW SULLY: From the initial surveys that have been done I think there have been at least five or six mine accidents in this sort of horseshoe shape which was the mined area around the barracks. >> VOICEOVER: Alfredo Adamo gave up his job as a schoolteacher to work with the rats, and he's proud of his new career. >> ALFREDO ADAMO: Because I know every time we find a mine and we destroy it, I know if it continued there something bad should happen, either to a person or to an animal, actual cattle or whatever. >> VOICEOVER: The area the de-miners are working in today lies either side of a track leading down to a borehole, the area's main water source. >> VENDELINE SHIRIMA: So they put mines in this area in order to protect those local people inside here. >> VOICEOVER: By the end of today's shift, they've already found two live land mines. The final job of the day is to safely detonate the rat's haul. >> CERVEZA: It's TNT, almost all of it. There's 150 grams. This is the detonator. >> VOICEOVER: It's slow and painstaking work, but bit by bit, Mozambique is being cleared of land mines, and it's all thanks to the work of man's new best friend. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: So far, the organization has cleared more than 2,700 explosives in Mozambique's Gaza province. And it plans to make the area completely mine-free this year. Apopo is one of three demining groups in Mozambique today, and they've branched out to Thailand and Tanzania too. This new approach was met with skepticism at first, but the rats have proven themselves worthy allies. The United Nations, many governments, and foundations support the program. And the rats themselves? Like any specialist, they're subject to regular testing. >> VOICEOVER: So who are the social innovators of today? It turns out; they come from some pretty unlikely fields. Professionals in areas like engineering, design, and finance are realizing that they too can make headway on social causes. That's a powerful discovery. Enter design thinking -- usually something that pertains to things like art and architecture. But as Dave Kilcullen and his team at Caerus Associates know, it's a way of engaging social problems, too. Kilcullen has been an advisor to the Bush and Obama administrations, aid groups, and governments around the world, but he is best known for his work in postwar reconstruction. In his bestselling books, Kilcullen shows how social challenges require the same kind of engineering. And the most important part of design thinking for social problems? Understanding the local environment, and the local issues. >> DR. DAVID KILCULLEN [CEO, Caerus Associates]: I founded Caerus with a bunch of like-minded people, with the objective of identifying ways to solve complex problems, things like poverty, urban overstretch, energy shortage, and particularly conflict, understanding how those problems overlap and figuring out simple design-based solutions to resolving them. Design thinking is a way of thinking about problems, and it's a way of bringing in the environment where something's going to be used. And the people that are going to use it, and the system within which it's embedded, and wrapping all of that up into the production of a particular type of thing, an object or a product, or a service. I'll give you an example. Things that are happening in the rural areas around cities lead people to move into urban environments. And the urban environment can't handle the people that are now putting pressure on its infrastructure. And you end up with what we call peri-urban areas, so slums and shantytowns and a variety of different unplanned development happening around the outside of preexisting cities. So you can intervene to make things better by looking at the cluster of urban problems that result from that movement. And what we try to do is look at it as a whole system, and think where we can intervene in concert with local populations together. People talk about making things population-centric, but often we just pay lip service to that. We treat the population like she's a silent movie heroine tied to a railway track, and the bad guys are driving the train down the track. And she's like, "Help me!" You know, and we say, you know, "hang on, we'll rescue you." Our experience is it doesn't really work like that. You actually have to, no kidding, treat the population like they're the principal actor. They are the clients, and you have to work with them as an architect would work with a client to design a solution that really meets their needs. >> VOICEOVER: So what happens when smart design is applied to a tough problem? Look no further than the latrines of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The city is saddled with an overtaxed sewage system and thousands of overflowing pit latrines. But some engineers in Colorado have designed a solution that mitigates the need for central sewers, while also reducing disease. It's a clean answer to a messy question. This ViewChange film explains. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: The Gulper, Rockhopper TV, Tanzania >> VOICEOVER: Only ten percent of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's biggest city, is connected to the central sewage system. Eighty percent of the city's population lives in settlements that have sprung up without planning permission. They rely on a huge number of smelly, dirty and unsafe latrines. But a solution is at hand. Meet "The Gulper." These motor tricycles, and the equipment they carry, are transforming the way pit latrines are emptied here. In the past, sewage often ended up contaminating water supplies, particularly during the rainy season. >> ERNEST MAMUYA [Environment Health Officer]: You wouldn't get surprised if you were finding fecal matter rolling with the storm water. It was common. In those areas, we had a problem of widespread cholera and other infections related to the disposal of waste. >> VOICEOVER: The Gulper is designed to reach customers who live down even the narrowest streets. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We have gloves, masks, helmets, and gum boots. Then, when we arrive, we assess the toilet for any risks. >> VOICEOVER: Many of the latrines are unsafe because of the old way of emptying them. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We used to completely demolish the toilet to drain it. The owners would get upset because it was completely broken. >> VOICEOVER: Julius used to earn his living this way, and saw how dangerous it could be. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: There was one time when our colleague died because the toilet collapsed in on him and covered him completely. >> VOICEOVER: It's The Gulper's pump that has made life safer and cleaner for Julius. It's not motorized, so it's easy to maintain. It's cheap and, above all, it's effective -- he can clean up to six latrines a day. All the sewage is removed, and very little spills on the ground. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We have a container that can hold fifty liters. We usually drain into this, and when it is full, we put it on a motorbike. Then we take it to a place specially designated to pour it all away, and that is that. >> VOICEOVER: There's another way the Gulper has made life sweeter for Julius: he's paid better. Yet customers pay less for the Gulper's services. And it's this affordability that's key to improving health for everyone living in the unplanned settlements. The more sewage that gets dumped centrally, the less risk there is to local people. Cholera is not the only disease in decline. >> ERNEST MAMUYA: The Gulper is getting rid of intestinal diseases: strongoloids, hookworms, tapeworms. There's a reduction of typhoid, amoebic dysentery. If the coverage increases, we are sure of reducing these infections quite a lot. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: Mobile sewers, super rats, and electric soccer balls. It's an almost unbelievable spectrum of ingenuity. But all these projects are very real. They're the result of business savvy; of irreverence toward the expected; and of design meeting need. Projects like these are turning aid work on its head, and turning heads in the business world too. That's the promise of social innovation. It's redefining the power of creativity in social causes, and it's blurring of the lines between what's good business, and what's just good. >> VOICEOVER: Want to learn more about innovation, design, or anything else you saw here? Head over to ViewChange.org/TV, where you could watch, read, and get involved in projects that are making a real difference. Watch the films you just saw, and over 400 more from around the world, at ViewChange.org/TV. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-the-gulper Eighty percent of Dar es Salaam's population lives in unregulated settlements, forced to rely on smelly and hazardous pit latrines. "The Gulper" is transforming the way those latrines are emptied, improving the health of the whole community. Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-the-gulper Tanzania, Health, Dar es Salaam, Water & Sanitation, Cholera, Sewage, Toilet, Water supply, Feces, Latrine >> VOICEOVER: Only ten percent of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's biggest city, is connected to the central sewage system. Eighty percent of the city's population lives in settlements that have sprung up without planning permission. They rely on a huge number of smelly, dirty and unsafe latrines. But a solution is at hand. Meet "The Gulper." These motor tricycles, and the equipment they carry, are transforming the way pit latrines are emptied here. In the past, sewage often ended up contaminating water supplies, particularly during the rainy season. >> ERNEST MAMUYA [Environment Health Officer]: You wouldn't get surprised if you were finding fecal matter rolling with the storm water. It was common. In those areas, we had a problem of widespread cholera and other infections related to the disposal of waste. >> VOICEOVER: The Gulper is designed to reach customers who live down even the narrowest streets. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We have gloves, masks, helmets, and gum boots. Then, when we arrive, we assess the toilet for any risks. >> VOICEOVER: Many of the latrines are unsafe because of the old way of emptying them. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We used to completely demolish the toilet to drain it. The owners would get upset because it was completely broken. >> VOICEOVER: Julius used to earn his living this way, and saw how dangerous it could be. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: There was one time when our colleague died because the toilet collapsed in on him and covered him completely. >> VOICEOVER: It's The Gulper's pump that has made life safer and cleaner for Julius. It's not motorized, so it's easy to maintain. It's cheap and, above all, it's effective -- he can clean up to six latrines a day. All the sewage is removed, and very little spills on the ground. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We have a container that can hold fifty liters. We usually drain into this, and when it is full, we put it on a motorbike. Then we take it to a place specially designated to pour it all away, and that is that. >> VOICEOVER: There's another way the Gulper has made life sweeter for Julius: he's paid better. Yet customers pay less for the Gulper's services. And it's this affordability that's key to improving health for everyone living in the unplanned settlements. The more sewage that gets dumped centrally, the less risk there is to local people. Cholera is not the only disease in decline. >> ERNEST MAMUYA: The Gulper is getting rid of intestinal diseases: strongoloids, hookworms, tapeworms. There's a reduction of typhoid, amoebic dysentery. If the coverage increases, we are sure of reducing these infections quite a lot. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-snake-bites A single bite from a venomous snake can case tissue damage, paralysis, and even death. Antivenoms can keep you alive, but their side effects are often devastating. That's why scientists at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine are working with the Nigerian Ministry of Health to develop cheaper and safer antivenoms. Thu, 19 Jan 2012 09:54:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-snake-bites Sub-Saharan Africa, Snake venom, Nigeria, Anti-venom, Snake, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Health, Bleeding, Echis, Medical research >> VOICEOVER: These are some of the deadliest snakes in the world. In rural areas, their camouflage makes them hard to see. Their venom causes severe bleeding, paralysis or tissue damage. Without quick access to antivenoms, their victims can be permanently disabled -- or die. That's why scientists here at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine are working with the Nigerian Ministry of Health to develop cheaper and safer antivenoms. >> PAUL ROWLEY [Snake Handler]: Gently pin his head down, get him by the back of the jawbone. Offer him up to the beaker. You can see he's flicking his tongue out. There we go, good amount. >> VOICEOVER: This is one of Nigeria's deadliest snakes: a saw scaled viper. It's thought it kills more people than any other African snake. Right now, this dangerous procedure is the essential first step for making antivenoms. It's an expensive and complex process. The cost of antivenoms has been rising sharply for the past twenty years. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON [Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine]: The amount of venom that we've just extracted now is sufficient to kill a human being. >> VOICEOVER: Paul Rowley knows all about snakebites. He's the only person in the UK licensed to extract snake venom for medical research. It's a risky job. >> PAUL ROWLEY: Being bitten by a snake really is painful. Last time I was bitten was by a juvenile rattlesnake and a lot of swelling and intense pain. I felt like my arm was broken. >> VOICEOVER: Paul was given antivenom and it saved his life. But like nearly half of people treated, he suffered a serious adverse reaction. >> PAUL ROWLEY: A week later I took ill again due to the effects of the antivenom and they actually wanted to re-admit me to hospital because it was quite a serious situation. >> VOICEOVER: The team at the Liverpool School is developing a completely new approach. By separating out only the most toxic parts of snake venom, they hope to produce cheaper treatments that don't have such severe side effects. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON: Venom consists generally of about 200 different proteins. And the problem with this is that a lot of those proteins are not particularly toxic. And so we rationalize that if you make antivenom, which is specific only to the toxins, you won't need as much of the antivenom to affect a cure. >> PAUL ROWLEY: Oh, it's always so explosive, this stuff. >> VOICEOVER: This puff adder, with its large hollow fangs, produces especially toxic venom. The Liverpool team is working to identify the genes that produce only the most dangerous toxins in this and other snakes' venom. Stitched together to create a synthetic sequence, they are then inserted into lab bacteria. These tiny biological factories produce the vital proteins repeatedly -- a much safer process. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON: If we're successful we will generate a pool of antibodies which when combined will neutralize the main pathological toxins of all the venoms of all the deadly snakes in one region. >> VOICEOVER: They're currently testing the effectiveness of a new antivenom designed to work against all African saw scaled vipers. Preliminary results are due in the next few months. But it will be several years before it can be manufactured in bulk. Until then, making antivenom will remain very risky, even in the hands of seasoned professionals. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON: So Paul's brought in a spitting cobra from Nigeria now. It's in this trap box. So these are one of the larger animals in our collection and they spit, so we've got to be quite careful with this one. >> VOICEOVER: A synthetic antivenom can't come soon enough. >> PAUL ROWLEY: That's how bad it can get sometimes. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-riders-for-health-2 Access is often the largest obstacle to healthcare. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the rugged, mountainous country of Lesotho, where much of the population lives mired in rural poverty. But one organization, Riders for Health, has introduced an all-terrain option that's linking communities in the most remote regions: the motorbike. Tue, 10 Jan 2012 10:22:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-riders-for-health-2 Lesotho, Health, Riders for Health, HIV, Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Healthcare, Rural area, Television, AIDS >> VOICEOVER: The mountain kingdom of Lesotho is a land of heights and extremes. The entire country stands more than 3,000 feet above sea level. The terrain and climate are harsh, and more than 75 percent of the population lives in rural areas. Delivering regular health care to those in the countryside is nearly impossible. But thanks to Riders for Health, a global non-profit, one vehicle is changing the game: the motorbike. It's rugged, it's durable, and it lets healthcare workers reach all their patients, no matter how remote. Challenges abound, but with a motorbike, distance is no longer such an obstacle. Join Rockhopper TV as it follows six people using these motorbikes to alter the terrain of healthcare delivery. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Riders for Health, Rockhopper TV, Lesotho >> VOICEOVER: The mountain kingdom of Lesotho in southern Africa. Here, most people live high in remote villages, far from tarred roads and beyond the reach of most vehicles. In winter, villages are often cut off altogether by snow. For most people, getting around here means walking. It's early morning, and yesterday's snow means a cold start for Thabiso Phoka. He's a nurse at Auray Health Center high in the mountains. >> THABISO PHOKA [Nurse, Auray Health Center]: I'm preparing the package for the outreach. There's a tally sheet inside and the needles as well for the immunizations. >> VOICEOVER: Today, Thabiso's getting ready to travel to the village of Hatakani to immunize babies and run an under five's clinic. It is ten kilometers away over rough ground - half a day's walk for most people - but Thabiso is lucky; he'll be going by motorbike. >> THABISO PHOKA: I always loved the idea of being a nurse because I wanted to help people in the community. The roads are really difficult, and it's tough riding when it's so cold. But now I know I can get wherever I need to without any problems. >> VOICEOVER: Thabiso's destination, Hatakani, is a very remote place. A simple lack of transport means people are often unable or reluctant to get medical help. For Thabiso, this meant diseases went untreated and children remained unvaccinated. But last year he was provided with a motorbike and trained how to ride it. But even for Thabiso, Hatakani is hard to reach, and he has to walk the final leg down to the village. >> THABISO PHOKA: Before the motorbike it was not easy to come. I think they were thinking that we were neglecting them. >> VOICEOVER: Thabiso comes here on a set day every month. Mothers from the village and surrounding area have brought their children for an under five's clinic. >> THABISO PHOKA: The most important things I do in the villages are vaccinations and giving health talks about how people should take care of themselves, because some of the illnesses they come to the health centers with are things they themselves should be able to prevent. The cases we used to see a lot were hygiene related, like diarrhea and scabies, but they're no longer here because we've taught people how to look after themselves. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: These new recruits are starting their second day of training. None of them have ever ridden a motorbike before. Isaac Monokwa, like the other trainees, works at a government-run rural health center. >> ISAAC MONOKWA [Ministry of Health, Lesotho]: I work as an HIV/AIDS counselor. My job at the clinic is to encourage people to check their status. I do the tests myself and if they test positive, I talk to them about the treatment they must follow. The motorbike will really help me. I'll be able to get around much quicker and will be able to get to more villages in a day. >> VOICEOVER: But when it comes to learning to ride, Isaac has a long way to go. It seems he'll be testing Soloman's teaching skills, and his reactions. >> SOLOMAN HLASA [Motorbike Instructor]: It's just a matter of giving him a lot attention. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I had some difficulties changing gears at first. But as I ride more, I'm getting used to it. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: He's not yet confident standing up. >> VOICEOVER: If Isaac can't stand up on the bike, there's no way he'll tackle Lesotho's rough terrain. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: Oh, you can see he's very scared. >> VOICEOVER: But Isaac's determined. He has a very personal reason to succeed. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I wanted do this work because I discovered I was HIV positive. When I found out, my life became miserable, and back then the treatment wasn't really available. I went for counseling and they were looking for people who weren't ashamed to come out and talk about their status. I turned out to be one of the brave ones and they gave me training. >> VOICEOVER: The weather in Lesotho can change in an instant. Today, Isaac and the other trainees are getting their first taste of riding in the rain and over rough ground. The going's tough for all the riders - but especially for Isaac. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: He comes off the bike but he gets back on very fast. He shows a lot of courage. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I think it is determination that brought me here. I knew I'd meet these challenges and that I'd fall, but to fall doesn't mean you have to give up. You have to get back on and carry on riding. >> VOICEOVER: Gradually, Isaac starts to get the hang of it. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: So far Isaac has improved a lot, and he's making me proud so far, yeah. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: Today's training was really tough but I liked it. I'm going to sleep like a baby. I'm really tired. >> VOICEOVER: Back at his government health center, and having passed his two weeks training, Isaac's ready to hit the road. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I'm very excited because this will be my first day. Today I'm going to a village called Gamosethe. I'm going to follow up on patients who I've not seen for over a month. I think they'll be happy because before I wasn't able to get to them, so I think they'll be excited to see me. >> VOICEOVER: And he was right. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Riders for Health, Rockhopper TV, Lesotho >> VOICEOVER: Takiso Setsabi is on his way to one of the seven rural health centers he serves. He's one of thirty sample transporters operating in Lesotho - the missing link between rural clinics and hospital laboratories. >> TAKISO SETSABI [Nurse]: I love riding the bike because it's not here for fun but to help the community. It makes me really proud because there aren't many of us who ride. >> VOICEOVER: At Takiso's destination, Fatima Health Center, the nurse, Tjoloba, is with one of his HIV positive patients. Mamahloli has walked for four hours to get here from her village. The drugs she takes to manage her HIV have been causing her painful side effects, so she's stopped taking them. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA [Nurse, Fatima Health Center]: We are going to check kidney and liver function so we can change her drugs to another first line regimen, which has lesser side effects. >> VOICEOVER: The faster Tjoloba can get the results, the sooner he can get Mamahloli back on treatment. He knows that Takiso's on his way, but that wasn't always the case. Before the motorbikes, Tjoloba would have to rely on patients volunteering to take samples to the hospital laboratory, 20 kilometers away, on public transport. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA: Previously there was no choice. The samples include the TB bacilli as well as HIV. If anything could happen for the spilling of those samples within the public transport that means every passenger within would be at risk of contracting some infection. >> VOICEOVER: Samples often sat waiting for someone to take them and Tjoloba had to collect the results himself. Sometimes the whole process would take two to three months. It was a delay that cost lives, especially with diseases like tuberculosis. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA: TB is very important to get results immediately. While we are still waiting for the results the patient could be infecting other people and we end up with a lot of deaths. >> VOICEOVER: But now, Takiso visits the health center twice a week. Today, as well as Mamahloli's samples, he's collecting blood and sputum from nine people who may have TB. He's been trained how to handle and transport these samples. >> TAKISO SETSABI: Because I ride on these rough roads every day, I know how to handle them. When I get to parts that are really pot-holed, that shake you around, I stand up. In a car, the samples would just be rattling around all over the place. >> VOICEOVER: Many samples used to be ruined by lengthy storage or in transit. But now, Takiso can get to the lab quickly, ensuring the samples arrive in good condition. >> TAKISO SETSABI: I register the samples and I also help with basic laboratory tests because they've taught me how to do that. >> VOICEOVER: A couple of days later and Takiso is returning to Fatima Health Center with the results. And for Tjoloba, there's great news about his suspected TB patients. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA: All the results for TB are beautifully negative. >> VOICEOVER: There's good news for Mamahlodi too. The results show her liver and kidneys are functioning well, so she can be given more suitable lifesaving treatment straight away. And for those like her who have to walk so far to get here, the reliability of sample transport means it's never a wasted journey. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: Tukula Mothonyana is a TB officer based at Maluti Hospital in Lesotho. >> TUKULA MOTHONYANA [TB Officer]: I run TB clinics here and get people started on treatment. TB is a very dangerous disease because it's so infectious. It spreads quickly and easily from person to person through the air, so it's important to get people on treatment fast. My biggest challenge is when some people default on their medication. Often, they start to feel better, and so they stop taking the drugs believing they're already cured. >> VOICEOVER: Defaulters are common in Lesotho. Often they don't collect their treatment or attend check-ups because it's so difficult for them to get to their nearest health center. Tracing them quickly is vitally important, but finding defaulters can be a major challenge. Experienced rider Mathato, is taking recent trainees and fellow health assistants, Puleng and Lintle to try and track down one such TB patient. The first stop is his local council office. But there's some bad news. >> PULENG: We have just discovered that Mr. Fata Masupa has just passed away already. >> VOICEOVER: It may be too late for their defaulter, but it's still vital they find his family. There's a risk they too might be infected and could be passing it on to family and neighbors. Having been pointed in the right direction, they set off. But with no road names or house numbers, it's never that simple. >> MATHATO [Nurse]: It seems that there are two people with the same name and surname so this one is not the one we are looking for. The one that we are looking for is that one down there. >> VOICEOVER: A case of mistaken identity, so the search continues. But sometimes, patients deliberately give false details to health workers, as Tukula knows all too well. >> TUKULA MOTHONYANA: It makes it really difficult when some of them give us false names and addresses. When you want to visit them you go to the village and find no one knows them. >> VOICEOVER: But why don't they want to be found? Well, health workers Lesotho always encourage patients to get tested for HIV so they know their status. But many people here just don't want to know. Back with Mathato and her team, and they've managed to find the widow of the deceased defaulter. >> WOMEN: So sad to discover that the person we are tracing is dead. And she's still mourning. >> VOICEOVER: They suspect that by defaulting on TB treatment the dead man may have developed a more dangerous strain known as Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, or MDR TB. >> WOMEN: The family, they might be infected, we don't know but we advised her to go for the checkup. >> VOICEOVER: This constant vigilance is what's needed to keep this dangerous strain of drug resistant TB contained. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: Across Lesotho, motorbikes are constantly ferrying medical samples from clinic to lab, or allowing health workers to reach the communities they serve. These services rely on their bikes day after day. But keeping them going on these tough tracks is no mean feat. In charge of keeping Lesotho's fleet of a hundred and twenty motorbikes on the road, is mechanic Thaele Seleke. >> THAELE SELEKE [Motorbike Mechanic, Lesotho]: A bike is a small thing; it's not like a car. A car can last a bit longer. But really when you look at this machine it needs you to take care of it just like a baby. Watch it closely. I've got 120 babies here to watch. >> VOICEOVER: If any of Thaele's 'babies' need serious attention - a new clutch, a set of shock absorbers or a major engine problem - he brings them here to the workshop. But most of his time is spent out visiting the bikes all over the country. >> THAELE SELEKE: It's all about preventing problems from happening. We detect them before they can happen. It's unusual because we are the only ones who are doing this kind of job here. >> VOICEOVER: This preventative maintenance is what sets Thaele and his team apart. >> THAELE SELEKE: We always do this as a routine each and every month. Check everything, service everything; make sure that it's tip-top. >> VOICEOVER: Vehicles all over Africa are in a terrible state. At hospitals, you'll often find vehicles, some nearly new that are left rusting because of a blocked air filter or a worn out tire. But Thaele and his team go that extra mile to make sure they spot and fix problems before the bikes break down. With eight bikes to get through, there's no time to waste. But Thaele gets all the riders involved. >> THAELE SELEKE: I do like very much when I work on someone's bike. The rider should be there so that we should discuss few things. I always pass my knowledge to them. >> THAELE SELEKE: What you're doing isn't right. You have to have a tape, so you know the exact measurements - about 30 millimeters. >> THAELE SELEKE: The small things - they should know how to check them on their own. >> VOICEOVER: They're all trained to do daily checks. But it's not just about keeping the bikes running. >> THAELE SELEKE: If you don't do a check you before you ride, really you are risking your life because it might lose things like bolts, or chain warn out then when it cuts off really you fall off terribly. So we make sure we prevent such things. They shouldn't happen. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Riders for Health, Rockhopper TV, Lesotho >> VOICEOVER: Lesotho has the third highest HIV prevalence in the world. Almost one in four people here are living with the virus. But Lesotho is fighting back and HIV counselors like Lefulesele Masokanye are in the frontline. Today she's come to St. Magdalena rural clinic. Much of her work involves trying to prevent mother to baby transmission of HIV. She's here to follow up on those suspected of defaulting on treatment or missing checkups. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE [Mentor Mother, Berea District, Lesotho]: I have got the list now for the people we are visiting today and the first one is a pregnant woman and she's positive. So we are going to look if she has already taken the drugs to prevent the virus to pass through to the baby. >> VOICEOVER: A lot of Lefulesele's time is spent out in the villages, encouraging pregnant mothers to attend check ups and get treatment. If they're put on prophylaxis early enough in pregnancy, there's a very good chance they won't pass HIV to their babies. But it can be a difficult job persuading people who live so far from the clinics. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: When they get home they don't take it seriously. That's why we have to follow to see that they're doing the right thing. >> VOICEOVER: Lefulesele has come to see Mamojaki and her three-month-old baby girl. But soon after arriving, she realizes there's bad news. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: Her mother didn't get prophylaxis at all. And even the baby didn't get it after she has been born and so the baby could be positive. >> VOICEOVER: Mamojaki says she didn't go for check ups because she's afraid people would shun her if they knew she was HIV positive. It's something Lefulesele comes up against all the time, and she understands it better than most. She's also HIV positive. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: We have to tell everybody, because we have been through this so we have to stop this. I stand there, I tell them that I'm HIV positive, look at me; you can see I'm still healthy. I just tell her she should go there, don't be scared of the people. This is her life, and life comes once, and the treatment is free. She's not going to pay anything. >> VOICEOVER: Cases like Mamojaki's are very close to Lefulesele's heart. They're the reason she does this job. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: I was pregnant so I went to the clinic. I found that I'm HIV positive so they said I should come back and do my checkups but I didn't go. >> VOICEOVER: Lefulesele had a baby girl. She didn't return to the clinic until a month after she was born. It was during that visit that she was asked if she'd consider working as a HIV counselor. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: I heard about an interview for the mothers who are positive, so I went there and I passed the interview. But I didn't realize that when I was holding her she was already dead. I found out when I got home. >> VOICEOVER: Her baby daughter had died in her arms at just one month old. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: I had a very nice girl and I miss her a lot. >> VOICEOVER: A few days later, and Lefulesele has come to check up on Relenbonile, another HIV positive mother. But today's not a nice day to be out on a motorbike. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: It is very bad today, very bad. All of a sudden hailing, sunshine, cold at the same time. Even lightning! >> VOICEOVER: But for Lefelesele, it's all worth it. Relenbonile has been to all her check ups. She's taken the treatment throughout pregnancy, birth, and through to weaning. Her baby's recently been tested and is HIV negative. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/vinegar-revolutionizes-cervical-cancer-screenings A medical team from the United States is training Rwandan doctors and nurses in a new program dubbed "See and Treat." A quick test using vinegar allows for an immediate diagnosis of cervical cancer, and low-cost treatment techniques are readily available. Wed, 28 Dec 2011 09:07:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/vinegar-revolutionizes-cervical-cancer-screenings Rwanda, Health, Pap test, Cervical cancer, Cell (biology), Reproductive health, Developing country, Cervix, Acetic acid, Obstetrics >> VOICEOVER: Over 800 women have descended on this rural health clinic in Rwanda. They?re desperate to be screened for cervical cancer. Only a hundred of them will get the chance to be seen today by a team of American medical volunteers. Lead by Dr. Pam Silverstein, they?re piloting a scheme that they hope will one day save the lives of thousands of women. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN [Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist]: We came into this knowing there was a big need. The death rate from cervical cancer is 30 percent of the total female cancer deaths. >> VOICEOVER: Since the experts and labs needed for high tech screening don?t exist here, a program called "See and Treat" has been developed as a low resource alternative. After filling in a questionnaire and receiving private counseling, the women are ready to be screened using a technique called VIA - Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid - or, as it is more commonly known, vinegar. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: The speculum is used to open the vagina and then you can see the cervix at the end of it. This is vinegar at the end of this gauze; it?s 5 percent ascetic acid. It?s placed on the cervix for one minute and what the vinegar does is coagulate the protein so when you have abnormal cells in the cervix it coagulates to become a white lesion that you can see with a naked eye. >> VOICEOVER: Using this test, around 18 percent of the women being screened at this clinic are shown to have abnormal cells in their cervix. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: We do have a positive result, which means there's a white lesion right at 11 to 12 o'clock on the cervix. >> VOICEOVER: This rapid diagnosis leads to immediate treatment. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: Now we will do the cryotherapy. This is a cryo tank. It's filled with carbon dioxide. Here's the cryo tip. The high pressure creates temperatures at minus 68 degrees centigrade. So this will freeze the layer of cells that have the abnormal cells in it, causing that to blister up and be a dead layer of cells that then gets shed by the body over several weeks. >> VOICEOVER: Though the equipment costs three and a half thousand dollars, treatment only costs around a dollar per patient, so it's very cost effective. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: These women usually come from two to three hours away, so doing it in one day is a vital aspect of appropriate screening and treatment in developing countries. >> VOICEOVER: The team manages to screen 110 women and treat 23. But as volunteers, they can't afford to stay any longer. So they've devoted much of their two-week visit to passing on their skills. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: The outcome of this project was really gratifying because I realized that we can send teams not only to other places in Rwanda but other places in Africa and this could be replicated in many developing countries in the world. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/new-device-makes-circumcision-safer Rwanda is introducing a new tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS: an innovative device that makes male circumcision safer and more efficient. If adopted on a large scale, it has the potential to sharply decrease the number of new HIV cases. Wed, 14 Dec 2011 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/new-device-makes-circumcision-safer Rwanda, Circumcision, HIV, Health, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, AIDS, Safe sex, Rockhopper, The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: There is a war against HIV infection and AIDS. This instant blood test reveals the winners and losers. For these teenagers, it's good news - the line in the top box means they're not infected. But the even better news is that they can reduce their chances of ever becoming HIV positive by taking one simple step, a step that could save millions of lives around the world. Circumcision. >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO [Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Health, Rwanda]: Circumcision is the most efficient tool to fight HIV/AIDS. When you are circumcised, you have a 60 percent decrease in the risk to be infected against somebody who is not circumcised when you have risky sex. >> VOICEOVER: This large protective effect was demonstrated by three clinical trials in Sub-Saharan Africa involving 11,000 men. They showed that circumcision reduces HIV infection in heterosexual relationships. This proven effectiveness has prompted the Rwandan Minister of Health to set an ambitious goal. >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO: Our target is to circumcise two million men, adolescent, adult and children, newborn, by the end of 2012. >> VOICEOVER: But how can circumcision on this scale be achieved in countries like Rwanda, where the hospitals and professionals skilled in anesthetics and surgery are in very short supply? Tzameret Fuerst heads a company that has created Prepex, the only circumcision device ready to market which doesn't need anesthetic. >> TZAMERET FUERST [CEO, PrePex]: The Prepex device has been tested in Rwanda for the past year, and the outcome of these studies is a device that can conduct adult male circumcision with no needles, no knives, no loss of blood, safe, simple, and cost-saving adult male circumcision in resource limited settings. The device works on a very simple principle. We essentially stop the flow of blood to the unwanted tissue, which is the foreskin, and the foreskin over the course of a week will dry up, become very, very dry, and then after a week you'll cut that foreskin off in the same way that you'll cut your nails. >> VOICEOVER: The exposed skin becomes tougher, and acts as a stronger barrier against HIV. Jean Paul Bitega, the military surgeon in charge of the Prepex study, explains. >> LT COL JEAN PAUL BITEGA [Head of Clinical Affairs, Kanumbe Military & District Hospital]: A person living without shoes, they have very hard skin. They are walking on stones every day without any wounds. So it's the same thing with the penis. Once you remove the foreskin the probability to have a wound is less. >> VOICEOVER: In a country where there are only three hundred doctors for a population of ten million, Jean Pauls skills are too valuable to be used exclusively for circumcision. Prepex's simplicity means that nurses can replace the doctor after just one week of training. The first task of the nurses is to choose which of five sizes to use. Once the circumcision line is marked, fitting the device is very straightforward. >> TZAMERET FUERST: You place this ring at the base of the penis, insert this ring under the foreskin, so now the foreskin is completely covering the inner ring, bring this elastic ring right on top, and release. The foreskin is trapped under the elastic band stopping the flow of blood to the unwanted foreskin tissue. >> VOICEOVER: The process may look simple, but it should only be done by trained medics. All the men receive group and individual counseling about safe sex. >> TZAMERET FUERST: Its important to remind ourselves that male circumcision is not the silver bullet. It's 60 percent, it's not 100 percent, which is why it's important that it's implemented as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy. >> VOICEOVER: After a week, the men return to have the device removed. >> TZAMERET FUERST: The foreskin will be safely removed using blunt edged scissors that cannot harm the glands, cannot harm the penis in any way. During the whole procedure, really the only point of pain or discomfort is when you're extracting the inner ring, which will be like removing a bandage on a wound. It will be two seconds of pain and pop it's out. >> MAN 1: Im delighted because I didnt feel any pain. I continue to do my job normally with no problem. I am not inconvenienced at all. >> MAN 2: Before the circumcision it was very ugly to see but now my penis is improved. It's very smart! >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO: People leave the circumcision with a smile. Nobody does the traditional expression when you have circumcision, this doesn't happen. >> VOICEOVER: An earlier study of three hundred men has proved that this method is safer, faster and cheaper than conventional surgical circumcision. And it's urgently needed. >> TZAMERET FUERST: Every 16 seconds someone dies of AIDS. So the impact is phenomenal. We're talking about roughly 4 million lives that can be saved over the next decade or so. >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO: My dream is for Rwanda, and Africa and even the rest of the world as a whole, being more safe by having the males circumcised and have less risk to be infected by HIV. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ramkeshari-and-renu Ramkeshari Shrethsa has been teaching women in Kathmandu about family planning for nearly two decades, since before climate change decimated the once-clockwork rainy season. Ramkeshari's daughter Renu is studying for a career in family planning education and believes it decreases the demand for shrinking natural resources. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 12:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ramkeshari-and-renu Nepal, Family planning, Health education, Health, Reproductive health, Maternal health, Kathmandu, Environment, Climate change, Himalayas >> TITLE: Kathmandu, Nepal >> RAMKESHARI SHRESTHA: I started working in family planning about eighteen years ago. When we would go to temple people would have eight, nine, or six kids. At first it was difficult to go door to door. It was difficult to talk to people about condoms. Now it's very easy. Without me asking, they come to my house for family planning. It is very healthy for women. When there are fewer kids, it means less food and clothes. It's also good for the environment because we don't demand too much from it. Times have changed. We used to be shy about these subjects. The children today don't have any problem talking about it. >> RENU SHRESTHA: What people need the most is education. With education people can decide what is wrong and what is right. Consequently, they will become more conscious of the future. >> RAMKESHARI SHRESTHA: My daughter likes the work I do, so she comes with me. It makes me really happy that she has an interest in my work. >> RENU SHRESTHA: I'm very inspired by my mom. That's why I got involved. My mother would work all day without food in her stomach, all for the sake of our community. Her sacrifice inspired me to do the same thing. >> RAMKESHARI SHRESTHA: I'm so proud of her. I feel like she is the reward for my service. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-sarada Infrequent rains have dried out the soil in parts of Nepal's terai, a region of rolling plains on the Indian border where Sarada Chaudhary lives, and an expanding population has meant more trees felled for firewood. Yet Sarada sees great potential in the women in her group to improve their own lives, and also to help preserve the forest. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 11:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-sarada Nepal, Health, Family planning, Birth control, Deforestation, Maternal health, Rain, Reproductive health, Dang Deukhuri District, Climate change >> TITLE: Dang, Nepal >> SARADA CHAUDHARY: From my experience in the last fifteen years or so the temperature and the rainfall has changed a lot. Now it does rain, but it's not during the normal season. When we think it will rain, it doesn't. The rainfall is random. So it has really affected our farming. About twenty-five percent of us have enough food. The others go to India to do menial work. The situation for women is poor. All of the responsibility is on them. The majority of men here go to the Gulf or India for work. Women have to cook, so they have to collect the wood. If there is no wood, how will we cook? Before we could get wood close by, but now we have to walk one and a half hours to get wood. Because of population growth, the forest has been disappearing. In about fifty years, I think this place will turn to desert. When I went and talked to women about family planning and conservation of the forest they would ask if I could provide them with resources. There is a great need for family planning. Even women from India come here for contraceptives. The girls from here who married men in India would take a year's worth of contraceptives with them. Women should be empowered. They should have knowledge about every field, whether it is education, health, or climate change. The environment is connected to our lives. I can see how we are being affected and I'm worried about the future generation. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-fatima Fatima Said Yesuf's family lost everything in a flash flood. They now live with about 20 other families in a relocation camp of corrugated metal shacks covered with plastic tarps. She has turned to family planning keep from becoming pregnant again, so she can focus on raising the six daughters she already has. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 10:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-fatima Ethiopia, Birth control, Wollo Province, Health, Maternal health, Family planning, Reproductive health, Population Action International >> TITLE: Wollo, Ethiopia >> FATIMA SAID YESUF: I was asleep during the rain. As you know, sleep and death are the same. We were in a deep sleep. The water came in the house and over the bed. The touch of the water woke me up. I screamed to wake up my family. The baby was under water. And my husband didn't see her because he was barely awake. We just managed to get her out of the house. It was so sudden. I've never seen anything like it in my life. Because of the flood, the kids always have nightmares. We were resettled in this camp. They gave us fifteen kilos of wheat per person. My husband works as a laborer to feed our family of eight. I'm nursing a baby so I can't get work to help support the family. There is so much work to be done at home. I cook, I prepare coffee, I bake injera, and I fetch water. There isn't a single break all day. I went to the clinic because we were sick. And there I heard them talking about family planning, about different methods. They said, "If you need family planning, come talk with us." They told us we could receive different choices like injections and pills. The first few children I had were girls. We wanted to have a boy. But we continued having girls. Six of them. I decided having more would create suffering. With more children, my life was not improving. So I have decided to make family planning my goal. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ayneshet Ayneshet, a health extension worker in Ethiopia, is dedicated to educating women about the benefits of family planning. She helps women realize that reducing the number of births decreases the chances of complications and increases the likelihood of rising from poverty. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 09:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ayneshet Ethiopia, Family planning, Health, Maternal health, Wollo Province, Birth control, Environment, Climate change, Reproductive health, Community health worker >> TITLE: Wollo, Ethiopia >> AYNESHET GUBENA [Health Extension Worker, Ethiopia]: My name is Ayneshet Gubena and I'm a health extension worker. I have a program to go to the village twice a week. There are 15 neighborhoods in this locality and a lot of the women come to us. A woman at the age of twenty or twenty-five, when she becomes a mother of four or five children, clothing and schooling them is difficult. Therefore, if they use family planning, they can reduce poverty. That's what I think, and I'm sure it will in the future. There was a low willingness to use family planning in the past. I would go door to door and they would denounce family planning. They wanted to give birth and raise them by the virtue of luck. Once they are born, God will provide for children. They had that belief. But now we have educated them that this is harmful. This belief harms the mother and the family economy. Women suffer a lot. They have a great burden. They lose a lot of blood during childbirth. They get weak when they have children one after the other. There can be bleeding, leading to death. Because of this I want to work closely with them and to teach them about family planning. I'm really happy when I see women's lives improve. Whether it is family planning or anything. It's great to see them at a better place in their life. It's great to see them with a healthy baby. When there are no problems, and there is love in the family, it makes me very happy to see. I love it. It really makes me happy. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/where-the-water-meets-the-sky Written by Jordan Roberts (March of the Penguins) and narrated by Academy Award&reg;-winner Morgan Freeman, Where the Water Meets the Sky tells the inspiring story of a group of women in a remote region of Northern Zambia who achieve the unimaginable: they learn how to make a film as a way to speak out about their lives, raising an issue that no one will discuss - the plight of young women orphaned by AIDS. Fri, 04 Nov 2011 08:23:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/where-the-water-meets-the-sky Zambia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Gender, Samfya, AIDS, Africa, Technology, AIDS orphan, Lake Bangweulu, HIV >> VOICEOVER: In a remote region in northern Zambia, deep in the Congo River Basin, is a lake with a perfect name. In the local language, they call this place "Bangweulu", which means, "Where the water meets the sky." Built along the shores of this lake is the town of Samfya. Home to mostly fishermen and their families, it is one of the poorest places in the country. Abibata Mahama and Dominique Chadwick are filmmakers and teachers, and this is their first time in Zambia. And they're traveling the 300 miles from the capital to find some new students. Their goal is simple - to bring together a group of women and girls and ask them to speak out about their lives. But they won't just be talking with each other. If the project succeeds, a group of women from Samfya will be heard by their entire community. And they'll be sharing their views in an altogether different way, using a tool that most here have never seen before. >> TITLE: Where the Water Meets the Sky >> ABIBATA MAHAMA [Project Co-Director]: When we got to Samfya, in northern Zambia, we decided to get a group of women and girls together from different backgrounds. >> VOICEOVER: The search for their new filmmaking students begins at a local high school. Here, the head teacher has found seven young women keen to join up. Their next stop is the Samfya market, where fresh fish and local produce are sold daily, mostly by women whose average income is less than a dollar a day. Here, they find two young women selling vegetables who agree to take part. Their final stop is a fishing camp on the edge of town, the poorest area in Samfya. The people here live in straw huts without electricity or running water. Very few have ever attended school, and most cannot read or write. At first, the women seem reluctant. But with a little encouragement from Mabel, the project coordinator, here too they have success. >> MAN: They're saying, "We've just come for the women", so we asked, "What about the men?" And they said, "No, no men, it's just for women." So we said, "Things will be difficult for us, looking after the children, washing, cooking for ourselves." But we're allowing them to go ahead and do their work. >> MABEL [Project Coordinator]: This Agnes, this is Anna, this is Lillian, then she is Beatrice, she is Anastasia, this is...I've forgotten your name. Doreen, okay, and this is Royda. So we have about seven from the fishing camp. Don't worry; we'll bring them back later today. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK [Project Co-Director]: I'm Dominique, and I work together with Abibata to run some training for women. We're going to teach you how to use a camera so you can make films that will tell your stories. Once you make a film, produce a film, you can show it to your family, then to your community, to your village, to the other communities in Zambia, and then to the outside world as well. This thing is a microphone, and it takes the sounds, what you hear. >> VOICEOVER: Only half the population of Samfya has electricity, there are no cinemas, and few people own televisions. Although most of the women in the group have never seen a camera or a microphone before, in just three weeks they will produce a film to show the people of Samfya. >> MWELWA [Project Coordinator]: This thing you see here, it records the sound. For example, what I'm saying now, this thing can capture it. >> ABIGAIL [Student]: In the beginning, I was scared of holding these things. I was even scared of getting close to them. But now I have learned they are not difficult to use. And I'm ready to work with them. My life has been like this: I was born in a rich family. But my father wasn't looking after my mother, so we decided to leave our village and went to live with my aunt. I noticed my mother started changing. Every now and again she would go into hospital. So, then in 1995, I think I was in grade two, my mother's illness got worse. So I said, "What are we going to do?" She said, "We'll just leave it alone and God will look after us." My grandfather said, "Daughter, your illness is getting worse. Please bring Abby so she can start living here." So that's how I went to live in Mabumba. One year went by. In 1997, we got a letter saying that my mother had passed away in Lubwe hospital. So I said to myself, "Now that my mother has died, what am I going to do?" And so I left the house and I went to the bush, where I stayed for two days. While I was there, I just cried. >> WOMAN: Through our suffering, we've looked after her. Whatever we had to eat, we shared with her. Whatever we had, we gave her, to make sure she grew up well. I want her to live well and be settled in life, to take care of herself and be independent. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: So you position them and make sure that the camera doesn't face the sun. So put them somewhere, maybe there. >> BRIDGET [Student]: The thing that pleased me the most was how to use the camera for filming. I never knew how to use a camera. I would see people filming and just admire from afar. They would be showing off, not letting anyone touch it. Now I'm happy because I have learned how to use a camera. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Who else wants to take the camera, and what else does the person want to do? >> ANASTASIA: I want someone to go over there and talk. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Okay, so press the red. Ask her to press the red button. Good. You see that is dark, because they are in the shade. >> VOICEOVER: After their first introduction to the cameras, the group must now turn their attention to themselves. The women are encouraged to open up about their lives here in Samfya. >> MWELWA: Let's talk about issues for our film that could make a big impact. After we make the film we'll take it to the villages. It will bring a message and help teach people. Can you see us doing this? >> MWELWA: It was difficult for some of the women in the group, because they had never shared their life stories with anyone. In our Bemba tradition, from the time one is born, it is customary for women not to speak their minds in front of men. Women are not given the opportunity to speak out about their problems, or other things that affect people's lives in the villages, so they're not used to speaking out for themselves. >> MABEL: Ladies, we've come together to talk about the hardships we're going through. The problems that we go through, ladies, are many. We have to talk about them. So now is the time to be open. We don't get opportunities like this everyday. >> LYRIEN [Student]: I really wanted to go to school but my father died early, and there were ten of us, but my mother couldn't look after all of us so we were forced to get married early. All we have found in our marriages is suffering. >> AGNES [Student]: With AIDS you could be a married woman, sitting at home being faithful, while your husband sleeps around and brings you the illness. >> FRIEDA [Student]: What can we do so that this disease goes away? Children are suffering because their parents have brought this disease. What can we do to reduce the impact of parents dying from AIDS? Had it not been for the parents bringing in the illness, they wouldn't need to turn to prostitution and we wouldn't see our communities filled with orphans. >> FRIEDA: Because women here don't talk about the problems we're faced with, we've been held back. But if we spoke out about the problems we're faced with, it would lead to progress for the women in our society. I am happy to be a member of this group of women, because this group is helping us to talk to each other and to share ideas and explain the problems we are facing. It brings me a great deal of concern, this disease of AIDS. The reason I'm talking about this is because it's gripped my heart. If I were to die of AIDS, what would happen to my children? Will they be like those children of other dead parents who have to struggle with all sorts of problems and maybe become street kids because they don't have anyone to help them? All of these are challenges. >> VOICEOVER: It's their second day. The women must now focus on their film and decide which story it will tell. >> MWELWA: Now we should talk and tell each other stories, things that have happened to you, your family, or your friends. From all of these stories, we will choose one story that will suit us best. >> LYRIEN: In grade three, I was only allowed to stay for half the year. Then I was told, "You will no longer be going to school. You always come back late from school and it doesn't leave enough time for you to work at home." >> WOMAN: I left the village and came to my sister's place here in Samfya. I've been trying to earn money by selling fish but it has not been easy. >> VOICEOVER: As the women share stories from their lives, one story emerges which strikes a chord with them all. >> JOSEPHINE [Student]: My friend was born into a very happy and rich family, whereby the parents were able to support her with everything she needs at school. Just as she reached grade five, her parents died of AIDS. >> VOICEOVER: The story of Josephine's friend Penelope brings up an issue familiar to every member of the group: the plight of young women orphaned by AIDS. But in a community where AIDS is rarely spoken about in public, no one knows if Penelope will be willing to talk about her experience, especially in front of a camera. Penelope is a student at a local high school. The group asks Mabel, the project coordinator, to try and find her. >> MABEL: So are you okay with being open and telling your story? >> PENELOPE [Student]: Let me tell my friends to look after my books. >> MABEL: You don't need to be afraid; you can be open with them. You can explain everything. Are you ready? >> PENELOPE: My name is Penelope. I was born into a rich family. My parents died a long time ago, when I was in grade five. When I joined this group, I explained everything that had happened to me. I came from a great family. My father was a miner. He became ill when I was eight years old, and then he died. One year passed, and then my mother died. Before she died, she explained that she too was going to die. She said, "Your father's death certificate says he died of AIDS, so I'm also going to die of AIDS." She died when I was ten. After my mom died, we didn't have a source of food, so my older sister started taking what was left in the house and exchanged it for food. After everything in the house was sold, she started sleeping with men who would provide us with food. After that, my sister also became sick and died. When my sister died, my aunty came to get us to go and live with her in a fishing camp. >> PENELOPE: My uncle would go fishing, and when he came back, we had to take the fish to the market. >> VOICEOVER: With Penelope now a member of the group, filming can soon begin. Their film will raise issues that affect them all. >> FRIEDA: Penelope's story is similar to mine because when she lost her father they grabbed all the property and left them with nothing. That's the same thing that happened to me. >> BRIDGET: I was seven years old when my father died. My father's family came and took everything. Everything. So when I heard what had happened to Penelope, I felt really bad, and I thought, "I'm not the only one this has happened to." >> ABIGAIL: I know that many of us here in this group have lost both parents to AIDS. Both my parents are gone. Victoria lost her parents; Josephine's lost her parents. Bridget lost her father and Exildah lost her parents too. >> MWELWA: The way I see it, it's not easy for Penelope to reveal how her parents died of AIDS. But our friend is courageous enough to stand in front of our group and is prepared to share her story. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: We asked you to think about somebody who is between twelve and thirteen years who looks like Penelope. Can you see their faces? Do they look alike? This is Cindy, and in their drama Cindy is going to act Penelope when Penelope was between twelve and thirteen. >> PENELOPE: So you will act the part when my parents died from AIDS. You take your bags and go live in the fishing camp. There you will catch fish with your aunt. So you will act these parts and I will follow up when I'm older. >> CINDY [Actress]: Now is this a true story? >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Yes, it's her story. I think you look enough alike. Thank you, that'll be great. >> VOICEOVER: The filming of Penelope's story begins, and they're heading to the fishing camp, home to some of the women from the group. Their camp is a perfect setting for a scene from Penelope's life. After her parents died she went to live with her aunt in a camp much like this one. >> MABEL: Hello, nice to see you again. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: How did you collect this, with your hands? >> PENELOPE: With my hands. You will start throwing them there. After finishing sweeping, she could be throwing them there. >> LYRIEN: Action! >> MABEL: Make sure you don't cut off her head. Point up, point up. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Because the person whose story is being told is around, we make sure that she checks because it is her story. She owns the story, so she checks to make sure that everything that is being said is authentic. >> PENELOPE: I've even explained to my brother that, well, he should look so sad to show that life has changed. You have moved into a community - to a fishing camp - so life has changed. So you have to show sadness. They have done very well, they have done very well. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: So you must tell them. You must say thanks. >> PENELOPE: Thank you, you've done great work. >> TITLE: Agnes >> AGNES: Today was really great because I took my first photograph. I was really happy that I could learn to zoom in and out, what to press, how to open the lens in front, and how to switch it on. That made me really happy. I asked them to show my husband what I had filmed, and they showed him, and he said, "Wow, did she do that?" And they told him, "Yes". He said, "She has learned," and I felt really good. Penelope's story is similar to mine. The death of her parents reminded me of when my dad died. I really wanted to go to school, but my mother was alone and couldn't send me. For Penelope as well, she didn't have support to go to school, so her story touched me. There are lots of problems here, like buying clothes and blankets for my children, and now one should be in school, but she can't and this hurts me. We had her registered and she wants to start school, but we can't afford a uniform. At school they don't take children unless they have a uniform. I wish all the children here could go to school. It would be good if they could work in offices. We won't have the chance, but they should. They should progress in life. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: So what do you do when the camera is not straight? You just undo that and you hold the camera. >> MAKUKA: Oh baby! She doesn't want her mommy off having fun. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Is that your baby? >> MAKUKA: Yeah, yeah. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: You go and feed him, feed her. Who wants to do camera? >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: People settle on different things. Some people will automatically say that, "I want to be on the camera." Somebody will say, "I want to be the sound person"; "I want to be the director." So they don't all go for one thing. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: When you think it's ready, you say, "Action," quite loud. >> MAKUKA: Action! >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Take control. >> ELIZABETH [Student]: No! >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Director, take control. Find out whether your sound is okay, your camera's okay. >> MAKUKA: Are we recording? >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Please go back. Then you ask your cameraperson to roll before you say "Action". >> MAKUKA: Oh, I thought it was just a try. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: No, no. We are going for a take now. >> MAKUKA: We are recording. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Okay, okay. So ask everybody to stand by. >> MAKUKA: Be on standby, please! Action! >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: I can see that they are progressing, and they are happy, and they are eager. They are using technology to tell their own story, and they're really happy about it. I'm very optimistic that at the end of the day they will have a very good story that they will be proud of. And we will also be proud of them. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Shout, "Cut!" >> MAKUKA: Cut! >> ELIZABETH: That's what we want! >> VOICEOVER: The next location is the Samfya market, a challenging place for filmmakers, especially for those with only a few days' experience. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Directors, once the camera is recording, you people shouldn't be talking. When you go back and you play, you see that all your noise will be there. And when you are actually filming, you don't need that. So once she says, "Sound ready. Camera ready. The actor is ready" and you say, "Record. Action", all the crewmembers should stop talking. And the one controlling the crowd, if there's somebody making unnecessary noise, you go and drive those people away. >> VOICEOVER: After moving in with her aunt, Penelope had no choice but to leave school and sell fish in the market. But she would earn very little money. By this time, her situation had become desperate. >> PENELOPE: At the market, I would bump into my friends who were also orphans. They said, "You are wasting your time here at the market." I saw how well they looked and I thought I could join them. I thought maybe if I go into the same work as my friends it might help me. But my friends hadn't told me what work they were doing. That's when they showed me the house and said, "This is where you should come." I became a prostitute when I was 14 years old. What made me become a prostitute was hunger at home. I didn't want to be a prostitute, but the hardship had become extreme so I did what my friends were doing. The men didn't treat me very well. When I said, "Let's use a condom," they would be very difficult. They would say, "What makes you think you're so special?" When I saw that I wasn't earning enough money with the condoms I could have started doing it without using them, like my friends. Maybe now I would be sick, like my friends. Prostitution is a big problem here in Samfya because there are so many orphans. There's so much AIDS here, it's as if it was born here. When AIDS takes the parents then their children suffer, then they become prostitutes, and if they have children, it will just continue. When people see this film they will see the truth. This gives me the strength to continue with this work. Sometimes I want to stop because what I am acting is difficult, but then I think, "I'm not the only one that this has happened to." There are others who are going through the same situation. Let this film teach them. >> VOICEOVER: With help from Benjamin Chama, the headmaster of a local school, Penelope's ordeal came to an end. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: I've seen so many girls fall into this trap of trying to get money. They go into bars, they will stay in the bars with their friends, they will be abused so much, and they will end up maybe getting HIV/AIDS and it will result in death, most of the time. When I first met Penelope, she was in a group of friends. I think those friends did not really want to have anything to do with me because they knew I was headmaster of a school. But Penelope stopped, I could see that she was quite a polite child and maybe she had just gone wayward because of the influence of the friends. So I offered that she should come back into school, and I could see the radiance in her face. This is a child that was very, very happy! I have in the school, a school of about 1,700 pupils, about 500 orphaned children here. And most of these, you know, it's as a result of HIV and AIDS. As the school head, I have now become a counselor to these children, because I think they need to be given encouragement that they can continue, despite losing their parents. My greatest hope is that every child in this school will finish their education. That will be, I think, I will die a happy man. >> STUDENTS: [Singing] Stand and sing of Zambia, proud and free, land of work and joy in unity. Victors in the struggle for their rights. We've won freedom's fight. All one, strong and free. >> VOICEOVER: With only a few days left before they show their film to the people of Samfya, the women double their efforts to finish on time. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: It's really amazing - you see that in the first place, they are coming from different backgrounds. They don't know the people they are coming to work with. But once you bring them together, then there's a kind of unity, a kind of force among them. The women we bring together, they have to believe and trust that we can guide them to come out with a film at the end of the day. >> JOSEPHINE: Action! >> PENELOPE: How are you? >> MAN: What are you doing? Don't you know that prostitution can lead to HIV? >> CHRISTINE: Is this one your brother? >> PENELOPE: He's my brother. >> CHRISTINE: I want to tell you that there's nothing like that. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Okay, what was the sound like? >> FRIEDA: Nice. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Nice? Okay. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: And we have to believe that no matter where they are coming from, the skills that they are going to be given, they can use it to get their voices heard. >> BRIDGET: I've seen a big change in myself because before this group I didn't know how to find a story, or how to find out about other people's lives, how to ask questions. I've never had this kind of strength, but now that I've been in this group I can stand up and talk in front of people in English or in Bemba. I can talk and they can hear me. Now I can do it and I won't even be shaking. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: The VCT scene is a very, very important scene in the film because it will inform people of the urgency to be tested. >> VOICEOVER: Samfya has one the highest rates of HIV infection in all of Zambia, a country where one in six adults lives with the disease. Life expectancy here is under 40. The group has come to a local clinic to film the last major scene of Penelope?s story. She came here as a 16-year-old to be tested for HIV. >> PENELOPE: I was 16 years old when I realized that it is important for me to go for the test at the VCT Center. Because I know that through my background, I was a prostitute, and I realized that the men I was sleeping with, I couldn't tell just by looking at them. So, in order for me to be free in mind, I should go and have a test. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Okay. Action! >> NURSE: How are you? >> PENELOPE: I'm okay, how are you? >> NURSE: I'm fine, thank you. So, you've come for the test. There's one thing I want to find out from you. Have you ever been exposed to any risk factors? >> PENELOPE: Yes. >> NURSE: Was there protection or there was no protection? What I mean is, were you using a condom, or were you not using a condom, each time you used to have sexual intercourse? >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: People have gotten to know other people and they are becoming friends, becoming a family, so it's not that she's just acting, but we have feelings attached to it. And people are sharing her pains; people are sharing everything that she went through. Because she is reliving all that she went through, and that is not easy for her to have gone through that and now reliving it for the film to be made. >> NURSE: Okay. Your results are out. Are you ready for your results? >> PENELOPE: Yes. >> NURSE: Okay, here you are. I see that it says "one", that means it is HIV negative. >> PENELOPE: Yes. >> NURSE: So what do you understand about HIV -- >> MAN: There is an event this evening, at 7:00pm tonight, a film made by women from Samfya. For those of you who like joy and learning, at 7:00pm tonight, a film will be shown, made by women here in Samfya. The film is called, "I've Found My Way." >> VOICEOVER: On the day of the film's first showing, the women decide to get the word out on their own. >> PENELOPE: At 7:00pm there will be a film shown tonight. It tells the story of how orphans are mistreated and what our community can do about the problem. >> ABIGAIL: This film is made by the Samfya Women Filmmakers. We are teaching one another, and we're teaching our friends. >> MWELWA: We don't know how people will react after seeing our film, or how they will look at us as a group, and especially how they will respond to our friend whose story we are telling. >> WOMAN: If you have time, we hope you can come and watch it at the high school. >> VOICEOVER: With only a few hours before the screening of their film, Penelope returnS to the village where she lived with her parents, to the place where her family home once stood. >> PENELOPE: When my parents were alive my life was good. I'll never forget how close we were with my father's relatives, but when death came to my parents, my father's family changed. They came and took our beds so we had to sleep on the floor. We used to have a TV and a stereo, and although the house didn't have any electricity, those things made the house look good. The fact that they grabbed everything wasn't easy, but what could we do apart from accept what's been done? I would like my father's family who grabbed our property to see my story. This is my cousin. This is my auntie, the sister to my father. We are going to show a film about what happened to me at the high school at 7:00pm tonight. Will you be able to come and see it? >> WOMAN [Penelope's Aunt]: I can't come because I am too busy. The farmland your father left is a long way off and I don't have time. >> PENELOPE: I just pretend to be happy when I'm near them. If you could get inside my head when I sat with them, then you could have seen what I was thinking. The thought of them grabbing our property still haunts me. When I'm talking to them I can still picture them taking things from our house. That's what's stayed in my mind; I don't know how to get rid of it. >> VOICEOVER: At Penelope's request, their film's premiere will take place at a local school. It will be the first film ever produced in Samfya. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: It's really brave of her. Not everybody in this school knows Penelope's story. But today, after the screening, everybody will leave knowing that, "Oh, this is what she's gone through." >> ABIGAIL: When I think about how Penelope has shown us all her suffering, I want to urge people to give her the respect she wants and deserves. It has been difficult for her to tell her story. It is not easy to tell people what you've been through, but I'm hopeful that people will respect her for it. >> PENELOPE: I'm Penelope and I'm from Samfya in northern Zambia. My parents were very supportive and loving. But one day, my father died of AIDS and that's when my mother disclosed to us, me and my brother, that she is also going to die. It is so difficult to believe that your beloved one has died. Then, our auntie came and she offered to take me in her fishing community, but my aunt didn't have enough income to support me to school, so I had to start selling fish at the market. My friends, who are also orphans, they've engaged themselves in prostitution. When those friends came, they passed through the market and they started saying that, "We are making a lot of money". So I was eventually convinced to join them in prostitution. I was in prostitution for three months, but I wasn't a happy prostitute. My auntie wanted me to stop prostitution so she went to see the head teacher. So one day, I met him in town. He said that if I'm ready to stop prostitution, he could help me in school. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: I met your aunt yesterday. She came to see me at the office. She's very, you know, worried about you. Are you willing to come back to school, Penelope? >> PENELOPE: "I'm very much willing, sir. If that could happen, I could be the happiest person in the world!" Because I engaged myself in prostitution, I was worried that I might be infected with AIDS. So I decided to go to the VCT Center to be tested. >> NURSE: So what do you understand about HIV negative result? >> PENELOPE: In my body, you have not found the germ [virus] that causes AIDS. >> PENELOPE: So now I'm back at school. I'm now a changed person. It was because of poverty that I left school and engaged in prostitution. I'm now very happy because I have a future. My story needs to be told to show people how vulnerable orphans are, and nobody should take advantage of them. >> VOICEOVER: As the film draws to an end, the women sense an opportunity. Without prompting, they take to the stage one by one. >> FRIEDA: All the people who made the film are here, and you can start asking questions. >> WOMAN 1: From what I've heard, when you have HIV/AIDS your life is very short. Is it true? >> PENELOPE: Yes, this is true, but the problem is us young people are scared of the VCT Center. We think it's just for adults. But as the film showed, young people like us can go there too. >> WOMAN 2: This shows us that leaving the house and going into prostitution is a very bad thing. Prostitution involves some real dangers. You can get all kinds of sickness and it can end in death. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: I don't think most of them will ever forget today. Most of them spoke so confidently, and it's all part of what the whole filmmaking and advocacy is all about. Build their confidence up so that their confidently talk about contributing to change attitudes. And I think it's really working. >> FRIEDA: We appreciate your comments; we'd like to hear more. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: That was very nice, you know, that film that we watched. I want to thank you for being very brave. Thank you for a job well done. Thank you. >> VOICEOVER: With the success of their premiere, other screenings soon follow across Samfya. >> PENELOPE: At the end, people were passing some comments and I was happy that the comments they were passing, they were good. They didn't know that in Samfya, there would be a group like this. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: The things you've seen do happen in our village, right? Especially to orphans, when property is grabbed from them. >> MAN: This film is very good. Next time, I would like even more information. >> PENELOPE: I'm proud because we want to make a difference. So even my fellow friends, they are proud. >> WOMAN: Stop making noise! We're really thankful for being shown this film. We never expected to see a film like this in Samfya and we really want to thank the people who made it. >> VOICEOVER: After their screenings in town, the women have one important audience left to face. They bring their film back to the people of the fishing camp, to the husbands and children of their fellow filmmakers. >> PENELOPE: Making a film about your life story is not easy, but if you really put your heart into it you can explain everything, because if you keep something to yourself it becomes a burden on your heart. But if you share it with people it becomes lighter. Because of our film, by telling my story, and showing the film to people, my heart has slowly, slowly started to open up. Because of this, I started forgiving my father's relatives. People say, you never forget, but I'm putting the past behind me. >> AGNES: I want to thank those people who picked us up. We never imagined that we would do what we have done, and for that we are on our knees. >> MAN 1: This group has been really good, and they've enlightened us. We've seen firsthand what happens when you leave a child and the child is suffering. I want to say thank you. You who have come to visit us have brought us happiness; you've left us with joy. >> MAN 2: Orphans like me used to shed tears when we saw other kids with their parents, seeing them happy together. This used to bring us misery thinking back to those times when we were with our parents who we've lost. I really want to thank this group, and I'm left speechless. And I ask this group, are we going to see you again? >> SIGN: Sweet After Sweat Shopping Center >> AGNES: This project has brought joy to us women in Samfya, especially us women in the Samfya Women Filmmakers. People in other areas who are not in this group are really envious, and they say they want to join us. Others came to us and said, "It's great what you're doing. You should make more films, you shouldn't stop." I'm hoping this group will continue. Just like a fire, when it's burning, it should keep on burning. >> TITLE: Abigail graduated from high school. She hopes to study business in Zambia's capital, Lusaka. Cindy is finishing primary school. She wants to be a lawyer one day. Frieda cares for three young relatives and her five-year-old daughter. She wants to be a teacher and hopes to begin training soon. Agnes has started her own small business selling vegetables. She is now in school taking literacy classes. Bridget cares for her sister's three young children and her own daughter. She has been elected secretary of the group and is studying social work. Penelope graduated from high school. She has started her own small business and hopes to start teacher training soon. >> TITLE: The Samfya Women Filmmakers went on to show their film to over 3,000 people across their community. The group is already at work on their next film, a documentary about child marriage. This project was made possible by The Campaign for Female Education. For more information about how you can help educate and empower girls and women in rural Africa, visit www.camfed.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-edge-of-joy Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, has the second-highest number of maternal deaths in the world. The Edge of Joy follows doctors, midwives, nurses, and public health educators as they fight maternal death on every front, from preemptive family planning education to expanded blood transfusion services. Mon, 24 Oct 2011 08:06:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-edge-of-joy Nigeria, West Africa, Maternal health, Health, Reproductive health, Pregnancy, Maternal death, Family planning, Blood transfusion, Islam >> TITLE: Hafliwa Maganin Mutuwa >> TITLE: "Birth is the medicine for death" - Hausa Proverb >> TITLE: Kano, Nigeria >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: At about 5:30am, my wife Aisha gave birth at home. I rushed to borrow a car from my friend and took her and the baby to the local hospital. >> AISHA AMIRU: Aisha was bleeding. I poured lots of water over her. But it didn't help, and the bleeding got worse. Honestly, when we brought her to the hospital, in her own words she kept saying she was going to die, she was going to die. >> TITLE: Brown Doggy Pictures, in association with Woodlawn Avenue Productions, present: The Edge of Joy. >> VOICEOVER: Nigeria is Africa's most populous country. Its 140 million citizens are divided almost equally between Muslims in the dry desert north and Christians in the lush south. Nigeria is a land of extremes. The West African country is blessed with some of the world's richest natural resources, and is best known as America's fifth largest oil supplier. But this isn't the story of oil. This is the untold story of more than 36,000 Nigerian women who die each year while trying to have babies. This is the second highest number of maternal deaths in the world. Battling this daily crisis are Nigerian families and healthcare professionals working on the frontlines of maternal health. >> TITLE: Kano, Northern Nigeria >> SIGN: Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital >> SIGN: Labor room >> DR. BELLO DIKKO [Chief of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital]: So you are welcome to the labor room of Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital. It's one of the busiest maternity centers you can find in all of West Africa. There is at least an average of 30 deliveries in 24 hours, normal deliveries. >> VOICEOER: Dr. Bello Dikko is head of obstetrics and gynecology at Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital in the northern Islamic state of Kano, one of the most difficult and dangerous regions in which to be a woman. >> SIGN: Dawn shall not fall twice on a woman in labor >> TITLE: Sakina Muhammed: mother of two, in labor with twins >> AISHA BUKAR [Nurse Midwife]: I was trying to explain to her that she should bear down because she is carrying a multiple pregnancy. >> VOICEOVER: Sakina delivered her first two children at home. More than half of Nigerian women give birth outside the hospital. During this pregnancy, Sakina heard radio messages about free maternity services for prenatal care and delivery, and told her husband Muhammed. >> MUHAMMED MAKA [Sakina's Husband]: My name is Muhammed Maka. At home there is the possibility of encountering problems, so going to the hospital has its advantages. >> AISHA BUKAR: We notice she's very weak, so we set up IV 5 percent dextrose for her. >> MUHAMMED MAKA: I brought my wife Sakina to the hospital on a Saturday, and she gave birth to twins on Sunday. The first twin was a girl. >> AISHA BUKAR: No contractions, nothing. So we add just a little pitocin for her in order to encourage her to start having the pains so that she can expel the [second] fetus. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Because of the associated complications, the second delivery should not exceed five to ten minutes. >> AISHA BUKAR: She was telling me that the presenting part of that patient, the second twin, is breach [feet first] presentation. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Breach delivery, especially in a multiple pregnancy, is a very complicated delivery. There is a need for a qualified OB/GYN doctor. >> AISHA BUKAR: We even called the doctor but he was not here. But if she is about to deliver we can take the delivery. We do it. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: The team on call -- we usually have four. Two of them must be on the ground, the doctor on duty and the first on call. So if these two are on the ground, they may likely be in the theater. So what will happen is they cannot unscrub. That is an emergency. This is an emergency. >> SIGN: Post-partum hemorrhage >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Hemorrhage in obstetrics is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. >> MUHAMMED MAKA: Sakina labored in pain before the second baby was born. It was close to an hour before the boy was born. He came forth having problems. >> AISHA BUKAR: He has very severe aesphesia. We need oxygen now and we don't have oxygen. I don't want the baby to die. I don't want her to miss that baby. That is why I try with all my effort to be able to help her or to help the baby too. We cannot leave him like this. He has to see a pediatric doctor. The [pediatric] unit is far. >> SIGN: Emergency Pediatric Unit >> MUHAMMED MAKA: My son needed medical attention, and we rushed into the emergency pediatric ward. >> VOICEOVER: While the second twin was being stabilized, Sakina's condition worsened. She was diagnosed with post-partum hemorrhage. >> FARIDA BABALLE [Head Nurse-Midwife, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital]: She lost a lot of blood. She's a bit anemic. She has to receive a blood transfusion. They gave her this bio-plasma, about two liters, and then they gave her normal saline. I think with that, it can take her up to six hours. One of our main problems here is how to get blood. The husband has to go and donate. Before, we normally asked the Red Cross, they mobilized people to come and donate blood to the hospital. But now, due to HIV, we stopped. They have to go and check the blood group of the husband. Then they compare it to see if it's the same as hers. If it's not the same blood group -- >> MAN: "A" positive. Not the same. >> FARIDA BABALLE: -- the husband must buy the blood. So all these things take time, and delay, and it causes the death of the woman. That is the largest cause of death of the women here. >> VOICEOVER: Muhammed's search for Sakina's rare blood type took him to surrounding hospitals and private blood suppliers. One pint of blood costs 10,000 Naira, or USD$68. The average Nigerian makes about USD$94 a month. >> TITLE: Three hours later >> SIGN: Blood bag >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: It is really disheartening to see a patient dying from a preventable cause. As far as I'm concerned, hemorrhage is a preventable cause. >> SIGN: Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital >> VOICEOVER: Sakina received a blood transfusion in time to save her life. >> TITLE: Two days later >> TITLE: Sakina and Muhammed's second twin >> TITLE: Fatima, Sakina's mother >> WOMAN: I don't think the baby is alive. I don't think. >> MUHAMMED MAKA: We have a teaching in the religion of Islam that states, "What Allah gives, belongs to him. And what he takes also belongs to him." All of us are from Allah, and at some point, sooner or later, we shall all return to Allah. Even though we know it hurts, we can only accept its outcome. >> WOMAN: Now on examination there is color, she is pink, not dehydrated. Then the BP is 100/70 so at least it's okay. >> VOICEOVER: After eight days in the hospital, Sakina and her surviving twin daughter went home. >> TITLE: Oyo, Southern Nigeria >> SIGN: College of Medicine, University of Ibadan >> VOICEOVER: Professor Oladosu Ojengbede is Director of the Center for Population and Reproductive Health. He is one of the continent's premier women's health physicians. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE [Center for Population and Reproductive Health]: One of the reasons I got into medicine was that obstetrics was a very practical subject. There's a problem, you see it, you solve it, you're happy, the family's happy, everybody's happy. I lost my mom when I was very young. I was only three years old. I saw there were very grave challenges you face when you don't have a mom. >> TITLE: Professor Oladosu a. Ojengbede, Center for Population and Reproductive Health, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Most of our women live in rural areas. And so most of the births take place outside big cities. And if most births take place in rural areas, then that is where we must work. When I'm down in some villages and you think, "Could this be happening to human beings?" You become very emotional. And you feel like shedding tears. >> SIGN: Akinyele Local Government, Maternity Center, Mele >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: But then you quickly remember that, look, this is something that needs to be resolved. And you are one of those who have made up their mind to resolve it. >> VOICEOVER: Professor Ojengbede is pioneering low tech and affordable health solutions. He says these innovative tools are essential to keep women from dying of preventable causes. >> WOMAN: So this is the garment we have brought that helps to save women's lives. >> VOICEOVER: One of the most effective life-saving solutions is the anti-shock garment. This full-body suit, first conceived of by NASA, is being adapted for hemorrhaging women. The professor and an international team of colleagues have proven this suit can be used to treat shock by shunting blood from the extremities and back to vital organs. Bleeding to death is the number one killer of pregnant women, including those who live in this remote village of Mele. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: In a remote area like Mele, to get immediate access to superior care may be a challenge. Mele actually in full means, "Mele-mu-cu," which means, "I will not choose death." I love the name of this village, because what we're here for is to prevent death and promote life. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Hello! How are you and the baby? Is the baby sleeping? >> RACHEL OLATUNJI [Pregnant with fifth child]: Yes, the baby is sleeping. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: We saw a couple. The wife is currently pregnant, and she had a two-year-old baby on her back, with scabies infections on the head and arm. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: What is his name? >> RACHEL OLATUNJI: Matthew. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Matthew! This is scabies. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: This woman says she has five kids, and indeed the current pregnancy was really not planned for. And the question was, if it was not planned for, how come they couldn't prevent it? >> TITLE: Olurim Olatunji, Rachel's Husband >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: According to the gentleman, he said, "Well, I'd rather stay with my wife than go out to find another wife for sexual responsibility." It is global knowledge that the higher the number of births beyond five, the risk increases, but even doubles from five or more. And the closer the pregnancies are, shorter than two years between birth and the beginning of another pregnancy, the higher the risk. Not just for the woman, but also for the born baby and the previous births, because they are all related. >> RACHEL OLATUNJI: I have tried on my own to prevent pregnancy, but it is to no avail. Unfortunately, I wind up with unplanned pregnancies. >> VOICEOVER: Rachel, like most Nigerian women, has five children. For Rachel, like most, at least one of those pregnancies is unplanned. >> RACHEL OLATUNJI: I am very fertile. I tried to abort a pregnancy on my own with local herbs. I started having severe diarrhea, and I lost a lot of weight. I almost died. After a while, it became evident that I was still pregnant, so I started prenatal care and I accepted my fate. >> TITLE: Sunday morning church service >> ELIZABETH ADESINA [Community Birth Attendant]: When we speak of family planning, the husbands think this is a secret way of encouraging their wives to be unfaithful and start sleeping around. But if the emphasis is on preserving their wives' lives and the care of their children, they will understand. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: The men in this village are eager to improve the reproductive life of their families. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: What do we do -- what do we know so that we can make love to our wives but not have pregnancy occur? First, you can use tablets. If you use condoms all the time, they are very effective. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: We are seeking a dialogue with the men today, to have an in-depth introduction in contraception, how it impacts on health, how it impacts on the family, on income, on development. >> MAN: If a person can calculate the days very well, can there be a mistake between this time and this time for ovulation to take place? >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Well, we didn't create this place where the egg comes from, and though there's a time range, it can vary. That is why it is better not to take the risk at all. So if you're waiting for that time, and you really want to make love to your wife, what are you going to do? There's nothing you can do to satisfy the need so that a man cannot wait! And if the wife says at that very moment, "Wait, you said we shouldn't get pregnant," the man can't think right! We should not guess. We should have a decisive method. >> VOICEOVER: Every Thursday morning in Mele, preacher and community birth attendant Elizabeth Adesina opens her prenatal class with a prayer. >> TITLE: Elizabeth Adesina, Community Birth Attendant >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Faith-based practices probably see more patients in this country than the public sector facilities, simply because they provide the services within the context of understanding the values and the norms of the community they are serving. >> ELIZABETH ADESINA: Glory be to your name that she will not suffer. We will always praise your name, Father, in Jesus' name, amen. >> TITLE: Kano, Northern Nigeria >> FARIDA BABALLE: I started practicing midwifery in 1986, almost twenty-something years as a midwife. I was posted here October 2007. I was on leave at that time. When I came down there, they said they are taking me to the labor room. I said, "I don't want labor room now. All my years of service, my experience, has finished in the labor room, so please can you change me now so that I can have another area." They said no. They wanted me to be here. "We need something from you to come out and implement it here for us." I said, "It's okay." That is how God willed for me to help my fellow women. So when I came back, I sat down and said, "Oh," I asked them, "What are your statistics?" So I took three years of the register. I picked three things. What is the problem there, in the ward? And I write what my observation is there. So from that, we'll do our own assessment. This will tell us if it's the problem of the midwife, the problem of the doctors, or the problem of the community. >> FARIDA BABALLE: You see, January of last year we had eleven maternal deaths. So you know there is a problem here. >> VOICEOVER: Women die in the north because their culture often forbids them from travelling without a male escort, even when they're bleeding to death. Aisha Ibrahim, who gave birth to her eighth child at home, is one of them. In fact, knowing this precept, her husband Kabiru stayed with her. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM [Aisha's Husband]: My wife Aisha bled too much with her last two deliveries. So I made sure during this delivery I would stay close by to support her. >> VOICEOVER: But in the midst of the crisis, his car broke down, and he left to repair it. Stranded and hemorrhaging blood, Aisha had to wait for her father-in-law's permission to take a taxi to Farida's hospital with another male relative. >> AISHA AMIRU [Aisha Ibrahim's Sister-in-law]: I was there. They said she had lost so much blood. There was no more blood, that her blood was all gone. Honestly, when we brought her to the hospital, in her own words she kept saying she was going to die, she was going to die. >> NURSE: We checked her BP [blood pressure]. The BP is 70/query [too low to measure]. Some patients even die with that. >> FARIDA BABALLE: They just come at their dying minutes. They set a drip-normal saline and isoplasma for her. Then we applied the anti-shock garment. Then once you put it on, within a short time, when you check the vital signs, you find there is BP, there is pulse. The woman is coming back. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: The anti-shock garment is just a way of buying time before you can procure blood for the transfusion of this woman. >> FARIDA BABALLE: The time that we didn't have this anti-shock garment, the woman will just go, will just die, because there is nothing we can do to help her. The only thing we can do is just to elevate the foot off the bed. Apart from that, there is nothing we can do. >> VOICEOVER: Aisha's husband, Kabiru Ibrahim, is a taxi driver in Kano and a father of thirteen. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: When I arrived here at Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, they told me about the garment they applied to control the bleeding. Then they told me she was in need of blood. >> NURSE 1: The blood is her immediate need. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: My brother and I searched all around for her blood type. But there was none available. My calmness was rattled, of course. I was thinking, before I'm able to find the blood, I would return to find her dead. I was grateful to Allah that I had the means to purchase the blood, but it was nowhere to be found. >> NURSE 1: The minute she came, we took her blood sample for relations to go look for her blood. But still yet you can see, how many hours ago? No blood yet. >> VOICEOVER: After searching for five hours, Kabiru found two pints of Aisha's blood type. >> NURSE 2: Blood pressure is 120/80 -- it's normal. >> HALIMA BEN UMAR [PATHS2]: She was telling me how this was the worst, she suffered the most out of all the seven she had. Then I said, "Have you thought about family planning, I mean child spacing?" Then she said, "Yeah...ah, uh huh. Is it something you can do?" She said her husband would not allow her to stop giving birth. I said, "No, I'm not saying stop, I'm just saying space." Islamically, it is wrong for you to say you want to have two children, you want to have four, but Islamically you can space. >> FARIDA BABALLE: The reason why most of our people don't believe in this family planning is because sometimes they misquote religion. They say God has said, "Deliver us many and they multiply the world." >> HALIMA BEN UMAR: Sometimes I felt maybe should I talk about family planning? But I know I spaced my children. If I hadn't, I would probably have had fifteen. That would have been disastrous. >> FARIDA BABALLE: I hope a lot of things that happen will change. >> HALIMA BEN UMAR: The change is coming gradually. But I think we need to move a little faster than the rate we are moving. Islam moves with civilization. >> FARIDA BABALLE: Yes, this is what I think. >> VOICEOVER: Kano is one of the twelve northern states in Nigeria governed by Islamic law, or Sharia. Daily life in this ancient city revolves around Islamic culture. Improving reproductive health requires a delicate interplay between Islam and modern medicine. >> SIGN: Allah is the greatest >> HALIMA BEN UMAR: In this part of the country, you need to work with the religious leaders. If you want to achieve your objectives, your aims, then you need to look at, what does Islam say? How do you do it so that it becomes more acceptable? For me, I have always been an advocate of family planning. People see it as a western idea; people see it as the west trying to impose their ideas on us, so it becomes a little bit difficult. >> SAKINA MAKA: Assalamu Alaykum >> FARIDA BABALLE: Wa Alaykum Assalam. How is your day? >> SAKINA MAKA: I'm well, and how is your day? >> TITLE: Sakina and twin daughter, four months after delivery >> FARIDA BABALLE: So, what we do here is family planning birth control. Do you know what that means? >> SAKINA MAKA: It's like having control between deliveries. For example, two and a half years before having another baby. >> FARIDA BABALLE: Within those two years, your husband will save up some money. You see? If you have a baby and then, in a year, another and another every year, he wouldn't save any money, and then you're not in good health and the baby will not be healthy. That's why we use family planning. >> FARIDA BABALLE: Now there's a lot of awareness of family planning for our people. Our women are coming on their own. They don't wait for their husbands. They decide on their own health, instead of waiting for their husbands to decide on their health. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: Aisha stayed in the hospital for sixteen days until she regained her health. Then she was discharged and we went back home. That's what happened. >> VOICEOVER: Kabiru's first wife died giving birth to their seventh child, and he has never used birth control until now. He attributes this behavior change to a deeper understanding of safe motherhood in the Islamic community. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: Before this delivery I didn't agree with the idea of a woman taking a break, because rest comes from Allah. If Allah does not grant a break, you will surely give birth. The Muslim religion allows that she take a break to save her life, because she might lose her life in the process. That is why I agreed. >> AISHA IBRAHIM: Trial birth causes all sorts of mishaps and problems. It brings all kinds of thoughts to mind, like either you retain your life or you lose it. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: You can say, women's rights should be well protected, but the truth is, for now, we have not put in place all the structures that protect women's rights completely in developing countries. And that's what we must put into context when we're fashioning out programs and projects that would serve women. We need to find the appropriate way and culturally acceptable way of circumventing the obstructions. That challenges are enormous, and sometimes they're depressing. The frustrations are everywhere, but the resolve is stronger than the frustrations. >> TITLE: Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Welcome to Habibu Sadouki Blood Transfusion Center, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital. What you have is a blood bank fridge, which has the capacity of keeping about 300 units of blood. It will be tested, filtered, stored, and the ones that will be needed in the maternity will immediately go to maternity. >> MAN: My message to you all is: please help keep our women alive. >> VOICEOVER: Frustrated by the lack of blood supply for maternity patients, Dr. Dikko successfully lobbied health officials for a separate maternity blood bank. Since opening in February 2009, waiting times for maternity ward patients in need of blood has been reduced by 75 percent. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: If you go inside the blood bank now, the two fridges that you saw the other time are almost packed full. >> FARIDA BABALLE: A lot has changed. It reduces the delay in having the blood. The midwives draw the blood, they send the blood, and then it quickly saves the lives of the patients. You can see the results in our reduction of maternal mortality. There are very few deaths now. It's very low. >> VOICEOVER: The maternity blood bank began collecting blood donations one week after Sakina gave birth to her twins. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Each and every one of us, whether a man or a woman, came out of a woman. As long as there is one maternal death, it's a family mortality. Not an ordinary mortality. If you can reduce maternal mortality in Kano State, then definitely the denominator in the issue of maternal mortality in the whole country will definitely reduce. And if it reduces, then it will be my greatest achievement, and I can even resign and go home. >> TITLE: Dr. Bellow Dikko is part of a landmark effort to train religious leaders about reproductive health. He advocates for the right of pregnant women to travel without male escorts, and free maternity services. Farida Baballe's observational study showed maternal deaths have been nearly cut in half, from 196 in 2008 to 102 in 2009. Professor Ojengbede and international colleagues, led by Professor Suellen Miller at UC San Francisco, have tested the anti-shock garment on more than 3,000 women in Nigeria, Egypt, and Mexico. They found that women who received the anti-shock garment lost 50 percent less blood and have 64 percent fewer deaths. Pathfinder International, a non-profit organization, has trained more than 4,000 Nigerian health care providers to prevent, treat, and diagnose post-partum hemorrhage. Pathfinder has distributed 456 anti-shock garments and is collaborating with federal and state governments to scale up the project. While documenting these stories, the filmmakers worked in unison with families and healthcare workers to accurately portray pregnancy and childbirth. Several times we affected outcomes by contributing resources for transportation, cell phones, and pharmaceuticals. In the case of Sakina Maka, her husband Mohammed, an Arabic teacher, was unable to procure funding for blood after hours of searching. We gave Mohammed the 10,000 Naira needed to buy the blood. >> VOICEOVER: What do you want to be when you grow up? >> GIRL 1: I want to be a doctor. >> GIRL 2: I want to be a doctor. >> GIRL 3: A nurse. >> TITLE: Brown Doggy Pictures, in association with Woodlawn Avenue Productions: The Edge of Joy. Director and Producer: Dawn Sinclair Shapiro. Narrator: Eliza Griswold. Executive Producer: Tod Lending. Editors: Michael S. O'Brien, Melissa Sterne. Director of Photography: Nicola B. Marsh. >> TITLE: [End credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/with-my-own-two-wheels As a tool for development, a simple bicycle can mean transportation, employment, even access to education and healthcare. With My Own Two Wheels weaves together the experiences of five individuals into a single story about how the bicycle can change the world, one pedal stroke at a time. Mon, 17 Oct 2011 15:00:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/with-my-own-two-wheels Bicycle, Economic development, India, Ghana, Koforidua, World Bicycle Relief, Zambia, Disability, Health, Environment >> TITLE: Look for solutions, not problems. - Dan Eldon >> TITLE: Hubub Films Presents >> TITLE: With My Own Two Wheels >> TITLE: 5:30 AM, Chapola, Zambia >> FRED HANYINDE: My name is Fred Hanyinde. I was born here in Chapola in 1975. I am 35 years old. I got married in 1997. My wife's name is Emelda Chulu. She was born in 1983. We have four children. >> FRED HANYINDE: I am a farmer. The soil here is fertile. I grow many types of crops. I grow potatoes, corn, sunflowers, cotton, groundnuts, and peas. I also have a garden where I grow vegetables like tomatoes and cabbage. The most important things in my life are going to church, then being a caregiver, then football! These are things I love. >> TITLE: Zambia is roughly the size of Texas. It has an estimated population of 12 million. 1.1 million are infected with HIV/AIDS. Many of these HIV/AIDS patients live far from the nearest clinic. Their only regular care comes from volunteer caregivers, like Fred. >> FRED HANYINDE: I decided to become a community health caregiver because of my brother, who suffered from HIV/AIDS. The issue was very close to my heart. The Bible says that, "Whatsoever you do to the least of my brothers, so you do unto Me." As a caregiver, my job is to visit and take care of the sick. The main problem with our clients around here is how they are kept in their homes. They are stigmatized. Most of them say, "The people around here don't want me." Their families tell them, "We are not the ones who gave you that disease. That is of your own doing." Sometimes families give patients their own plates, because the family is afraid that they will be infected as well. Because of this, patients are normally happy when we caregivers come along. We shake hands and do all sorts of things together. They become very free with us, and they tell us problems that they wouldn't tell their own families. >> TITLE: 7:15 AM, Koforidua, Ghana >> MIRRIAM ODURO: My name is Mirriam Oduro. I am 27 years old. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: She wants to explore. She is something like -- she is adventurous. Sometimes, when she wants to do something, I will even try to discourage her. But, she will have the courage to pursue. >> TITLE: In Ghana, people with disabilities are often stigmatized. Many find it difficult to fit in, let alone find a job. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: I was a kid, and I had a dream that a dog bit me. Then my mom told me that I started shouting, "A dog has bitten my leg there." The next day, I couldn't even stand on my feet. I was paralyzed. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: I found it very difficult to get even school for her. Because at the normal -- or at the regular school -- they didn't want to mingle up with people with crutches. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: When I was a kid, I found life difficult. At that time, I didn't want to come out. I didn't want many people [around]. I didn't want people to see me walking. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: Some people, when they see them, they admire them, they have sympathy for them. But some people too, when they see them, they just shun them. >> TITLE: 8:00 AM, Sone Sangvi, India >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: My name is Bharati Phakad Date. I am 14 years old. I live in Sone Sangvi. My favorite actor is Mithun Chakraborthy because he always plays a humanitarian, someone who helps other people. There are a lot of people who live on the streets. I will help them. There are so many people in this world who do not even get one meal a day. I will help them. >> TITLE: In India, 81 percent of girls attend primary school. Only 49 percent of girls attend high school. 46.4 percent of women are illiterate. Many women in Bharati's mother's generation were married by the time they were Bharati's age. >> TITLE: Bharati's Mother, Bharati's Father >> BHARATI'S MOTHER: My life, my generation, was full of darkness. If you are uneducated, then it is as if you only have one eye. >> TITLE: In 1998, Armene Modi founded Ashta No Kai to empower women in Bharati's community. >> ARMENE MODI [Founder, Ashta No Kai]: For about a couple of years, we only focused on adult women and literacy for them. And I noticed that many of the girls who came to the class were very, very young girls, with a mangalsutra, which is a gold and black beaded necklace that they wear around their necks, which in India is a symbol of matrimony. And they had babies on their hips, and I started to ask, "What's going on, and why are such young girls married off already?" And there's a famous Indian saying, "Why water a plant that is going to grow in a neighbor's garden?" >> TITLE: 9:00 AM, San Andres Itzapa, Guatemala >> CARLOS MACHIN: My name is Carlos Enrique Marroquin Machin. I am a native of San Andres Itzapa. I am 41 years old. My farm is three kilometers from here. We call it El Chibul, because it is much higher up than the town. Now, in the month of September, we grow beans, ejoteros, that is, green [unripe] beans to sell to the market. I also just planted huicoy, carrots, lettuce, corn, piligua. Also radishes and beets. We grow it all. They say I have the hand of God, because I have five children. My eldest daughter is 18 years old, Carlos is 17, Antonio is 14, Jenny and Carolinia are 11, and Christian is almost six. >> TITLE: Guatemala is still recovering from a long and brutal civil war. >> CARLOS MACHIN: When the armed conflict started, I was a child. I had a very painful experience. I was tortured, because I was accused of hanging out with the paramilitaries. After that, after growing up, I did not have the chance to have a childhood as my children do now. It was lost. >> TITLE: The civil war wreaked havoc on the indigenous Maya community. In the rush to rebuild, the residents of San Andres have paid a steep price. The air quality in the region is now so bad that many farmers can no longer work in their fields after 9 AM. Some, like Carlos, are looking for a new way forward. >> TITLE: 10:00 AM, Chapola, Zambia >> FRED HANYINDE: I used to walk. Whether the patient was near or far, I used to walk. Rain or shine, I used to walk. I asked the caregiver program for a bicycle, but they never gave me one. They said, "You are only using it for useless programs." But we needed to help sick people in the community, so we used to walk. >> TITLE: Caregivers like Fred often walk 15 to 20 kilometers to visit a patient. They must visit these patients two to three times every week. In 2005, World Bicycle Relief partnered with Rapids, one of the largest caregiver programs in Zambia. Their goal: To increase the effectiveness of caregivers by giving them bicycles. >> JOHAN BRUYNEEL [Board Member, World Bicycle Relief]: What I find so particular about it is that it's so simple. It's measurable, something that we take for granted, and that in other areas of the world is something that changes lives. One bike, it is 134 dollars per bike. And I know that that bike is going to go somewhere and it's going to change the life of not only one person, but probably of a whole family. >> TITLE: Fred is one of 19,000 caregivers who now make their rounds by bicycle. >> FRED HANYINDE: The bicycle helps me reach patients in good time. For example, if I go by bicycle to visit a patient at 7:00 AM, I can reach the patient early and come back early. The bicycle makes visiting patients easier. Now I can visit a patient as late as 4:00 PM and still make it home by sunset. >> TITLE: 12:00 PM, Sone Sangvi, India >> ARMENE MODI: In many villages, there were only schools until seventh grade. There were no high schools. So we worked in ten villages at that point of time, and there were only three high schools. So then I asked the parents, the mothers, "Well, what happens to the boys, how do you send the boys to school?" And they said, "Well, we give them bicycles." And I said, "Well, what about the girls," and they said, "Oh no, it's a waste of money to give a bicycle to a girl, she's going to turn around and get married. So I thought, my god, if it's only a bicycle that's keeping girls from going to school, let's go ahead and give it to them. >> TITLE: Thanks to Ashta No Kai's Bicycle Bank program, Bharati and her friends are now able to get to high school by bicycle. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: I am going to Nimgaon Bhogi High School. I am learning in the ninth standard [grade]. I like mathematics because I like solving mathematical puzzles. The bike has been really useful. Now, the time that I save commuting to school can be used to study. Also, now I can ride to school with my friends. It is a lot of fun. >> BHARATI'S MOTHER: She now feels very motivated and enthusiastic to attend school. I have to make sure that my daughters get a good education. It is our duty. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: I want to become a district supervisor, because then I can make big decisions, and also have the power to implement them. I would be able to make decisions regarding the welfare of the poor and downtrodden. I would be able to help transform society. I want to eradicate poverty from this country. >> TITLE: 2:00 PM, Koforidua, Ghana >> MIRRIAM ODURO: This is my bench, yes. I have all the tools that I need at my bench. >> TITLE: Mirriam is now a mechanic at Ability Bikes, a bicycle shop cooperative established by Boston-based Bikes Not Bombs and staffed entirely by disabled Ghanaians. >> DAVID BRANIGAN [International Programs Director, Bikes Not Bombs]: The first day, there was one young woman named Mirriam Oduro. They came up to me and said, "David, I want to be a part of this project." And I said, "Okay, that's great, you want to learn how to fix bikes." And she said, "Yes. David, I'm serious. I want to learn how to fix bikes." >> MIRRIAM ODURO: That day, they [the other mechanics] were laughing at me because I bent my [wheel]. So, when David taught me and I started doing it, I finished mine, and David came and checked it. He said, "Oh wow, you have done well!" They are sitting there [saying], "Mirriam, can you help me with my rim?" I said, "You are sitting there laughing at me. You want me to help you? I won't do that!" Then David told me, "Mirriam, you can help them." So I helped them. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: She is always adventurous. She wants to go beyond what everyone expects of her. She doesn't seem to be handicapped. She doesn't seem to be worried about her problem at all. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: It's a pretty amazing thing to have this aggressive male come with his bike and say, "Hey, my bike needs to be repaired. My wheel is going like this," right? And then everyone looks at him and they say, "Okay, we'll fix it for you." And then they take the wheel off and give it to Mirriam. And the guy's expression is like, "What? This woman, this disabled woman is going to true my wheel?" And what ends up happening is that she trues his wheel for him. And sometimes there are men sitting there, just watching, as Mirriam is repairing their wheel, something that they can't do themselves, and there's this female, physically disabled, mechanic fixing their wheel for this person. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: I know that her life is changed by it. I know that she now sees herself in the world as an influential person. She sees herself as having skills that other people don't have, that are valuable to her community, and even to the world. She sees herself as now representing other physically disabled people who were in her position before, without work, and in a position now to advocate for them, and for recognition of the enormous amount of unemployed disabled people in Ghana. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: She is a woman working in a field that is generally dominated by men. So she's even expanding the boundaries of women, and other women who are able-bodied look up to her as an example of how women can be in the world. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: It makes me happy. It helps me to achieve something. And I feel proud. My name is Mirriam Oduro. I am a mechanic. >> TITLE: 4:00 PM, San Andres Itzapa, Guatemala >> TITLE: In 1997, Carlos helped start Maya Pedal, an organization dedicated to creating environmentally friendly tools to empower rural Mayans. Their invention: the bicimaquina. >> CARLOS MACHIN: First of all, the bicimaquina is all recycled. We start from the bicycle. The bicycle is the fundamental part. To this we attach the old machines that used to be powered by other sources, like gasoline. With the bicimaquina we try to join together elements that have been discarded [bicycles] with elements that used to pollute. >> CARLOS MACHIN: First, the bicimaquina does not pollute the environment. Second, it fills the gap between the artisanal and the industrial. It is a middle ground, because it is going to allow the user to complete tasks faster. Third, it helps the economy quite a bit, because it reduces expenditures on fuel and energy. It helps to minimize the costs of both running and maintaining the machine. It is simple. >> TITLE: The community of Cruz Nueva has two bicimaquinas: a bicimolino (corn grinder) and a bicipulpar (coffee depulper). >> WOMAN 1: Oh God! It used to be a lot of work. We only ground at night, and could only grind a little at a time using our old tools. This is what we used before. But now that we have the bicimaquina, we don't use that one anymore. Now it is different. Yes, it has helped us a lot. With it I can strip corn very quickly to make my tamales. I can now grind my corn very quickly. Now grinding corn is a communal activity. The bicimaquina helps all of us. >> CARLOS MACHIN: It also helps the family to learn to use the resources that are at their disposal, that surround them. It helps them learn how to do things in new ways that don't pollute. They learn how to do things in a better way. >> MAN 1: We export coffee to the United States and, in another year, maybe Japan. The bicimaquina has helped facilitate this. Those two bicimaquinas help us to use less diesel or gasoline or electricity. It is a little better, no? Really, there's a lot of pollution. Those two help us pollute less. >> CARLOS MACHIN: For someone who hasn't seen a bicimaquina, the concept is impressive because they are astounded by what it can do. If someone has a heart attack, we are going to try to revive him or her. That is what we are trying to do with these bicycles. >> TITLE: 5:30 PM >> TITLE: 8:00 AM, Santa Barbara, CA, United States >> TITLE: Sharkey Esquives >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: You feel the fresh air. You can feel how fast you are going. You feel like you're going a hundred, you're going, like, only ten, fifteen! You can feel all that wind coming to your face; you're feeling all fresh and everything. It feels good, better than a car. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: It all depends, the day and the mood. If I feel like riding my bike somewhere far, with my headphones, I go to my racing bike. It has blue tires, blue frame with some chrome on it. With the beach cruiser, if I feel like riding with my friends, with my homies, anywhere, I take my beach cruiser or my mountain bike, whichever one comes in handy. >> TITLE: Sharkey is a volunteer bike mechanic at Bici Centro, a community-run bike shop that sells refurbished bicycles and teaches patrons how to repair their own bicycles. >> ED FRANCE [Director, Bici Centro]: You have recreational road riders, who can generally afford bikes up to two, three thousand dollars, more. You have recreational mountain bikers, same deal, and those folks will tend to replace bikes every few years, even. You have the die-hard enviro bike commuters, but that group is not just the classic image we have of a bicycle commuter, the white, well-educated cyclist who's decided to simplify their life and to live environmentally, and thus they're going to bike. In Santa Barbara, at least half of that five percent of people getting around by bike are working-class folks who rely on that bike, probably not necessarily out of choice, because people ride whatever they can, you know? And again, that's half of our active bike commuting population. And so, our feeling at Bici Centro, as the group of founders, was that that group wasn't being served. >> ED FRANCE: I feel a lot of sympathy for people in Shark's position, because out of high school, the possibilities are really bleak. What do you do? Continue hanging out with the gang? He probably has some hard job prospects. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: It has kept me from the streets, from kicking it with my homies, kicking it with everyone, not knowing. Getting busted, getting locked up every time. Bici Centro has helped me in stopping it. I could be here, I could come here, and it?s kind of like a job. Come here, throw all my stress in here, and go home and just chill, and just pass out. It?s like a regular day, doing a regular job like a regular person. I've always been proud of working in here. Been helping a lot of people from different spots, people from a different world, different states, different age. You get the smallest kid to the biggest, oldest, like, "O.G." -- old man -- whatever! You could get anyone in here who doesn?t know anything about bikes, we teach them. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: My life has changed plenty. A lot of people know me better from working at Bici Centro. They'll be like, "Aren?t you that person who helped me fix up my bike?" I?m like, "Yes, I'm the one who fixed it." They'll be telling me, "Thanks for fixing it, it's running good." My name is Sharkey, I'm from Santa Barbara. I'm from Bici Centro, I'm a volunteer, and I?m 21 years old. >> ED FRANCE: This is just the same story over and over: people with enormous potential that are overlooked throughout the world. But we need our solutions that are intermediate. We have all these overpowering solutions. We want to have electricity! Well, we'll just dig up that mountain and we'll just make electricity, and we'll just run railroad cars and trucks. All we do is overpower things or neglect things. >> CARLOS MACHIN: We as human beings need to take care of the world, not the world take care of us. Because we have been given wisdom, understanding, and all this. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: The majority of trips that people need to take in their lives -- if you're in Guatemala, or Ghana, or in Boston -- are bikeable. >> JOHAN BRUYNEEL: If we have a problem with transportation, we wake up in the morning, we look at the sky, and we say, if it's cloudy, do we go by car, or do we take the bike? The transportation story or transportation problem in Africa is totally different. They don't have the choice. They either have to walk-- kids have to walk two to three hours to school and from school, or caregivers have to walk all day long, in the best circumstances they can see maybe two or three patients. It's a completely different view on what a bike can do. We don't see the use of a bike other than, we have the choice. >> ARMENE MODI: Having a bicycle and being able to access education can have such a huge impact on aspiration levels, on educational levels, on quality of life. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: That bicycle is increasing their mobility. It's increasing their ability to go places. It's broadening their scope of their life, of what resources they can access. >> JOHAN BRUYNEEL: Bikes have been part of my life, naturally, for always, and I've never thought about not having a bike. What a bike can do, to me, just made too much sense, and I couldn't afford myself to say, "I'm not part of this." >> ED FRANCE: It is a comprehensive development tool. Development that happens for an entire country starts with one person. And if every single person in that country begins to become empowered, and begins to have access to resources, the entire country's going to develop. >> CARLOS MACHIN: We know that we don't have to speak for the machine. The machine speaks for itself. >> FRED HANYINDE: You can go and see a patient and still make it home. The bike makes the work of a caregiver lighter. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: You fix that one up; he's going to tell his friend. His friend is going tell another friend. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: It gives you mobility to do something. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: I was very happy when I got the bicycle. I felt really good riding my bike. >> CARLOS MACHIN: The machine speaks for itself. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-africas-last-famine This World Food Day is marked by one of the worst famines in recent history. But, with the right planning and a few new ideas, it could be the last. Get the latest from the Horn of Africa and beyond in this special report from Oxfam America and ViewChange.org. Thu, 06 Oct 2011 09:37:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-africas-last-famine Agriculture & Food, Climate change, Food security, Sustainable agriculture, Oxfam, Famine, Drought, Ethiopia, Farmer, Vietnam >> VOICEOVER: Next up: as drought and famine threaten the Horn of Africa, one farmer fights to guard her livelihood against a changing climate. See who's working in Africa and around the world to prove that hunger isn't inevitable in an all-new report from Oxfam America and ViewChange.org. >> VOICEOVER: ViewChange is about people making real progress in tackling the world's toughest issues. Can a story change the world? See for yourself in ViewChange: Africa's Last Famine. >> VOICEOVER: The Horn of Africa is in crisis. This season, the rains failed throughout much of the region, triggering in places the worst drought in 60 years. The result? Thirteen million people affected; 1.8 million Somalis alone displaced; families losing hundreds of thousands of animals they need to survive. Aid groups and governments around the world have scrambled to help. But with 750,000 people facing starvation, experts find themselves asking one question over and over: how can we make sure this famine is the last? The answer to that question might be captured in a single idea: resilience. For rural farmers, surviving this drought is the priority. Trying to build reserves for the next is overwhelming. But the public and private sectors have some new ideas to give rural families financial security to outlast the next emergency. Northern Ethiopia has been spared the worst of the crisis, but farmers here have seen their share of drought in the past. In one village, Adi Ha, farmers are experimenting with a new program -- one that lets them trade work for insurance against bad weather. Oxfam America has been following one farmer there for two years. Writer Coco McCabe brings us her story. >> TITLE: Medhin Reda, Oxfam America, Ethiopia >> COCO MCCABE [Writer, Oxfam America]: In my mind's eye I see Medhin Reda as I saw her one afternoon in Adi Ha a few months ago. She's heading to her field of teff. The shoots are new and fragile. But the tiny seeds they eventually produce will help feed her family. The rain has come, but the harvest is never certain. As a writer for Oxfam America, I'm often sent to cover humanitarian emergencies. But in 2009, I went to northern Ethiopia to report on a pilot program designed to help farmers cope with drought. And it was on that visit that I first met Medhin. I had gone to her village to learn about teff and the challenges of growing it in a changing climate. Teff is Ethiopia's staple grain, rich in nutrients. Farmers across the country cultivate it, and it serves as the basis of a bread called injera, much-loved in Ethiopia. It's flat, like a pancake, and made from fermented batter, which gives it a slightly sour taste. But in this rugged region of Tigray where Medhin lives, drought is always a worry. Coaxing crops from the ground is never easy and teff is labor-intensive. Though the rain was falling regularly in early August, no one knew if it would continue to the harvest. If the rain fails, so do the harvests and that means families don't eat. It's that constant uncertainty that farmers like Medhin live with, an uncertainty that can turn instantly grave because here, poverty leaves no room for mishaps. >> MEDHIN REDA [Farmer]: Teff requires a lot of effort. We have to plow it three to four times and when the soil is softer, we add seed and fertilizer. As you can see, it has fertilizer and we planted good seed and that is why it looks good. Later on, the crop is taken to a grinding mill and ground. Some of the flour is mixed with water and fermented for two or three days and finally baked and made into injera. And it becomes good food and the main dish for our life. Teff is the most pure food. >> COCO MCCABE: A single mother with just two of her five children still at home, Medhin lives in a small compound surrounded by a stone wall. She and one of her daughters hauled every stone for their house here. I listen to the pounding in her mortar and the wind stirring the stalks of corn and wonder how does uncertainty shape the life of a family, of a community? One answer is to migrate, like Medhin did during the time of a terrible famine that hit Tigray and other regions of Ethiopia in 1984. To survive, she fled to Sudan for a year with her young son and infant daughter. But another answer is in the stones of Medhin's compound. It's in her carefully weeded fields and in the trust she puts in her children. The answer is work: a determination to build, to plant, to harvest, to thrive, step by step. That work ethic runs deep in Adi Ha, and for some of its farmers hard work produces a cushion of cash. Those farmers have access to irrigation. Their harvests are guaranteed, whether it rains or not. But for Medhin, who doesn't have the benefit of irrigation, all of her work has gone into the day-to-day survival of her family. She's never had the luxury of a cushion. That's a reality that poor farmers around the world face every day. What do they do if drought kills their crops or floods wash out their fields? How do you help people soften those blows and build their resilience? That's what drove Oxfam and a group of partners to develop an initiative aimed at helping small farmers build their resilience. What they came up with not only improves farmers' access to credit, it provides them with insurance, something many of us in the developed world take for granted. >> DAVID SATTERTHWAITE [Head, Rural Resilience Initiative, Oxfam America]: Now, everything you see around you here is insured, but in many parts of the world there is no insurance. So that service, insurance, is a core building block of what we call rural resilience. In doing this work, people often express doubts that we'll be able to address the underlying causes of the crises that we see again and again, like that today in the Horn of Africa. In order to do so we need to address the core issue, which is poverty. One way to think of poverty is continual crisis. We all need to be able to plan for the future. And that's the point of this initiative: to give people the opportunity to have confidence going forward. >> COCO MCCABE: More than 13,000 farmers in Tigray bought weather insurance this year. Some, like Gebru Kahsay, also have access to irrigated land. Still, the insurance is a good investment, he told me. >> GEBRU KAHSAY [Farmer]: We bought insurance as coverage and protection during a shock period. God forbid there's a shock. We do not want drought; we want abundance throughout the seasons. But in case drought occurs, we are covered. And I believe that is why the people are buying insurance. >> COCO MCCABE: But what happens when people like Medhin are too poor to pay for a premium with cash? They can trade their labor for insurance. Mengesha Gebremichael, a program officer for the Relief Society of Tigray, told me that farmers themselves came up with that solution. >> MENGESHA GEBREMICHAEL [Microinsurance Project Officer, Relief Society of Tigray (REST)]: This idea came from the farmers. We usually use the indigenous knowledge of the farmers. So In every aspect of our project our farmers are really participatory. >> COCO MCCABE: I followed Medhin to a nursery one day where she selected a shawl full of tree seedlings to plant in a nearby watershed. The goal was to help to conserve the soil so farmers could plant there. The community work was part of her contribution toward her insurance. >> MEDHIN REDA: I bought insurance because I am poor and I have to work to sustain myself. If I am successful enough, I will support myself, but -- if not -- I have insurance to cover me and I will be compensated. I have convinced more than seven people of how insurance can benefit all of us. >> COCO MCCABE: But even before a payout, there is a tangible benefit and it has to do with a new feeling of confidence this initiative has inspired. Medhin's hard work was paying off. I could see her corn was growing tall. She owned a small herd of goats and both her youngest daughters were in school, something Medhin never had the advantage of herself. And because of the insurance, the fruits of her labor were not at risk. This time, when she gets ahead she can stay ahead. I was thinking about the miles of dirt track she treks each day to fetch water, to reach her fields, so many steps to ensure her family's security. I can't forget the answer Medhin gave when I asked how she was, two years after we first met. Hope was the answer she gave me. We have hope, Medhin said. >> VOICEOVER: So far this year, Medhin has been lucky -- Adi Ha has gotten enough rain and farmers are predicting a good teff harvest. But many other Ethiopians have been less fortunate, and most don't yet have the option of an insurance policy. So is weather insurance the silver bullet for avoiding these crises before they hit? According to Oxfam, it's part of a larger plan to give farmers a cushion when they need it most. As this animation explains, it's all a matter of managing risk. >> VOICEOVER: Nine hundred and twenty-five million people on our planet are hungry. That's more than the population of the US, Canada, and the European Union combined. And within the next four decades, up to 200 million more people could face hunger as a result of climate change. Climate change brings uncertainty: sometimes too much rain, or too little. It means unpredictable harvests. And for many farmers, a healthy harvest is their only source of food and income. Without reserves, one failed harvest could mean families go hungry, kids drop out of school, and people sink deeper into poverty, making it harder for families to plan for the future. Through a new partnership, Oxfam and the World Food Programme are tackling that problem together with Swiss Re. The program is called R4, the Rural Resilience Initiative. It gives rural families the opportunity to manage their own risks, harvest to harvest. It's based on the fact it costs less to manage risks than it does to provide relief in a crisis. The Rural Resilience Initiative: it encourages farmers to save, it improves their access to loans, and it provides them with a common tool many people in developed countries take for granted -- insurance. The insurance provides farmers with compensation for their crops when rain fails to fall. Originally called HARITA, the program started in Tigray, Ethiopia, with REST, one of the founding members. It offered weather insurance for 200 households that conventional wisdom said were too poor to afford it. The initiative allows the poorest farmers to pay for their insurance by working on community projects that improve local agriculture, reduce the impacts of disaster, and help them adapt to a changing climate. Through insurance for work they build irrigation systems, which help crops thrive during dry spells. They make compost to fertilize the fields. They reclaim the degraded environment by planting trees. And since work is one of a farmer's surest assets, by trading it for insurance, farmers with little else can build and protect their future. Farmers can grow their savings to cushion the hard times. They can secure the credit they need to buy the equipment and drought-resistant seeds that promise bigger and better crops. They can launch small businesses that will help feed their families and ensure their children stay in school. So when you invest in rural resilience, you•re helping farmers, their families, and their communities become stronger. What started with 200 households has reached 13,000 over three years and will expand to three more countries, growing village-by-village, border-to-border. Managing risks costs less than managing a crisis. Rural resilience. It just makes sense. >> FRANCES MOORE LAPPE [Writer and Activist, author of "Diet for a Small Planet"]: I say there's no food crisis because, in fact, there's enough food in the world for us all to eat well. There's actually more food per person produced today than when I began focusing on this 40 years ago. In fact, there's more than enough for us all, even on the leftovers - after waste, because people are too poor to store their food; or we throw it out, in the industrial countries, we don't eat it; so waste accounts for about a third of the possible food. But on top of that, only about half of the grain produced in our world goes directly to feed people. The rest of it goes first through livestock or now into producing fuel. So we have a tremendous amount of waste that is built into our food production system. So the real crisis is a crisis of the quality of human relationships -- how we share in power, so that all of us have a voice over the most essential things of life, including food. >> VOICEOVER: Don't go away: when we return, farmers in Vietnam prepare for drought or flood using some new techniques that will help them feed their families either way. >> VOICEOVER: The drought in the horn of Africa may be the center of attention today, but it's not the only region grappling with an unpredictable climate. Farmers in Vietnam are used to dealing with seasonal floods, but thanks in part to climate change, droughts are a fact of life now too. Vietnam is a prime candidate for the insurance programs being tested in Ethiopia, but in the meantime, uncertainty reigns here. This short from Oxfam shows how farmers are learning to weather droughts and floods alike. >> TITLE: Hardest Hit: Vietnam, Oxfam America, Vietnam >> HUYNH KHANH HOA [Water Management Expert, Bac Ai]: In the future, with more changes in the climate, there will be more droughts. >> NGUYEN THI THU THUY [Aid Worker, Vietnam]: Because of the climate change, droughts almost happen every year, with different levels of severity. The people suffer a lot. >> CHAMALEA BAC [Community Leader]: I'm highly concerned about global warming and the impacts of climate change. The weather changes make it hard to determine when it is time to plant crops. >> TITLE: Vietnam: Bac Ai >> VOICEOVER: Southeast Asia is known for its floods. But the unpredictable weather caused by climate change has also led to devastating droughts. In Vietnam, farmers who depend on rainfall to irrigate their crops struggle to earn a living and feed their families. The situation is especially difficult in the Bac Ai district in the Ninh Thuan province. This area has the hottest temperatures, least rainfall, and some of the worst poverty rates in all of Vietnam. >> NGUYEN THI THU THUY: Bac Ai is one of the 61 poorest districts in the country, which received special attention from the government. More than 60 percent of the people in this district are living on an income of less than 12 dollars per month. >> CHAMALEA BAC: I have lived here for more than 30 years; my family is a farming family. I am highly concerned about global warming and the impacts of climate change, because it has not only affected me, but also my community. Everybody is affected. >> VOICEOVER: The Rag Lai people, an ethnic minority who make up most of the Bac Ai population, are among the hardest hit. >> PI-NANG THI GIAO [Rice and Cashew Farmer]: My husband and I have a rice field, but we do not get much from it. We have five months of dry season and only two to three months of rainy season. Sometimes it rains too much, and sometimes it rains too little. >> VOICEOVER: While many Vietnamese people are accustomed to managing floods, the Rag Lai people find dealing with droughts to be the real challenge. >> PI-NANG THI MAI [Commune Chairwoman]: Climate change affects the people here, especially those who depend on agriculture for their incomes. When it's too sunny, there's no grass for the cows. Rice and corn die when there's too much sun. The water resources are drying out. >> CHAMALEA BAC: After the drought, our family lost two and a half acres of corn and two and a half acres of rice. We lost two cows. People didn't have fresh water, so we had to take water from the streams, which is a little more than a half-mile walk from here. The quality of the water was bad; it caused skin diseases and stomach disease. >> VOICEOVER: The Rag Lai people are working to adapt to harsher growing conditions. With the help of the government, they are bringing more clean water to their communities, and they are learning how to cultivate crops and raise animals that can survive dry spells. >> HUYNH KHANH HOA: When this reservoir is completed, we can be in more control: increasing the water for irrigation when it is needed, or reducing it when it is not. >> NGUYEN THI THU THUY: The local government provides the construction of the big reservoir, and from Oxfam's side, we support them with training to the local people to enable them to manage the water system effectively. >> VOICEOVER: The local farmers are growing hardier crops, like certain varieties of rice, cashews and corn. >> KATOR CHUONG [Rice and Cashew Farmer]: In the morning, my wife and I work on the rice field, and later we work in the cashew garden. Most of our food comes from the rice field. Oxfam's training showed us a technique for growing rice. I know more now. Before, I didn't know when it was the best time to plant the rice in the ground, and when to stop planting. >> VOICEOVER: And in Bac Ai, they're also raising different breeds of livestock that need less water and fodder. >> PI-NANG KHUYEN [Cow Farmer]: My name is Pi-nang Khuyen, I'm 22 years old and I'm a cow farmer. I don't have much education because my parents are poor. I'm happy to have the cow; once she gives birth, life will be easier. I chose to raise a cow because it is easier to take care of than other animals. The cow survives the dry season better here. I have to feed other livestock and give water three to four times a day. But for the cow, it's only two times a day. >> VOICEOVER: For communities that have worked the land for generations, these strategies have helped make responding to the changing climate conditions easier. Using their new skills, the reservoir, and irrigation canals, farmers can continue to provide for their families doing what they know best: farming. >> CHAMALEA BAC: We are learning how to adapt to climate changes. We are beginning to understand how to change our farming and crops. People are learning better ways to plant and raise livestock. All of this has contributed to increasing the incomes of the local people. >> VOICEOVER: As World Food Day arrives, the famine in Somalia takes on a new symbolism. With food surpluses in so many parts of the world, famine in Africa or anywhere else seems simply unacceptable. Insurance is one tool to fight hunger, but there are so many more: fair access to land and water, an aggressive focus on climate change, and a pledge from governments and companies to invest in local farmers. The rains in Africa may or may not fall next season, or the season after, or the season after that. But perhaps by then, farmers there will have the resilience to endure it all. >> FRANCES MOORE LAPPE: Let's be really clear that hunger is not a place, a place in Africa, or any place somewhere. Even in the richest country in the world, in the United States today, one in seven of us are dependent on food stamps. So let's think of hunger as a set of relationships that have just gotten completely out of whack. And we can right those relationships, we can help empower ourselves so that others can be empowered too, because the world produces more than enough for all of us to thrive. >> VOICEOVER: Want to learn more about drought, climate change, or anything else you saw here? Head over to ViewChange.org/TV, where you can watch, read, and get involved in projects that are making a real difference. Watch the films you just saw, and over 400 more from around the world, at ViewChange.org/TV. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/trachoma-preventing-and-treating-blindness Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, a painful sensation caused by bacteria that feels like sand stuck beneath the eyelid. Helen Keller International is advancing techniques and knowledge to treat and prevent this disease. Thu, 06 Oct 2011 08:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/trachoma-preventing-and-treating-blindness Trachoma, Sub-Saharan Africa, Trichiasis, Water & Sanitation, Tanzania, Africa, Blindness, Mtwara Region, Eyelash, Eyelid >> TITLE: Helen Keller International >> TITLE: Complex problems, simple solutions: Trachoma: preventing and treating blindness. >> PETER NYANDA [HKI Coordinator, Eye Health]: Trachoma is an infectious disease that affects the upper eyelid of a human being. A bacterium causes it, and it affects most people in places where there is a lack of proper hygiene and sanitation. If you are suffering from trachoma, when the eyelashes are blinking they cause scarring of the cornea of the eyes. >> AMINA FAKIHI [Tandahimba District, Mtwara, Tanzania]: At night, in the afternoon, all the time. I wipe my eyes but nothing comes out. It seems like there is sand in them, but nothing comes out. >> PETER NYANDA: The more you blink, the more pain there is, every second of your life until you get treated. >> AMINA FAKIHI: If I am treated and I am able to see, I will be very grateful. >> TITLE: Complex problems, simple solutions: Trachoma is the number one cause of preventable blindness in the world. Trichiasis, the last phase of this disease, causes blindness that can be corrected through surgery. HKI trains surgeons, provides antibiotics, and educates communities to reduce blindness from trachoma. >> PIRMIN NYERIO [Nurse, Trichiasis Specialist]: Most people who are affected by this disease do not have the capacity to access the medical services that are available. For those patients of trichiasis, if they don't have any place to get service, they usually take a small knife to cut the eyelashes. That technique relieves pain temporarily, but the eyelashes are very sharp after being cut, so they eyelashes are rubbing the cornea and one is becoming blind from trachoma. One principle of saving the blind is you as care provider have to follow the blind patient to give the service. There were no surgeons in hard to reach areas, so we thought of training surgeons so the patients could benefit from their service. >> PETER NYANDA: During the selection of trainees, we made sure that trainees come from the grassroots level. The majority of them are clinical officers, so they meet the community each and every day. They are the community doctors, if you will. So they play a major role in addressing trachoma at the local level. >> PIRMIN NYERIO: In our district we sent four surgeons and they've already been trained. If the procedure was done very nicely, there is no chance of recurrence. If the surgery is successful, I feel nice because they'll say, "Oh, that's a good surgeon!" >> TITLE: Complex problems, simple solutions: HKI helps prevent trachoma by empowering communities to take control of their own health. >> FROWIN CHITTANDA [HKI Program Officer, Eye Health]: The School Health Program is a key program. HKI is trying to educate children to give them knowledge on the disease so that they can take preventive measures so they don't contract the disease. The simple kind of face wash can help them to prevent trachoma. Just a simple face wash. >> PETER NYANDA: Primary school kids can be very good ambassadors to the rest of the communities. They can bring the message home. Development can work better if it starts from within. >> FROWIN CHITTANDA: With international efforts put together, you can always dream of success in the future. >> TITLE: Helen Keller International, www.hki.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/orange-fleshed-sweet-potatoes Sometimes the best solution to a complex problem is the simplest. In the Lake Victoria region of Tanzania, communities are tackling the root causes of blindness and malnutrition by switching from white-fleshed to orange-fleshed sweet potatoes. Wed, 05 Oct 2011 09:58:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/orange-fleshed-sweet-potatoes Tanzania, Agriculture & Food, Malnutrition, Blindness, Vitamin A, Africa, Vitamin A deficiency, Subsistence farming, Lake Victoria, Sub-Saharan Africa >> TITLE: Helen Keller International >> TITLE: Complex problems, simple solutions: eat orange for sight and life-saving vitamin A. >> TITLE: Lake Victoria Region, Tanzania >> MARY KABATI [Coordinator for HKI's Local Partner]: The sweet potato is very important to a Tanzanian woman, especially one who comes from around Lake Victoria. Sweet potatoes have been there for years, but they are mostly white-fleshed. Those are the ones that you commonly see at the market. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes are quite different. They have good color; you want to eat them. In addition, they have an added value of vitamin A. >> TITLE: Complex problems, simple solutions: vitamin A deficiency is the number one cause of childhood blindness and also compromises the immune system, increasing risk of death. HKI promotes the production and consumption of vitamin A-rich foods like orange-fleshed sweet potatoes to reduce vitamin A deficiency. >> MARY KABATI: When we heard about the orange-fleshed sweet potatoes and their importance to health, we thought that now is the time to move from white-fleshed and introduce the orange-fleshed sweet potatoes to our target communities. >> MARGARET BENJAMIN [HKI Nutrition Coordinator]: We think that promoting orange-fleshed sweet potatoes will be a very good idea, since it is a nutrient-rich crop with a lot of vitamin A. Our children will be having a double advantage: they are having a vitamin A-rich food as well as getting the calories that they need for the day. >> THERESA KIYEGA [Mother and Farmer]: At first we were surprised because we had different potato seeds. But after we harvested, they were all the same - sweet and soft. We like them. >> MARY KABATI: We found out that they were very popular among women and children. >> THERESA KIYEGA: We planted the seeds on the fourth of January, and after one month we weeded, and we weeded again one month after that. In April, the potatoes were ready to be harvested. In May we were taught to cook them differently. Now we cook them on our own. >> MARY KABATI: With the orange-fleshed sweet potato, you can prepare a variety of dishes. You can prepare good weaning food like porridge. You can prepare some samosas, cakes, biscuits, crisps, which also can be marketable. If you want to have a good income, instead of just selling fresh roots, you can sell products. >> THERESA KIYEGA: Now that we have completed the training, we see that this program will bring us great benefits if we receive it well and work on it. We will improve the income in the family. If I roast the potatoes, we will be able to sell the chips. >> MARY KABATI: Once the communities were told about the benefits of vitamin A, they nicknamed the potato, "medicinal potato," because it does so many things for the body. I think we can make it so that the children will not be deficient in vitamin A anymore. >> TITLE: Helen Keller International, www.hki.org http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-small-act Chris Mburu grew up poor in Kenya, at the top of his class but unable to pay his school fees. He was on the verge of dropping out when a Swedish woman sponsored him, allowing Mburu to continue his studies and fulfill his potential. Now a human rights lawyer for the United Nations and a Harvard grad, Mburu has started a scholarship program of his own to give the next generation the opportunity he received. Wed, 05 Oct 2011 08:58:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-small-act Kenya, Education, A Small Act, Human rights, United Nations, Child, Secondary school, Foreign Assistance, LinkTV Picks >> TITLE: A Small Act >> CHRIS MBURU [Human Rights Lawyer, United Nations]: I come from this village in central Kenya. I was the top student in the district, but if you did not have money you got kicked out of school. I used to be sent home for long periods of time. Even though I was the top student in the district, I still needed to pay. There happened to be a foundation that was helping bright children from poor families. This program assigned benefactors out in Sweden with beneficiaries here in Kenya. A woman named Hilde Back walked into my life and changed it. Hilde Back started supporting me through primary school and part of secondary school, and I became more confident and I was beginning to think that maybe I had a future. I wanted to start a foundation that would support bright children from poor families, a sort of a replica of the Swedish foundation, only that I wanted this to be a Kenyan foundation helping Kenyan children. So I decided to called the foundation the Hilde Back Education Fund. I'm based in Geneva and I am working for the United Nations, and I'm working for the Anti-Discrimination Unit. I work all over the world. When I was in Congo, I was a human rights officer investigating genocide and crimes against humanity. When I was in Sierra Leone, I was with a peacekeeping operation. In the Rwandan genocide, we had mobs of youths descending upon their neighbors and hacking them to death. You have so many people that are jobless, that are uneducated, and who can be paid an insignificant amount of money to carry out heinous crimes. For me, education is a life or death issue. Sometimes the roots causes of these conflicts are just sitting there, gazing at us, but we don't identify them, we don't put a finger on them. >> TITLE: Each year, the Hilde Back Foundation picks the top students from each school to receive a scholarship for secondary school. >> CHRIS MBURU: Let's begin. How are all of you? >> STUDENTS: Fine. >> CHRIS MBURU: Now, I want to read the names of the children we selected. The next one is Moses Waweru Njeri. He went to Giathieko School. >> WOMAN: Well done Moses. >> CHRIS MBURU: Next is Peris Nyambura. >> CHRIS MBURU: Part of the reason why I would like these kids to be educated is because when you have a society that is very, very ignorant, it becomes the breeding ground for violence, it becomes the breeding ground for misinformation, it becomes the breeding ground for intolerance. >> CHRIS MBURU: Next is Patrick Kimani Nyambura. >> CHRIS MBURU: You have to say, "I know that I cannot provide support, relief, and help to all the suffering that is around me." So sometimes it is just as good to help one child. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/women-master-the-art-of-farming Varsha Jawalgekar reports on a group of inspiring women in Patna who have mastered the art of traditional farming and are collectively doing everything that was once done by men only. Now, they can sell their produce and make money for their families. Mon, 12 Sep 2011 10:59:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/women-master-the-art-of-farming India, Agriculture & Food, Gender, Agriculture, Patriarchy, Gender equality, Farmer, Collective farming, Patna district, Bihar >> VARSHA JAWALGEKAR [IndiaUnheard, Bihar]: From history, it is apparent that women discovered agriculture. But, neither in India nor elsewhere are women recognized as farmers. They don't have access to agriculture. In farming, the hardest process is controlling the plough. And in most places in India, women are prohibited from holding the plough. In Bihar, women have never been recognized as farmers. Social organizations based in Bihar's capital city Patna, namely Ekta Parishad and Praxis, conducted a piece of participatory action research where it was found that only one percent of women in Bihar have ownership of land. >> PRADEEP [NGO Worker]: The practice of giving women a low status in a patriarchal society should be abolished. The image of women as farmers needs to be established in the society so that women have access to land and are able to sell their crops in markets. >> VARSHA JAWALGEKAR: Coming from a background with such disparities, Munnadevi seems a ray of hope. She is a woman farmer. She is from Bara village in Patna district. >> VARSHA JAWALGEKAR: How did you start collective farming?>> MUNNADEVI [Bara Village]: I organized a meeting of all the women in this village and collected two rupees from each one. I thought of using this money for the benefit of the women. I also took some help from my brother (an activist from the Ekta Parishad NGO) and decided to start farming for a living. So we got seeds and started sowing them. Since there is not much rain here, we started irrigating our land by renting a water motor. >> VARSHA JAWALGEKAR: What is your opinion about women taking up farming in your village?>> RAGHUNI MANJHI [Bara Village]: Good to see every girl and woman from this village being part of this collective effort. >> DHORA CHOWDHARY [Bara Village]: There are always gains and benefits. >> VARSHA JAWALGEKAR: How do you feel about this initiative?>> DHORA CHOWDHARY: I feel nice. This collective farming will definitely yield fruits in the future. >> MUNNADEVI: These women like to work hard to earn money for food. >> VARSHA JAWALGEKAR: What do you have to say when men laugh at you?>> MUNNADEVI: They should continue laughing while we will continue farming. >> SUBHASH: In Bara village, women started collective farming in 2008. Taking inspiration from this, women from neighboring villages have taken up collective farming.>> VARSHA JAWALGEKAR: Munnadevi has decided to farm. Once again, there are changes afoot in Bihar. I'm Varsha, reporting for IndiaUnheard from Bihar. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/eco-friendly-bricks-from-fly-ash Unprocessed fly ash is a toxic and environmentally harmful by-product of thermal power. Yet an innovative Indian company has come up with a way to recycle fly ash by turning it into eco-friendly bricks, cheaply made and used in construction. Mon, 12 Sep 2011 08:59:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/eco-friendly-bricks-from-fly-ash India, Environment, Sustainable development, Fly ash bricks, Fly ash, Environmentally friendly, Chhattisgarh, Construction, Raipur, Video Volunteers >> SARWAT NAQVI [IndiaUnheard, Chhattisgarh]: Fly ash is a by-product of thermal power. Let us find out how this fly ash is used to produce bricks that are used in the construction industry. >> SARWAT NAQVI: What are the benefits of bricks made up of fly ash? >> VIVEK CHAURASIA [Brick Factory Owner]: Fly ash is quite harmful to the environment if it is used in thermal factories. But, if fly ash is used as a by-product from a power plant, it could be mixed with other raw materials and made into bricks. In this way, it is eco-friendly and is put to good use. >> SARWAT NAQVI: Can you tell us more about these fly ash bricks? >> VIVEK CHAURASIA: Fly ash bricks are made mainly using three things: fly ash, gypsum, and lime. Sand and gravel are used as well. Fifty to sixty percent of this mixture consists of fly ash. All raw materials are mixed and pressurized in a machine to make bricks. This is a three day nurtured brick. You could toss this any which way, yet it wouldn't break. The most important process is the curing. >> SARWAT NAQVI: How much curing is required? >> VIVEK CHAURASIA: Twice a day, for a period of seven days. After seven days, these bricks are ready to be sold. >> GOPAL [Building Contractor]: Ninety percent of people prefer this brick. Government engineers approve it. All the housing boards and other government construction in Raipur are using it. Its strength is suitable for heavy construction. And, it is clean too. >> SARWAT NAQVI: So what is the benefit of these bricks in comparison with traditional red bricks? >> ANJOR DAS [Building Contractor]: It is comparatively cheaper. They are bigger than red bricks. Fly ash bricks require less water to prepare. >> VIVEK CHAURASIA: A majority of government projects, panchayat work, and housing board constructions would mandatorily have to use fly ash bricks. >> SARWAT NAQVI: Chhattisgarh's environmental protection board has included fly ash bricks into third sector industry. There is a 35 percent subsidy on it. So in order to conserve the environment, this is a very good initiative. I hope these bricks are used more often in order to sustain a good environment. This is Sarwat Naqvi from Raipur, Chhattisgarh, reporting for IndiaUnheard. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/beyond-belief From the ruins of the World Trade Center to those of Kabul, Susan Retik and Patti Quigley embark on a journey of personal strength and international reconciliation. Through empowering Afghan widows whose lives have been ravaged by decades of war, poverty and oppression, they believe that peace can be forged one woman at a time. Thu, 08 Sep 2011 08:35:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/beyond-belief Afghanistan, Gender, Kabul, Widow, Women in Afghanistan, Women's rights in Afghanistan, CARE, Cycle of poverty, Beyond the 11th, Poverty >> TITLE: There are 500,000 widows living in Afghanistan -- a result of 23 years of war. Only eight percent know how to read or write, and their average income is USD$16 per month, compared to USD$46 for male-headed households. >> PATTI QUIGLEY [9/11 widow]: Susan came to me with the idea of helping a widow. That was the original idea, helping a widow. If we can connect with two widows, that Susan and I could each help, that was the original idea. >> SUSAN RETIK [9/11 widow]: We realized very quickly that the amount of money that we were talking about could clearly help many more than just one woman, because the cost of living over there is so low compared to the United States. >> CLEMENTINA CANTONI [CARE Afghanistan]: It's been estimated that in Kabul alone, there are between thirty and fifty thousand widows. These women and their children are trapped in a cycle of poverty, because if children don't go to school, they have no future either. It's a vicious circle that keeps repeating itself. >> PATTI QUIGLEY: Clementina was the first person that we met that had actually been working in Afghanistan. >> CLEMENTINA CANTONI: What we propose to do with your grant is there are a number of women who've been participating in our poultry project and have received incubators. This has yielded really good results; the incubators are working, they are able to make healthy chicks that they can then sell or keep to make eggs. >> SUSAN RETIK: I would love to go to Afghanistan and really get a sense of these people and their culture. Right now, we're learning through reading books or newspaper articles, or speaking to people who have been there, or talking to people from Afghanistan. But until you can see it and feel it and smell it and taste it, I don't feel like we'll truly have a sense of the plight of these women. >> CLEMENTINA CANTONI: It's very difficult to give the flavor or a real picture of what it's like for a woman living in Afghanistan, whereas just one day touring our project would, I think, answer all the questions they could have. >> SIGN: Welcome to Kabul >> SIGN: CARE International in Afghanistan, Poultry Project, District 5 >> SUSAN RETIK: Thank you all for having us here. It's an honor and a privilege to finally meet you. I live in the United States, in Boston, which is near New York. >> WOMAN: You are Susan. We know you. You are like us. They describe to me, they're the people that gave us 15 chicks. We already know this. Thank you for coming here. >> SUSAN RETIK: That gives me chills. >> SUSAN RETIK: Most of the time, it feels to me like we raise a chunk of money, we give it to different organizations, who then help these women. >> PATTI QUIGLEY: How are they doing taking care of the chickens? >> SUSAN RETIK: But in fact, it is very specific what it is that we are giving to. Four hundred widows, to receive fifteen chicks, a certain amount of chicken feed. And those four hundred women are really four hundred women, which sounds so ridiculous, but part of me feels like it wasn't just "Oh, we're helping women in Afghanistan." We are helping these people in Afghanistan. >> SUSAN RETIK: Before we met you, we wanted to help you. Now that we've met you, we really want to help you. We will tell your stories when we go home, and we will let people know, and we will continue to help support you. We'll continue to work hard. >> SUSAN RETIK: It's not just a story; it's not just words. It's these people. Putting a face to the words is what makes it so powerful. >> PATTI QUIGLEY: A lot of what we've talked about with the media this week and with the women is about 9/11, and I don't want to be there anymore. I want to talk about the women, and what they need. That also has become clear to me, I can still get that message across, that these women need a lot of help, and it doesn't really matter what happened to me. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/project-rhino Arjun lives in one of Calcutta's many urban slums. For the first time in his life, he has the opportunity to attend school. His father earns a dollar a day pulling a rickshaw around city streets and has never received an education. He is grateful for the chance his son has to pursue his dream of becoming a doctor and ending the cycle of poverty for their entire family. Fri, 02 Sep 2011 11:06:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/project-rhino India, Education, Poverty reduction, Rickshaw, Cycle of poverty, LinkTV Picks >> FATHER: I am a rickshaw puller. I ride from morning until night. >> RUHI PRASAD [Project Rhino]: That's one of the oldest means of earning a livelihood in Calcutta. The unfortunate part of it is that they earn not more than a dollar a day. These men are trying to feed families that run into five, ten people, so most of them have very tough lives. >> FATHER: I don't want my son to pull a rickshaw like me. >> RUHI PRASAD: If you have no money for education, what is your son going to do? So the child grows up seeing the father pulling the rickshaw, and for lack of having anything else to do he ends up doing the same job. >> SISTER: My family is illiterate. Nobody in my family has ever gone to school. >> ARJUN: I do chores, like go to the store, get water from the pond for rice, and buy the firewood. >> RUHI PRASAD: You realize that if you don't bring education there, you're never going to be able to break this vicious cycle. You need an external force, and that's what we're trying to bring in with Project Rhino. We are trying to bring education to children. >> SISTER: The first day of school he was afraid. But I told him to go to school and learn. >> ARJUN: The first day of school I was scared. I didn't know anyone. >> RUHI PRASAD: I think one of our biggest mistakes was not being prepared for the response. We were flooded with so many people. There is definitely a huge amount of potential. There are more than 100 students waiting to get in. We are not able to go in because of the resources. And that's hopefully our five-year plan, to be able to address and reach out to more people, more children. >> ARJUN: I like going to school now. When I grow up, I want to be a doctor to help others. >> FATHER: My son wants to be a doctor. This is my heart's desire. >> TITLE: It costs one dollar a day to send Arjun to school. To send another child to school, visit www.projectrhino.com. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-voice-of-kibera-workshop KiberaTV reporter Wilfred Masea checks in on Voice of Kibera, a citizen journalism project that is working to improve the communication capacity of the community. It is an initiative of Map Kibera, using the innovative Ushahidi platform to curate and map reports. Thu, 01 Sep 2011 09:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-voice-of-kibera-workshop Africa, Community media, Kenya, Ushahidi, Technology, Media, Kibera, East Africa, Nairobi, KiberaTV >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> WILFRED MASEA [Reporter]: Voice of Kibera is a community-based organization that is an initiative of Map Kibera. They recently held a workshop at Mchanganyiko Hall in Kibera Karanja. The workshop was organized to spread the word about the site and to involve the community in collecting news. Voice of Kibera is an online news collecting and information-sharing platform. The site aggregates news through people sending in short text messages and submitting online reports. An editorial board, consisting of youths from six different organizations in Kibera, approves and verifies the incoming reports. The site collaborates with other community media contributors, such as KiberaTV, to help gather news. Today was a day to attract and train more SMS reporters and also take participants through the process of news verification. >> SANDE WYCLIFFE [Voice of Kibera Editorial Member]: I'm Sande Wycliffe, and I'm here to run a workshop on the Voice of Kibera. We are introducing new people to the Voice of Kibera platform. People are in favor of change and want the platform to be more prevalent in the Kibera slum. People want to see it accessible to everybody, in terms of what the platform can do for the people of Kibera. Above all, people want this information to reach the larger population of Kibera. >> JAMES AGUMBA [Participant]: We came here to dialogue about the Voice of Kibera platform. This is about a new technology that focuses on resolution mechanisms as they pertain to the security level in the community, and the referral system and response mechanism in case there is any kind of incident, be it fire, sexual/gender based violence, any kind of conflict, any case that can violate any person's rights. In addition to that, if there is any type of positive story that is coming from anywhere within Kibera, then it can be reported through SMS code 3002. We have seen that when you SMS this number, it directly goes to the Voice of Kibera. They vet it, they read it, and if it is urgent, if it needs an immediate response, then they look at the possible ways in which they can respond to what's said. We have included many organizations in the site. We identify organizations on the grassroots level so that in case an opportunity arises they can refer to a particular organization that relays a direct link towards that kind of subject opportunity. >> WILFRED MASEA: Participants also were given a platform to give feedback on what they'd want the site to do in its future programs. Wilfred Masea, KiberaTV, Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-carving-bones-to-earn-income Kibera's Victorious Youth Group has devised an unconventional path to job creation and income generation. They teach youth how to carve bones, creating beautiful necklaces, earrings, and bracelets to sell at local markets. Thu, 01 Sep 2011 08:44:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-carving-bones-to-earn-income Kenya, Employment, Kibera, Technology, Nairobi, Bone carving, KiberaTV, Hot Sun Foundation >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> WILFRED MASEA [Reporter]: There are many ways to generate income apart from official jobs. Everyone works hard to make a living, and many come up with their own businesses. As the country gives birth to new ideas, everyone is struggling harder and harder to change his or her environment. In Kibera Soweto, we came across Victorious Youth Group. This organized has transformed the lives of many youths through bone carving. George Otieno, the group coordinator and one of the first members, has been able to feed his family and provide school fees for his children through bone carving. >> GEORGE OTIENO [Coordinator, Victorious Youth Group]: I have a family and they all depend on the small income I earn from this job. >> WILFRED MASEA: As we walk around, Kenneth Ochieng, one of youth group members, took us through the bone carving process and also shared with us some of the challenges they face. >> KENNETH OCHIENG [Member, Victorious Youth Group]: I am a member of the Victorious Youth Group, and our work is bones carving. We make earrings, necklaces, and bracelets. The only challenge we are facing now is marketing. After our job is done, sometimes is takes too long to find a market. >> WILFRED MASEA: The group urges youth to be independent and not wait for government employment. They believe everyone can employ themselves through business ideas. >> GEORGE OTIENO: According to Kenya's Constitution, you must be at least 18 years old or above to be employed. My advice is, if you relax you will never succeed. Take a chance, and even if it doesn't work out perfectly, it may get you through life. >> JACK NYAWANGA [Member, Victorious Youth Group]: This job will change the lives of the youth. The conditions of tomorrow will be different than those of today. Our vision as Victorious Youth Group is to deal with the unemployed youth in Kibera. We have many youth in Kibera who dropped out of school and are desperate without jobs. This job is good to them. We hope that in the years to come, Victorious will be a big company and able to will create job opportunities to the jobless. >> WILFRED MASEA: Wilfred Masea, reporting for KiberaTV, Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-kdi-cleans-up-kibera Kounkey Design Initiative is a unique organization that collaborates with communities in impoverished areas to create public spaces that improve quality of life. They've teamed up with the residents in one of Kibera's poorest areas to turn a dump into a community center and daycare facility. Wed, 31 Aug 2011 08:23:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-kdi-cleans-up-kibera Kenya, Water & Sanitation, Environment, Mashimoni, Laini Saba, Africa, Kibera, Nairobi, KiberaTV, Hot Sun Foundation >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> WILFRED MASEA [Reporter]: KDI [Kounkey Design Initiative] is an organization in Kibera that is working with the community and educating the community on how to improve their environment and also how to generate income through small projects. KDI has been undertaking different kinds of projects in the community. Chelina Odbert, the organization's CEO, has now started up a new project on sanitation. The residents of Kibera Laini Saba gathered all around to do the clean up and to build a new site for this project. >> MARY NGONYO [Laina Saba Resident]: Today, us women of Kibera Mashimoni have gathered together to do the clean up. The reason for the clean up is that we want to start a new project on sanitation. As residents, we are working on this project to avoid sickness and disease. >> JEAN [Business Consultant, KDI]: I'm Jean, I'm here today working with KDI. Today we're cleaning up the site. This site was a major dumping ground for a lot of people in the area, and what we're doing is we're going to build a series of projects here. We've talked to the community, we've had several meetings, and we've asked them what they wanted. They said they wanted a toilet, they said they wanted a place that they could meet, they wanted a daycare for their children, they wanted a playground. So today is the first day that we're actually working on the ground to help clean up the site and set up the foundation to build these things for the community. >> WILFRED MASEA: Laini Saba, which is widely known as one of the non-secure villages in Kibera and is full of dumping sites, today experienced a new kind of idea. >> BERNARD ASANYA [Laina Saba Resident]: Disposal of garbage everywhere and a lack of toilets is the reason for today's project. Today we've kicked off this new project so that we can build toilets and create a good site for the residents. The residents have gathered together is large numbers to support this project. We have around 150 residents who have come out for this clean up project. >> JEAN: My hope is that there will be a physical place where the community can meet, that they community will become closer, and that they will be able to interact with each other better and also become economically stronger. >> WILFRED MASEA: As KDI is trying to educate the community; many are having good thoughts for tomorrow. Wilfred Masea, KiberaTV, Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-youth-empowerment-through-agriculture In a space where most saw a dumping ground for debris in the 2008 post-election violence, one community-based organization in Kibera saw the potential for an urban farm. Now they are re-educating youth in agricultural techniques and increasing food security in a dense urban setting. Tue, 30 Aug 2011 08:41:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-youth-empowerment-through-agriculture Agriculture & Food, Africa, Kenya, SIFE, Urban agriculture, Community development, Kibera, Nairobi, University of Nairobi, KiberaTV >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> ALICE MOTIERI [Reporter]: Down in Darajani Kambimuru, youths have joined together to start a greenhouse project to provide the community with greens. This site used to be a dumping place, but now it has been transformed into a garden. >> MOHAMED ABDULLAHI MOHAMED [Organizing Secretary, Sulphur Blue Youth Reforms]: I'm the organizing secretary of Youth Reforms, which is the oldest CBO [Community-Based Organization] in Kibera. It was started in 1995, and Youth Reform has come a long way. The youth were commiting a lot of crime in this area, in the neighborhoods, and we knew it was not a good idea to do muggings, to rob people. That's why we put our heads together and started up projects that will help the community and help us. So far we have done a lot of things. First of all, right here where we are now was a dumping site in 2008 due to post-election violence. We had money, and all the markets were brought down, the shops and the houses. So we decided it was an asset that was here for all those years. We decided to put up a farm, so at least we would have food right at our doorstep. Our main aim is to help our community, and the youth specifically, to go back to agriculture. We are in urban settings, and a lot of people have migrated here from rural areas. Most of them have forgotten agriculture. So one part of it is education. Secondly, we are trying to provide them with food. So we are trying to utilize each and every space that we have to put up a farm. >> ALICE MOTIERI: The youths depend on this project for their livelihood and they are very much determined to produce as much as they can despite the challenges. >> MOHAMED ABDULLAHI MOHAMED: The biggest challenge is to maintain it. If you don't maintain it, that will be a challenge. Another will be to keep people out when we are using pesticides. When we had a farm here, before we put up the greenhouse, a group called Kibera Youth Initiative for Community Development was supporting it. We got some funding, and we have a partnership with the University of Nairobi. They call themselves SIFE, Students In Free Enterprise. They are the ones who we are in partnership with right now with this greenhouse. >> ALICE MOTIERI: Reporting for KiberaTV, Alice Motieri, Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-kemricdc-project A new home-based HIV testing and counseling program in Kibera is neutralizing the social stigma of being seen going into a clinic to be tested. The program builds on the idea that people will be more comfortable getting tested and receiving information about HIV/AIDS in the privacy of their homes. Mon, 29 Aug 2011 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-kemricdc-project Kenya, Africa, Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kibera, AIDS, Youth, Education, Circumcision >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> WILFRED MASEA [Reporter]: KEMRI/CDC is a home-based counseling and HIV/AIDS testing group that has young men and women moving from door to door with an aim of educating youths, young men, and women on HIV/AIDS. As the rate of HIV/AIDS keeps on growing higher, it is said that 78 percent of couples in Kenya do not know their partner's HIV status. The result also indicates that 7 percent of people aged sixteen to sixty-four years are infected with HIV/AIDS. I have been tested, and I am HIV negative. Do you know your status? KEMRI/CDC, a home-based HIV counseling group, is here for you. Have you been tested? According to statistics, 1.4 million adults in Kenya are living with HIV/AIDS, which also indicates that 56 percent have never been tested, while 28 percent think that they are not infected with HIV/AIDS. CDC is working hard to transform and educate youth in Kibera through a dummy, and also educating them on ways to protect themselves. It is also proven that the medical procedure of male circumcision reduces the risk of getting HIV/AIDS. >> WOMAN [KEMRI/CDC Counselor]: When you use a condom with your partner, you will never doubt yourself on any infection, since you are using protection. We are also campaigning for voluntary male medical circumcision. It has been researched and proved that circumcised men have a reduced risk of contracting HIV by 60 percent. >> WILFRED MASEA: According to them, a large number of young people find it hard to get tested, and have a negative perspective towards the outcome of the results. But through home visits, many of the youths are able to express their views freely, feeling more comfortable being at home than going to health centers for the test. >> AMOS WANDERA [Student]: My name is Amos Wandera, I come from here in Kibera and right now I'm a student. Most of the time, initially, people always fear being seen going into a testing center, because their colleagues will believe that he doubts himself. But the initiative that the KEMRI people have taken to visit people in their houses gives more people the confidence to be tested because nobody will see you out going for HIV testing. You'll just be tested in your house, and there will not be any doubt at any particular time. It is confidential, not very public. >> WILFRED MASEA: This is also another way of educating the whole family on HIV/AIDS matters, matters that many parents do not like to share with their children. >> AMOS WANDERA: We are in another century, whereby we need to understand the reality about HIV/AIDS; we need to know our status so that we may live a good life. So being tested near your parents, near your wife, near your kid, it shows a positive picture of development in the developing world. Well, first of all, I was not tested when I was first going to be tested. I felt like I was scared, I really didn't want to make this particular move. But slowly, within my discussion with the counselor, I really gathered that confidence. And the last time, when she opened her kit, and I saw that it was only one line, which indicated that I'm negative, I felt like jumping up. I felt like I've been renewed, because I didn't trust that I was really negative. I always believe that everybody is positive unless proven negative. So that was the shoe I was in. But when I received that information I saw it myself that I was negative. It was like I was jumping from the seat I was sitting on, and said, "I've been born again. I'm new, I'm clean." So I was so happy. >> WILFRED MASEA: After going through the test, young girls, boys, men, and women, whether negative or positive, are educated on how to be faithful, having one partner, and also how to use protection. Wilfred Masea, reporting for KiberaTV, Nairobi. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-amani-lazima-at-kamkunji Creating and fostering a sense of community is one of the best ways to build a grassroots peace movement. Amani Lazima is a monthly event that does just that, bringing people together throughout Nairobi's many slums in an effort to break down tribal barriers and build alliances. Mon, 29 Aug 2011 08:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-amani-lazima-at-kamkunji Kenya, Education, Ethnic conflict, Korogocho, Kibera, Kangemi, Nairobi, Mathare, KiberaTV, Hot Sun Foundation >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> WILFRED MASEA [Reporter]: Wapi is a British council platform that deals with poets, fashion design, artists, and dancers among others. Every month Wapi organizes an event termed Amani Lazima, which is courtesy of the Sarakasi trust and the Norwegian Embassy. The event was started last year, and the main purpose of the event is to raise awareness of peace, reconciliation and also anti-violence. >> ANITA MBUGUA [Assistant Program Officer, Amani Lazima]: My name is Anita Mbugua. I'm from Sarakasi, I'm the Assistant Program Officer for Amani Lazima. Amani Lazima is a monthly event. We've already done Korogocho, Mathare, Kangemi, and Kibera is the fourth one. >> WILFRED MASEA: The Amani Lazima movement has been rotating around Nairobi in slums like Mathare, Korogocho, and also Kangemi, contributing to peace and the fight against tribalism issues. This is to create an alliance and sentiments of association amongst the slum youths. >> RAHIM OTIENO [Program Officer, Sarakasi Trust]: We are going, with a group of us, to different neighborhoods, stressing the importance of preserving the peace and also giving life skills, giving workshops that impart skills that the community needs. >> WILFRED MASEA: During this event, young, upcoming artists are given a platform to showcase their various artistic talents. On 26th March, Sarakasi collaborated with the Norwegian Embassy and the US embassy to organize the Amani Lazima event in Kibera Kamukunji ground. This was to mark and appreciate the effort of Kibera youth on the fight against tribalism, drug abuse, violence, and the rest. >> ANITA MBUGUA: The main aim for this event is that we want to promote peace in the country. >> SAM OUJA [Kibera Resident]: The purpose of this event means a lot to me, in terms of how I can control myself as a person and also understand what is good and bad. >> WILFRED MASEA: The majority of people who turned out for this event were women, men, and also the youths who were the main target for this event. >> SAM OUJA: A lot of the reality of life is shown here, and there is also a lot of empowerment going on here. >> ANITA MBUGUA: The turnout was really good; I'm so excited that I can see so many women around, so many men, so many kids, so many old people. I'm really excited; I hope that today we're going to achieve what we came here to do. It's not all about entertainment. >> WILFRED MASEA: The Rastas from the community were not left behind in this contribution to peace building. >> MUTHIGA JOE KAMAU MAU [Reggae Artist]: It is a peace initiative that deals with disarming the youth, giving the youth more vision in life, not only guns and drugs and alcohol. We are just trying to empower the youth. It's not only about being a Rasta; it's about attracting the energies of nature. >> BAFU CHAFU [Reggae Artist]: It was very fine, I saw very many people, white mixing with blacks, all tribes aligned, Rastafari, everybody. It was fine; that was the climax. I've been in all ghettoes, but Kibera was fine, calm. It was not the way I thought it would be, all chaos, the way I saw it on TV. So the show was fine, a success. >> MUTHIGA JOE KAMAU MAU: I would like to tell the community to let the Rasta man be. >> WILFRED MASEA: The event will be going on in different slums with the aim of preaching peace. Wilfred Masea, KiberaTV. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-life-beyond-hiv Agneta Olouch, a primary school teacher in Kibera, was left alone to raise her children when her husband died of AIDS-related complications in 1995. When her health began to deteriorate rapidly, she discovered she was HIV positive herself. Out of this pain and hardship, she summoned the strength to start the Stawi Center, a community center for people of all ages living with HIV. Fri, 26 Aug 2011 08:41:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-life-beyond-hiv Kenya, HIV, Health, Vertical transmission, Education, Health education, Kibera, Médecins Sans Frontières, KiberaTV, Hot Sun Foundation >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH [Founder, Stawi Youth and Adult Center]: My name is Agneta Luta Olouch; I'm about 59 years old. I'm going to celebrate my 60th year this year. I am HIV positive, and I got healed when I went for medication because I used to be sick. But now when I got healed, I thought of starting a small project like Stawi. Stawi means, "to grow and prosper." At least bring people together. >> BENTA AGOLLA [Stawi Group Member/Teacher]: Stawi is composed of many groups. I'm in two groups at Stawi. I'm a member of the Post Test Club, that's a club that meets to share how they're living positive. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: Bring children together who are orphaned because of HIV and AIDS. >> BENTA AGOLLA: Also to play a role as teacher to the young children. I knew my status ten years ago when I was expecting my fourth child. There was a mandatory test for women who were expecting. So after that, I was just told, "you are positive." I broke down, I was in tears, and I thought I would die. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: There were aims of bringing people together to educate them on health education and treatment literacy, because some of the people, when they take medication they may not adhere. But when we come together for psychological support, we teach each other how to take medication. Those who have challenges, we share together. >> BENTA AGOLLA: After meeting Mama Agneta she counseled me, we talked together, and she took me for medication where I did prevention for mother to child transmission. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: The challenge we are facing so far with the group is that some of these PTC [Post Test Club] members, they are very weak and cannot afford things like nutrition to eat well. So if it could be my wish, we could have something to give them, like nutritional support. Some of them have many children who they cannot support. >> BENTA AGOLLA: ...I'm a mother of six. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: That's why we take them into the Stawi Children's Group, who come on Saturday to eat, and we give them psychological support. >> BENTA AGOLLA: The students are aged between two months and ten years. They feed here, they learn here. The basics: how to go to school, how to brush their teeth, how to comb their hair, the alphabet, the domestic animals, we do a lot. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: And that is not enough, because by the end of the day these children go back home. Usually, we are connected with MSF [Medecins Sans Frontieres] Belgium, the health clinic. They refer patients to us. We have achieved a lot, because I have seen people waking up from their sleeping beds and taking their medication without fear, without stigma. That's what makes me happy. >> BENTA AGOLLA: My daughter now is ten years. She's negative. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: I am a mentor to many of these people. They see that I was HIV positive, my husband died and left me with the children, and I educated them up to university level. So I tell them, why not you? And that one encourages them a lot. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-zero-waste-group A group of women in Kibera, Nairobi, are cleaning up their neighborhood and improving the local environment by transforming improperly disposed plastic bags into works of art. Environmental sustainability meets economic development in this innovative project. Wed, 24 Aug 2011 09:23:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-zero-waste-group Kenya, Environment, Plastic Recycling, Waste management, Nairobi, Kibera, Education, Nakumatt, Polyethylene, KiberaTV >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> WILFRED MASEA [Reporter]: Polythene bags are cheap, light bags that are used by many Kenyans and the rest of the world as packing bags. The majority of Kenyans find it easy to use them. This being that they are cheap, and therefore easy to carry when hauling light commodities. Despite the fact that they are low-priced and light, they are also affordable to a higher percentage of the Kibera residents, who widely use them for packing most of their commodities. Today, the majority of the residents are seen throwing away the polythene bags anyway, and there is no proper action that has been taken. This has led to a continuous, improper disposal of waste. >> TITLE: Sensitization on polythene bags disposal. >> WILFRED MASEA: Due to the lightness of the polythene bags, they are easily blown away by wind from one place to another. This has created unremitting littering, which today has become a hazard to the environment. As a result, poor disposal of the polythene bags can also lead to the spread of different diseases such as cholera and many other diseases. This is mainly due to inadequate capital and easy disposal after use. In Kibera, Karanja, we met Zero Waste Group, a group that has emphasized the collection and usage of polythene bags; which they use to come up with different types of art. >> AMINA ABDALLAH [Member, Zero Waste Group]: I used to sew clothes, but now I'm in the business of sewing polythene handbags. We decided to collect polythene bags and use them for our work. This helps in cleaning the environment. By changing our mentality, we are able to use things like polythene bags to come up with different art. They can be used to produce a lot. >> KADARAH ABUBAKAR [Founder, Zero Waste Group]: We recycle anything. Since we started this, it has enhanced the cleanliness of the environment around us. >> WILFRED MASEA: Others call it trash. But for Zero Waste Group here in Kibera, Karanja, trash is cash. After they have collected the polythene bags that are disposed everywhere here in Kibera, they are able to come up with concrete and imaginative products like this one I am holding in my hands. This group is not only talented in sewing of the polythene bags, but they are also able to come up with different types of art. >> KADARAH ABUBAKAR: An art like this one, the one with three women, symbolizes a Nubian wedding. What they are carrying on their heads is the dowery that they are going to give. At first we used to make handmade papers and fiberboards. So we thought if we sell plain handmade papers, which are now the cards, who will buy them? That's why we thought of putting some of the decorations for them to look attractive. >> WILFRED MASEA: The group also believes that local projects like this should be emphasized to sensitize and educate communities on the dangers of improper waste disposal. >> AMINA ABDALLAH: We have been able to share our ideas with the youth, and also with some women who are interested in our work. When we see someone throwing away the polythene papers, we try advising them on its importance. They always ask, "What is the importance of keeping the polythene bags when they need to be trashed?" We make most of our products out of the same trash they throw away. We tell them that our final product comes from the washed polythene bags that we've collected. When someone brings the polythene bags, that's when we he or she realizes the importance of the polythene bags. >> WILFRED MASEA: They also believe that the scourge of the polythene waste disposal is lead by its easy disposal. >> KADARAH ABUBAKAR: Since we started, we have at least been able to make our surroundings clean. Disposing them proves to be a bit hard since they are easily blown away. The best example is when I'm on a bus heading to town, I'm able to see polythene bags disposed everywhere. It has become a habit for me. Whenever I see the polythene bags anywhere, even if it's on my way to town, I'll alight to go and collect the polythene bag. >> AMINA ABDALLAH: Polythene bags are now the biggest enemy to the environment, since they do not decompose. When anyone sees us picking up the polythene bags, they always ask what we are going to do with the trash. Sometimes they see some of our products and ask, "How did you find this?" This is when we explain to them that the material has been recycled from the polythene bags. We are also spreading our ideas to people. We carry our bags with us whenever we go anywhere. When I\0x2019m carrying it, people ask, "How did you make this bag?" I have to explain to them that it's made from Nakumatt and black polythene bags that they use when buying their basic commodities. Today we are taking a step to overcome the challenges, but before we had a lot of challenges. >> KADARAH ABUBAKAR: The project generates income, and this helps since we don't have to depend on our husbands. >> AMINA ABDALLAH: We wash and sew. Polythene has now become an important source to us. It's like bringing dead material into existence. >> WILFRED MASEA: But the question that remains is: has society played an adequate role in curbing and sensitizing people to the dangers of improper waste disposal? Wilfred Masea, Kibera TV, Nairobi. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-little-rock-school Welcome to Little Rock Inclusive ECD Center in the heart of Kibera, Nairobi's largest slum. It is an oasis for disabled and underprivileged youth and a learning center that welcomes children of all abilities; a place where talents are unearthed and youth are instilled with the confidence and knowledge they need in order to succeed. Wed, 24 Aug 2011 08:23:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-little-rock-school Kenya, Education, Nairobi, Kibera, Cycle of poverty, Hearing impairment, Disability, KiberaTV, Hot Sun Foundation >> TITLE: KiberaTV>> YVONNE OGWANG [Reporter]: Little Rock Inclusive Early Childhood Development Center is a school that provides early childhood education for orphans and vulnerable children in the Kibera slums. The school provides education, nutrition, health intervention for poor children, orphans, children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS, and children with special needs such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, deaf, mentally and physically handicapped, and those with autism. >> LILY OYARE [Founder/Director, Little Rock ECD Center]: My name is Lily Oyare, I'm a teacher by profession and I'm the founder of Little Rock ECD Center. At the moment we are doing inclusive, so we call ourselves Little Rock Inclusive ECD Center, in the sense that we have included disabled children amongst us. I started Little Rock in 2003 after a visit in 2000. When I came, I found so many kids in the villages and not able to go to school, and the person who had invited me came in because he was sick and tired of seeing documentaries of African children, and also Kenya children, not accessing education. >> YVONNE OGWANG: The school, that was started in the year 2003 with only five children, is situated in Kibera Olympic, Nairobi, and presently has 110 disabled and 256 normal children. The school has 21 staff members and runs three programs: the daycare, kindergarten, and special unit. The school has children from about six months to 13 years coming to learn. >> JOY KIRI NJUGUNA [Head Teacher, Little Rock ECD Center]: Here at Little Rock Inclusive Center we believe in good quality education for all the children. We have a daycare unit; we have children that are six months to children that are 12 years in the center. We cater to a range of abilities. I call them abilities. We have autism, we have children who are hearing impaired, we have children who are mentally handicapped, we have children who have cerebral palsy, and we have regular children. So all of them have different abilities.>> LILY OYARA: We thought we'd start with five kids, but when we opened the center in 2003 October, the first day we had 12 children, the second day they became 22, the third day there were 35. Why? Because I had told myself that I would give these kids what my children get in their private school. So we had books, we had toys; we had set up the kindergarten like any other high cost school. I think the kids are going back home and telling their parents that this is the best school, and selling the school to the neighbors. So everyday we were getting new people coming for admission.>> YVONNE OGWANG: Little Rock runs from Monday to Friday with the children reporting to school at 7:30 am and lessons starting at 8:00 am. It aims at giving every child that passes through its structures a holistic development, a ray of hope that they can be who they want to be. >> JUNE MUTHUKU [Deaf Teacher, Little Rock ECD Center]: We have five kids, some of whom are deaf and dumb, others are dumb, others are deaf. They are all different. Some can speak out but they are not able to hear, others cannot speak or even hear, but you find others can hear but they cannot speak. >> LUCY MORAGE [Student/Volunteer, Little Rock ECD Center]: I'm volunteering for my practicum, and I'm in the patients' class, which is basically where every child first passes through before they go to other classes. Regular children, it's easier to tell, but the ones with special needs, they have to go through an assessment. Depending on their level, then they are moved. If we see the basics are still required, like interacting with others, because some have really stayed at home so they don't know how to interact with other children. Patients' class serves that purpose. >> JUNE MUTHUKU: It's a bit hard for them to learn as fast as these other children, so you have to take them quite slowly.>> LILY OYARE: We are forced to have more teachers because of the kids we're handling. We're not handling only the regular kids; we have disabled children among us now. So we're having a challenge with the salaries. We need a lot of learning materials, because most of these kids learn through visual aid. It's easier for them, because their level of understanding is a little bit slow. You need to take them at their pace, and the only way they can learn is when they have those projects and toys and the educational materials. >> YVONNE OGWANG: The center admits children from all tribes and religions in the area, hence bringing out the theme of love, unity, and peace. They insist on enhancing the physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual development of every child. >> JOY KIRI NJUGUNA: Knowing that we have children who have different abilities in the school, we have to have different forums where we sit and talk about how our day has gone. So on Mondays we have meetings, staff meetings every Monday. January to March, which is first term, we have children coming in and we look at their talents, because now is when you're having children from different classes and we have a talent show, which is like a class competition every Friday where they get to show what they are like or what they know. >> YVONNE OGWANG: They highlight the need for every child to be able to have self-confidence and freedom of expression. >> LILY OYARE: When we started it was simply doing the library or after school program. But now the kids started saying they're hungry, and when they reach home they find their younger brothers have eaten at school. So when there's no food at home they basically sleep hungry. So now we also feed them. Apart from coming for the after school program, you're also given food, a meal, before you go home.>> JOY KIRI NJUGUNA: We make sure that every child has moved. Doesn't have to be 100 percent to the next level, but if they're at zero, they are at .1, or .4, but they have moved, we have tried to fill their areas.>> YVONNE OGWANG: The school lays a firm foundation for the children to be able to acquire the skills and ability to read, write, paint, count, and for them to be able to fit into class one. >> JOY KIRI NJUGUNA: We have a resource center where we allow the children to learn with learning materials and play materials. So what happens is that you will find if it is mathematics, there is a mathematics subject, the children will go and have their mathematics at the resource center and they will have that for 15 minutes. The next 15 minutes they'll be given their dolls and their cars to push around. And that gives them that motivation, to learn and play at the same time. >> LILY OYARE: The best thing that one can do to a child is to take them to school. Because our education curriculum does not say this child is from the poor background, this child is from the upper market, the exam is the same whether the child is on the other side of Gong Road or this side of Kibera the exam is the same. So I told myself, the only breakaway from they vicious cycle of poverty is to give them education. >> YVONNE OGWANG: They say disability is not inability. Well, here at Little Rock they turn scars into smiling stars. They have hopes and dreams to be who they want to be. Reporting for KiberaTV, I'm Yvonne Ogwang. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-baby-business The thin line between human trafficking and international adoption is frequently blurred by children's homes in India. "A Baby Business" is an eye-opening investigation into the growing business of selling children to Western adoption agencies, children who were put into shelters by loving parents without the means to support them. Thu, 18 Aug 2011 09:14:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-baby-business India, Human trafficking, Governance & Transparency, International adoption, Human rights, Orphanage, Link TV Presents the World, NDTV Profit The thin line between human trafficking and international adoption is erased in this film on the shady practices of children's homes in India. "A Baby Business" is a moving expose on the growing business of selling children to Western adoption agencies who have been put into shelters by loving parents without the means to support them. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-entrepreneurs Florence, Esnart, Ng'andwe and Precious all come from backgrounds of extreme poverty in rural Zambia. They've embarked on five months of intensive training in leadership and enterprise. With courage and determination, these young women defy the odds and establish their own successful businesses, proving that anything is possible. Fri, 12 Aug 2011 09:41:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-entrepreneurs Zambia, Social entrepreneurship, Gender, Sub-Saharan Africa, Microfinance, Education, Social change, 10,000 Women, Mpika, Entrepreneurship >> TITLE: Camfed presents: A See Change Films Production, in collaboration with Goldman Sachs, 10,000 Women Initiative, and The University of Cambridge.>> TITLE: 150 young women from rural Zambia, from backgrounds of extreme rural poverty, are coming together to undertake an intensive training course. Over the next five months they will be taught leadership skills, social entrepreneurship, and how to become successful businesswomen. >> SIGN: Lubwe High School Educaiton Board>> TITLE: The Entrepreneurs>> BENJAMIN CHAMA [Camfed Zambia]: Lubwe is a rural community with no source of employment except for the fishing and maybe peasant farming. So I think that there isn't any money to go around. We would like to empower rural people through education, because I believe with all my heart that it is only through the giving of education that we can change the poverty cycle in our country.>> BARBARA CHILANGWA [Camfed Zambia]: Welcome all of you again, I know I welcomed you yesterday but I would also like to welcome you in a special way this morning because this now marks the beginning of this very precious course to all of us, because it is the first of its kind in Zambia. >> WOMAN 1: As you've heard already, they've introduced the Camfed program and our learning objective is to empower the young rural girls just like yourselves so that you don't have to struggle. Everyone, you are expected to write one expectation that you hope to achieve at the end of the three weeks. I want to learn how to start a business and to be a leader of different people. >> WOMAN 2: With the expectations you've given me I can predict you are ready to learn, isn't it? >> CATHERINE BOYCE [Course Leader]: The overarching theme of the course is leadership. People have to believe in themselves and their ability to affect change, to have the skills, to have the confidence, to have the vision to look around them and see opportunities where previously they had seen none. >> WOMAN 3: When choosing a leader, we have to see that this person has the qualities of a leader in them. >> WOMAN 4: Am I going to be a director? That is a leader who has a vision ahead of them. >> WOMAN 5: A leader must be honest, a leader must be with good behavior, and communicate. That's all. >> WOMAN 4: Why did you draw a picture of a man instead of a picture of a woman? Because we have taught you that we are leaders, I am also a leader, you are also leaders.>> BARBARA CHILANGWA: These young women will draw men as leaders because that is what they have known all their lives. At the family level, it is the father who is the leader. At school, it's mostly male teachers that are leaders and head teachers. So what this course will do is that it will break that perception. The communities will see for themselves that women can do the job and can do it well. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI [Trainer]: Good morning ladies. >> WOMEN: Good morning. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: How are you? >> WOMEN: Fine. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: So, today we are going to talk about our rivers of life. Each one of you should be able to write your rivers of life, should indicate on your river of life the worst things that have happened in your lives, and also the good things that happened in your life. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: In one of the sessions that we had with the young women, we were talking about the river of life so that people can come out of their situations. They can be very free to express themselves and also to share with others what they are going through. >> WOMAN 1: My life was going very good and fantastic. My father was working, my mother was not working. In 1996, my father died and my river started going down. >> WOMAN 2: And he has no money to pay for my school fees and buy my school uniform and he was telling me, "It's better you get married than to go to grade 8, me I don't have money." >> WOMAN 3: And I passed but I couldn't manage to go to grade 8 because my parents, they only cultivate. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: The women in our program, the 150 of them, come from very difficult backgrounds. Most of them, I can say almost 80 percent of these girls will have lost either one parent or both parents.>> FLORENCE [Student]: My name is Florence and this is the river of my life. I was born in 1990. And in 1997 my dad passed away. He died. In 1998, I started staying with my mom. We only survived by using the money that dad left. And in 2001, my mom died also.>> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: They think that when they are coming from poor families, that's the end of their lives. So my role here is just to empower girls to be able to believe in themselves and also to feel like they can do something about it. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Then my river started going down in 2001. That's when my father passed away. And when he died -->> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: When my dad died life was so difficult for us because my mother couldn't support us. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: I'll always remember this year, when my river went down and the water was even too cold for me. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: When I was working with Camfed, I was able to go back to school again because education is the only key to success. My dream was to bring back the life we used to enjoy with my father. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: And then I managed to build by mother a very big house that she's so proud of. And I'm also happy. I managed to build my mother that house when I was 22 years old. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Now I know that there are a lot of challenges that the young women are facing, that the rural people are facing, so I want to become a Member of Parliament one day, and I know I'm going to become one. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: You can also do it. Despite where you are coming from, the sky is not the limit. If you just believe in yourself that you can do it, you can do it. If you've got that zeal and the self-determination to believe in yourself, and you know that one day you are going to achieve whatever your dreams will be, you are going to excel, and you are going to achieve that, okay?>> WINNIE FARAO [Social Entrepreneur]: The poverty that was haunting our families would just not allow us to go to school. We were not supposed to be educated and we were not supposed to look at ourselves as leaders, but as subordinate. The fact that we were not supposed to get any opportunities to go to school, but we got it, then we have to use it and use it to the maximum. >> WINNIE FARAO: As a social entrepreneur, this is what I think I can go and do in my community. This is how I think I can go and make an impact. >> WOMAN: For me, what I can do as a leader, I should first join the group like Cama (Camfed alumni group) and then support those people who are in need. >> WINNIE FARAO: I feel that it is very, very important for the young women to understand social entrepreneurship and to understand business entrepreneurship, because the world that we are living in today, the young women and the communities that they come from, they are the best persons to deal with the challenges that they are facing everyday. For a long time, communities were not able to deal with their own challenges because there were no energetic young people to lead that process. >> TITLE: To help students find solutions to challenges in the community, a group of international social entrepreneurs are assisting on a number of issues. One of these issues is overfishing. >> ANNA OURSLER [Global Footprint Network]: The numbers of fish in the lake are reducing because so many people are taking them. We are going to learn how to be a scientist, and really look through our own eyes at what is happening in the waters and with the fish at Lake Bangweulu. We're going to take three data points and measure all of these things because we are doing a study to see if we can put a fish cage, an aquaculture fish cage, in the middle of the lake where we can grow and harvest fish. They've gone through about ten different scientific experiments to measure the qualities of water, which is something that all of them learned and can now do perfectly. The results will actually be submitted to the government, to the Ministry of Natural Resources, as part of an environmental assessment. So I think in their confidence there has been a real change, but also their skills, their technical skills about how to be a scientist, how to take scientific measurements. >> PRECIOUS [Student]: I'm Precious. We used to live in Kitwe. In 2001, mom died, then after a few years dad also died. Then we started living with dad's older brother. After living there for about a year, he started treating us badly. We couldn't touch our books, we weren't allowed to. Instead we were told to start doing housework. We had to do all the housework while his children were in the bedroom reading. So that was a very big problem. I found that that problem just got bigger, so that's how we came here to live with grandma, dad's mom. My grandma is very old. Sometimes she is not able to work for very long. She can't go to the field and work for a long time. But we help her cultivate, when we go to the field we cultivate. Apparently, someone explained my problem to my headmaster. That's when I came under Camfed's support. After this, the teacher who was our mentor told me, "Precious, you should remain behind and attend this course that will teach you about social entrepreneurship." I couldn't believe it. I just started crying because I didn't expect that I could have such luck. >> ALAN JACKSON [Aptivate ICT Trainer]: What we'd like to talk about now is just to find out what experience you all have with IT. >> WOMAN: I don't know anything about computers. >> ALAN JACKSON: So the four of you have never used a computer before?>> ALAN JACKSON: We have to start sort of at the beginning. Here are some computers, here's how you put them together. Here's how they work, here's how you make your network of computers work, here's how you connect to the Internet, here's how you find out if something's wrong. There are a lot of cultural adjustments, a lot of things we take for granted that of course they will have had no experience of. >> PENELOPE [IT Teacher Trainee]: Before the beginning of this course I didn't have any experience with computers. We were just learning about computers, that they exist. But this is the first time I came across a computer, using it on my own. >> ALAN JACKSON: We're working with a small group, a group of four young women who will be running the resource center after this training course. >> PENELOPE: It is connected to the Internet. And that thing that you are seeing there, that's where the position of the satellite is. >> ALAN JACKSON: I think that they're getting the right flavor, or spirit, of IT, that they're going to be able to fix things themselves, they are going to be able to find out things for themselves. They are going to be quite empowered by this technology, and hopefully then empower a community with that same spirit. >> FLORENCE: I'm excited. Before, I never knew how to type anything on the computer, but today I've learned something I think. >> MATILDA [Student, 20 years old]:: You can also sell your goods through the computer. Me, I would love to know how they buy, like when they say, "I bought this through a computer." I would like to know how they buy things through a computer. >> NG'ANDWE [Student, Age 18]: Because my item is sugar, how can someone get their sugar from the computer? When we started learning, I'm telling you, it was interesting. And the studies were very different from what I was thinking so it was very interesting, and I even learned many things: how to be a social entrepreneur, how to help people, even this time I'm a role model in our community. I think I'll be teaching my fellow youths and the young ones and those who are in school. When I was in grade 2, in 1998, my father passed away. The way of living started changing, it was very difficult. When my dad passed away, it was very difficult for us to find books, pens, even the money to pay for our school fees. But my mom was a hardworking mother, so she was fighting for us. When the results come out and if I do well, I'm thinking of studying law. I'm thinking of studying law because a lot of people who have done law are men, so I want to be one of the few women lawyers so that I can fight for people's rights and women's rights. At least in law I will not be the way I am in this time, I think I'll be someone. >> LUNGOWE CHISHINGA [Human Rights Lawyer]: Why am I telling you these technical things? Because I want you to that if you are going to claim your rights, you need to know two things. One: where is that right guaranteed? Walia and Stephen have been married for three years, and they have two sons. So she's a 17-year-old girl who is a child and is a mother of two children. Is this strange? Do we find 17-year-olds in our communities that are mothers? >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: Most Zambian women grow up not knowing that they actually have rights. Most parents, especially when girls become of age at about the age of 15 for example, they already begin to consider them ready for marriage. >> LUNGOWE CHISHINGA: So you tell me, are any of Walia's rights violated? My lawyers, what rights are violated? >> FLORENCE: Choosing, a right of choice. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: So we believe that ensuring that focus on a program that brings to their attention that they actually have rights about their own sexuality and their lives will change the way, first of all, that they now relate to members of the community, to their husbands, the members of their family, in the sense that they will go out there believing that they have rights and that no one should trample on their rights. >> WOMAN: My question is, for example, I'm a married woman and then my husband is committing adultery. I decide to consult the elders, and then the elders say, "A man's adultery does not ruin the home." Yet it is contributing to the risk of being exposed to many diseases. What step can I take? >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: There are a lot of myths surrounding women having sex, so I thought maybe I should speak about sexuality to the 150 women so they understand that they have the right to make choices about when they should have sex and who they should have sex with. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: Especially for us parents, it's very difficult to talk about sexuality to you at your age. I want to tell you, I come from a very big family. There were 11: five girls in my family and six boys. Today, I don't have any sisters; they are all dead from the HIV/AIDS virus. Only three of my brothers are alive. Perhaps if there had been condoms, they would have used condoms and today I would be seeing them. >> ESNART [Student, 19 years old]: I was just shocked by what he said, it brought a shiver down my spine and I thought like, maybe if there was someone, someone like us today, young leaders who would have talked to those people, maybe if they knew them, it would have been possible for them to be alive this day. I think now that we are not vulnerable because we've got more information about HIV and AIDS, and we know our rights also. I have to tell the other people, letting them know how dangerous this disease is. I was born in 1990, I used to stay with my biological mom and when she died I came to stay with my mom's older sister. She's my mom now. Her husband died when I was still at school. I've got three brothers and four sisters. I love them so much. Such that when I complete I just want them to have a good future. Before my mom died, she took my real father to victim support, but he didn't respond still. He just stays in Mansa there, but he works, yes. But I don't know why he doesn't support me. I don't know why he just doesn't care for me. Sometimes when I'm sitting I just dream that I wish I could have a big house where we could all live together, just give my family the life that they've always wanted. >> WOMAN: How are we going to get the overall risk? We can get the overall risk by multiplying the likelihood of the event by the size of the effect of the event. >> MAN: You are managing your projects, and you need to understand the project lifecycle and the project chart, which is a tool that will help guide you through whether you are progressing in a particular project or not. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: Training in financial management is a key part of the program. Judge Business School at the University of Cambridge is one of our partners for designing and actually delivering this program. The MBAT actually drew on resources, on tools, and on models for learning that are actually used by MBA students all around the world. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: We are all business ladies here, isn't it? And we are fully empowered with the skills and knowledge to be able to run our businesses successfully. We've learnt a lot of things: advertising, we've learnt about marketing, we've learnt about record keeping and everything. So we are fully empowered as young women in Mpika district to be able to deliver and run our successful businesses. Okay, between now and next week we should be able to plan on which business we want to engage ourselves in as we go back to our communities. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Today we are going to do market research in Mansa district. In my group they have identified to do communication business, which they are very excited about. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: On average, how many cards are you able to sell in a day? >> WOMAN 1: I make 2 million K (USD$400).>> WOMAN 2: You make a lot of profit, oh my goodness!>> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: She's the only woman we have interviewed so far out of 11 men, just one woman. One of the things that she said was that this business was being run by men mostly, so she's very much excited to see the girls actually coming up with this brilliant idea for them to be able to set up their own businesses. So she's actually very much inspired by the girls.>> TITLE: After carrying out market research, all 19 groups found gaps in the market for social and business enterprises. >> NG'ANDWE: This is our business plan. The total cash inflow will be 1,100,000 in month one. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: We're introducing them to the business planning side: how to do a cash flow, how to financially plan expenditure and income over the time period. And they're actually preparing those plans right now and presenting them tomorrow morning in a competition. >> MATILDA: Our mission statement is as follows: to make communication accessible to all -->> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: We're doing very fine. So far the girls are practicing their presentation for tomorrow and they are very, very excited with all the brilliant ideas they've come up with. I think they are going to be winners because they worked very hard for this and they are very excited. We can't wait, we are so excited!>> MATILDA: I know that the competition will be quite tough, but I think at least we will manage to do something, I'm thinking we'll be the first ones. >> FLORENCE: How are you feeling? >> WOMAN 2: I'm feeling a bit nervous because I'll be presenting the market research plan to a lot of people in the plenary. >> FLORENCE: I'm also feeling nervous. The reason why I'm feeling nervous is because there will be judges and there will be a lot of people that side. Tonight we are going to write the mission statement. >> TITLE: Competition Day. If successful, each group will receive funding to start their own business or social enterprise.>> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Hi ladies! Are you ready for today? I just want to encourage you to feel confidence and believe in yourselves, and just know that you can do it, because all of us have different projects, and I believe your project is the best! So just show them that. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: Okay, thank you very much everybody. This is a very special day. We have got our judges table there, and we are going to start immediately with group 12. >> WOMAN 1: And the name of our communication business is "Beyond Vision Communication" (BVC). >> MATILDA: This is our mission statement. We will be making sure that everyone access communication.>> ESNART: The current situation in Mpika is very worrying in the sense that there is an increase in child abuse, child labor, and street children. Our mission statement will be to provide vulnerable children age two to six years with basic education and good nutrition. >> WOMAN 2: We are going to open a restaurant by the name "Big Sisters." The restaurant will offer nshima, rice, chicken, beef, sausages, vegetables, kapenta, chips and bread with eggs. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: Let's give them a big hand. >> WOMAN 3: Our goal is to raise awareness in young women against sexual exploitation. >> NG'ANDWE: Us, "Future Fighters," have decided to undertake two projects respectively. One group will take hardware as a business project and the other group will take advocacy for persons with disabilities. >> FLORENCE: This is our budget; this is the description, number of days, quantity, unit cost and amount. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: What inspired you to go into advocacy? >> WOMAN 5: It's through education that people will know about the dangers of HIV/AIDS. We will be able to eradicate ignorance in Zambia. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: You've all done tremendously well, I think, in the various presentations. So we deserve a pat on the back ourselves, so we shall give ourselves a good hand for what we have done. >> NG'ANDWE: Before I presented I was feeling -- I even started shivering. But when I went to the stage I came up with that courage, I felt something. Then, it went just okay. >> TITLE: All 19 groups were successful in receiving funding to start their new enterprises. The 150 entrepreneurs will now return to their communities for four months. >> FLORENCE: I never imagined that I would be a business entrepreneur in my life at this tender age. When I start having my own money, first of all I'll start helping my family, I'll be buying food for my family, then clothes. I'll be helping other children in the community, I'll be a role model to them and people will be happy about it because maybe other people never used to think that I can do it but now I can.>> TITLE: Four months later. The entrepreneurs are returning to Lubwe for the final stage of their training. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: We weren't quite sure how far the young women would get with their projects, and what we found was that every single project team created a brilliant business plan, they set up a bank account, they managed their funds, and they all achieved impact, which was going to be one of the themes of the course, the impact that they achieved. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: This is a very beautiful morning and a very important day, just like any other day. Now, today we are going to display what we were doing in Phase Two. We are going to set up stalls, all those skills that we learned to persuade. The first half of the team will be going around and will be sticking stars to what they think is the value. >> FLORENCE: As you can see, this is our group name and number on that side. That?s the Kakabalika group 13, and the profit that we made was K200 thousand (USD$40). This is our financial records book. We are planning to continue this project because we've actually made profit. >> ESNART: I think everyone is doing a great job and everyone is putting in effort because it takes a lot of guts for someone to come up with something like this. I'm really impressed with everyone, I think they are all doing great. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: We actually have 19 separate enterprises: we have a preschool for vulnerable children, a loan scheme, we have three different groups communicating about the importance of education to young girls. We have several retail enterprises selling secondhand clothes, selling groceries, and selling mobile phone talk time. Huge diversity of enterprises. >> WOMAN 1: What are some of the impacts?>> WOMAN 2: You are going a long distance to buy talk time. For instance, here we have brought talk time very near, you are buying talk-time within the school. >> WOMAN 3: I think the group is so good and they've got pride and confidence. I think they are making a lot of profit since they are girls selling talk time. >> WOMAN 4: What we wish to achieve, especially in the rural community in Mpika, we want people to have big businesses. We want them to have big businesses, we want their businesses to grow, we don't want people to be staying home, and we want them to take their children to school. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: I've been going around to look at their projects, and I feel great about the achievement that they've made. I'm simply bowled over. I don't even have words to describe what I have seen, the amazing things that they were able to do: the financial records they were able to keep, and also the products, the impact that it has had on this society I think is indelible. I think it's fantastic. >> TITLE: One month earlier, back in their communities. Mpika Microfinance Scheme. >> PETRONELLA [Managing Director]: Our business is a business where we give loans on low rates so that everyone is able to afford to pay back. We decided to embark on this venture because we saw that most women were really vulnerable in Mpika, they couldn't manage. So we wanted to upgrade their standards of living. Some of them wanted to upgrade their businesses because we saw that some people had the passion for business. At the moment we are supporting eight women. We have eight clients. Each woman had a K200 thousand (USD$40) loan. >> PETRONELLA: Hello, how is work going? >> WOMAN 2: It's all right. >> WOMAN 1: How are you? >> WOMAN 2: I'm fine. >> PETRONELLA: We've come to see how your business is going, what you are doing, how far you've come, and how you've used the money we gave you towards your business? >> WOMAN 2: I feel very good about the loan you gave me. There is a difference in that in the past I didn't have a business, I wasn't selling anything. Now I am selling goods and I am making money. I am able to solve a lot of my problems on my own. >> PETRONELLA: Would you like to receive another loan? If so, how much more would you like to receive? >> WOMAN 2: I would like much more. Make it big; make it K1.5 million (USD$300). >> PETRONELLA: K1.5 million (USD$300)!>> WOMAN 2: Yes. >> WOMAN 1: Will you manage to pay us back quickly, with interest? >> WOMAN 2: I will do so very well! Very quickly! Easily with interest on top!>> PETRONELLA: And if you fail to pay back, what should we do to you? >> WOMAN 2: We will agree on what should be done. >> PETRONELLA: All right. >> WOMAN 2: I wouldn't fail to pay you back. >> PETRONELLA: How do you feel about all this? >> WOMAN 2: I feel joyful. >> WOMAN 1: Thank you. >> WOMAN 2: I thank you too. >> PETRONELLA: Our plan is that we'll get a loan from Microbankers Trust. We are planning to get a loan of maybe K5 million (USD$1,000) so we support fifteen women. And from that I think our business will keep on growing and the profits that we'll be making, we'll be giving to more women. >> WOMAN: I decided to use the loan you gave me together with my profit to buy my own sewing machine. So I bought a sewing machine. Also, that profit is helping me because I'm now able to pay my children's school fees. >> PETRONELLA: I feel very proud and I'm very happy that I'm able to solve big people's problems, women's problems. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: They have had hands on practice, I think, by designing their projects, which they did. They have tried them out; they went and launched them themselves in the communities, in communities, where, before this program, they were looked down upon. >> PRECIOUS [Company Secretary, BVC]: As of now, I am in a position to take care of my grandmother because of our business we are doing, I'm not even nervous about my future, I'm just looking forward to it so that I can have my own bright future now. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: They'll be received very well; they'll be accepted back in their communities because they will have proved the point that women are capable of leading programs, they're capable of solving problems, and they're capable of playing a role in the development of their communities. >> TITLE: The Great Ones Preschool>> ESNART: Our social enterprise is opening up a preschool for vulnerable children and our objectives are to teach 30 to 60 children in the first term. And when we teach them we aim at letting them know why basic education is important. >> ESNART: What's a preschool? >> CHILD: A preschool is a place where children are taken to be taught how to read, how to write, and how to count numbers, how to be disciplined. >> CHILDREN: Well done, well done, such a good girl. >> ESNART: It's also very good for a child to go to a preschool because it builds up a foundation. When that child goes to grade 1, that child will be able to count, write numbers, and that child will be very active. It's very interesting to explore a child's mind, just how they develop, how they learn, you just start remembering your childhood and it was very interesting and so inspiring and it made be proud. The children that we've enrolled here mainly are from vulnerable backgrounds, backgrounds where we find that their parents are dead; we find that they don't have all that much to sustain themselves. That's why if this preschool didn't exist these children would just be roaming around. >> WOMAN: Preschools that are here are private, but us here, we provide them with books, pencils, crayons and uniforms. Then they should just pay a certain amount, maybe if that parent can't afford to bring money and then that parent is a farmer or something like that, they can bring anything in terms of crops like maize, millet, cassava, or groundnuts. >> ESNART: And it's not always that all the children pay, it's not everyone who pays, and we don't chase those children away who don't pay. We allow them to learn because we are giving them an opportunity to shape up their future. >> WOMAN: I didn't know I could run a preschool for vulnerable children, helping vulnerable children and maybe in the future I could do more than we are doing to develop my country and maybe develop my community. A lot of people say that, "If you are poor, there is nothing you can do in the future." What I have learned is that even if you are poor, you can do something in your life. At least in the future, you can learn and you can become somebody one day. >> TITLE: Graduation>> BENJAMIN CHAMA: My prayer is that these 150 women will continue with the social enterprise, with the business skills that they have acquired. I know that we cannot just leave them like this. They will need support from all of us because this is a big thing that we have built, we have given them hope and the belief that they are able to do something on their own. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: Good afternoon leaders. I overheard one of you talking, I don't think they knew that I was listening: "Now that this thing is finishing, what am I going to do?" There is no reason for any of you to despair. Camfed is committed to assisting you to get into that college of your choice.>> BARBARA CHILANGWA: We will support them if they decide to carry on with the projects that they have established, we will support them if they decide to go to college, we will support them in many ways to ensure that they have the independence that we want for all of them. >> ESNART: Yes, I feel that I'm a leader and I'm an entrepreneur. Firstly, I'll start by saying that I'm a leader because I know that leadership is not about leading everybody, like maybe in front, telling them, giving them orders, no. Leadership is about being who you are, being passionate about what you do, and also making others feel important, also knowing that you depend on other people for your success. And leadership is about working hard with others, being committed, and teamwork. I also believe that I'm an entrepreneur because I'm able to start up my own business, I'm able to run it smoothly, know whether I'm succeeding or I'm failing in my business. I think my future really holds so many things for me. I just feel that I will really achieve so many things. >> TITLE: Ng'andwe is working as an assistant IT trainer in the new IT Resource Center in Samfy. Next year she plans to study Social Work. Precious continues to grow Beyond Vision Communications. She uses the money she earns from her business to help support her family. Florence is studying Gender and Development Studies at the Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts. She is proud to be one of the youngest female Managing Directors in her community. Esnart is now studying to become an accountant at the Zambian Institute of Management, Lusaka. "The Great Ones Preschool" is currently educating 68 vulnerable children. Since graduation, Camfed has supported the entrepreneurs with business mentoring and bursaries for Higher Education. In December, another 150 young women from rural Zambia will embark on the next Leadership and Enterprise course. Camfed International and the University of Cambridge - particularly the Cambridge Assessment Group and Judge Business School - collaborated to design this Leadership and Enterprise Training Program, which is implemented in Zambia by Camfed. The Goldman Sachs Charitable Fund and The Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Initiative made this program possible through their generous sponsorship. Camfed supports the education of girls and young women's empowerment in Africa. For more information about Camfed please visit www.camfed.org. >> TITLE: [End credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/overcoming-domestic-violence "Overcoming Domestic Violence" presents four reports about individuals and organizations in working in South Asia to protect women who have been abused and to educate the whole community about prevention:<br /><br /><a href="http://bit.ly/sosans-story" target="_blank"><strong>Sosan&rsquo;s Story</strong></a> Eight years after the fall of the Taliban, targeted violence against women in Afghanistan is back at an alarming level. Women of all ages are enduring brutal physical and sexual abuse in their own homes. A few lucky ones find their way to one of only six shelters in the country. <br /><br /><a href="http://bit.ly/breakthrough-bell-bajao" target="_blank"><strong>Breakthrough</strong></a> Studies show that more than 35 percent of Indian women have experienced physical violence at the hands of her boyfriend, husband or her in-laws. The Breakthrough organization&rsquo;s Bell Bajau (Ring The Bell) campaign inspires abused women and their friends, neighbours, and colleagues to break through the taboo and do something.&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;<br /><a href="http://bit.ly/gulabi-gang" target="_blank"><strong>Gulabi Gang</strong></a> Sampat Pal is a campaigner with a mission: to ensure that those born into the lowest caste have an education, avoid child marriages, and earn a decent wage. But, while Mahatma Gandhi famously preached non-violence, Sampat Pal and her thousands of followers in pink saris believe that patriarchy, abuse of women, and corruption demand a new style of justice.&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br /><a href="http://bit.ly/amra-shakti" target="_blank"><strong>Amra Shakti: We Are All Powerful</strong></a> The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee educates women about their rights and empowers them to take control of their destinies. See what happens when a group of women come together to seek equality. <br /> Fri, 12 Aug 2011 08:01:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/overcoming-domestic-violence India, Gender, South Asia, Domestic violence, Violence against women, Gender equality, Link TV Presents the World, NDTV Profit Studies show that 35 percent of Indian women have experienced physical violence at the hands of a man. In these documentaries, South Asian women find ways to stop domestic violence.