http://viewchange.org Videos from ViewChange.org (Filtered by topics: Antiretroviral drug) en-us Wed, 18 Jul 2012 08:56:00 +0000 Copyright 2011 Link Media, Inc. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/ted-jamie-drummond-lets-crowdsource-the-worlds-goals In 2000, the UN laid out 8 goals to make the world better by reducing poverty and disease -- with a deadline of 2015. As that deadline approaches, Jamie Drummond of ONE.org runs down the surprising successes of the 8 Millennium Development Goals, and suggests a crowdsourced reboot for the next 15 years. Wed, 18 Jul 2012 08:56:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/ted-jamie-drummond-lets-crowdsource-the-worlds-goals Millennium Development Goals, ONE Campaign, TED, Make Poverty History, Earth Summit, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Latin America, Antiretroviral drug, HIV >> TITLE: TED: Ideas Worth Spreading. >> TITLE: June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland. Recorded at TED Global. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: So let me start by taking you back, back into the mists of your memory to perhaps the most anticipated year in your life, but certainly the most anticipated year in all human history: the year 2000. Remember that? Y2K, the dotcom bubble, stressing about whose party you're going to go to as the clock strikes midnight, before the champagne goes flat, and then there's that inchoate yearning that was felt, I think, by many, that the millennium, that the year 2000, should mean more, more than just a two and some zeroes. Well, amazingly, for once, our world leaders actually lived up to that millennium moment and back in 2000 agreed to some pretty extraordinary stuff: visionary, measurable, long-term targets called the Millennium Development Goals. Now, I'm sure you all keep a copy of the goals under your pillow, or by the bedside table, but just in case you don't, and your memory needs some jogging, the deal agreed then goes like this: developing countries promised to at least halve extreme poverty, hunger and deaths from disease, alongside some other targets, by 2015, and developed nations promised to help them get that done by dropping debts, increasing smart aid, and trade reform. Well, we're approaching 2015, so we'd better assess, how are we doing on these goals? But we've also got to decide, do we like such global goals? Some people don't. And if we like them, we've got to decide what we want to do on these goals going forward. What does the world want to do together? We've got to decide a process by which we decide. Well, I definitely think these goals are worth building on and seeing through, and here's just a few reasons why. Incredible partnerships between the private sector, political leaders, philanthropists and amazing grassroots activists across the developing world, but also 250,000 people marched in the streets of Edinburgh outside this very building for Make Poverty History. All together, they achieved these results: increased the number of people on anti-retrovirals, life-saving anti-AIDS drugs; nearly halved deaths from malaria; vaccinated so many that 5.4 million lives will be saved. And combined, this is going to result in two million fewer children dying every year, last year, than in the year 2000. That's 5,000 fewer kids dying every day, ten times you lot not dead every day, because of all of these partnerships. So I think this is amazing living proof of progress that more people should know about, but the challenge of communicating this kind of good news is probably the subject of a different TEDTalk. Anyway, for now, anyone involved in getting these results, thank you. I think this proved these goals are worth it. But there's still a lot of unfinished business. Still, 7.6 million children die every year of preventable, treatable diseases, and 178 million kids are malnourished to the point of stunting, a horrible term which means physical and cognitive lifelong impairment. So there's plainly a lot more to do on the goals we've got. But then, a lot of people think there are things that should have been in the original package that weren't agreed back then that should now be included, like sustainable development targets, natural resource governance targets, access to opportunity, to knowledge, equity, fighting corruption. All of this is measurable and could be in the new goals. But the key thing here is, what do you think should be in the new goals? What do you want? Are you annoyed that I didn't talk about gender equality or education? Should those be in the new package of goals? And quite frankly, that's a good question, but there's going to be some tough tradeoffs and choices here, so you want to hope that the process by which the world decides these new goals is going to be legitimate, right? Well, as we gather here in Edinburgh, technocrats appointed by the U.N. and certain governments, with the best intentions, are busying themselves designing a new package of goals, and currently they're doing that through pretty much the same old late-20th-century, top-down, elite, closed process. But, of course, since then, the Web and mobile telephony, along with ubiquitous reality TV formats have spread all around the world. So what we'd like to propose is that we use them to involve people from all around the world in an historic first: the world's first truly global poll and consultation, where everyone everywhere has an equal voice for the very first time. I mean, wouldn't it be a huge historic missed opportunity not to do this, given that we can? There's hundreds of billions of your aid dollars at stake, tens of millions of lives, or deaths, at stake, and, I'd argue, the security and future of you and your family is also at stake. So, if you're with me, I'd say there's three essential steps in this crowdsourcing campaign: collecting, connecting and committing. So first of all, we've got to ground this campaign in core polling data. Let's go into every country that will let us in, ask 1,001 people what they want the new goals to be, making special efforts to reach the poorest, those without access to modern technology, and let's make sure that their views are at the center of the goals going forward. Then, we've got to commission a baseline survey to make sure we can monitor and progress the goals going forward. The original goals didn't really have good baseline survey data, and we're going to need the help of big data through all of this process to make sure we can really monitor the progress. And then we've got to connect with the big crowd. Now here, we see the role for an unprecedented coalition of social media giants and upstarts, telecoms companies, reality TV show formats, gaming companies, telecoms, all of them together in kind of their "We Are The World" moment. Could they come together and help the Millennium Development Goals get rebranded into the Millennial Generation's Goals? And if just five percent of the five billion plus who are currently connected made a comment, and that comment turned into a commitment, we could crowdsource a force of 300 million people around the world to help see these goals through. If we have this collected data, and this connected crowd, based upon our experience of campaigning and getting world leaders to commit, I think world leaders will commit to most of the crowdsourced recommendations. But the question really is, through this process will we all have become committed? And if we are, are we ready to iterate, monitor and provide feedback, make sure these promises are really delivering results? Well, there's some fantastic examples here to scale up, mostly piloted within Africa, actually. There's Open Data Kenya, which geocodes and crowdsources information about where projects are, are they delivering results. Often, they're not in the right place. And Ushahidi, which means "witness" in Swahili, which geocodes and crowdsources information in complex emergencies to help target responses. This is some of the most exciting stuff in development and democracy, where citizens on the edge of a network are helping to force open the process to make sure that the big global aid promises and vague stuff up at the top really delivers for people at a grassroots level and inverts that pyramid. This openness, this forcing openness, is key, and if it wasn't entirely transparent already, I should be open: I've got a completely transparent agenda. Long-term trends suggest that this century is going to be a tough place to live, with population increases, consumption patterns increasing, and conflict over scarce natural resources. And look at the state of global politics today. Look at the Rio Earth Summit that happened just last week, or the Mexican G20, also last week. Both, if we're honest, a bust. Our world leaders, our global politics, currently can't get it done. They need our help. They need the cavalry, and the cavalry's not going to come from Mars. It's got to come from us, and I see this process of deciding democratically in a bottom-up fashion what the world wants to work on together as one vital means by which we can crowdsource the force to really build that constituency that's going to reinvigorate global governance in the 21st century. I started in 2000. Let me finish in 2030. Many people made fun of a big campaign a few years ago we had called Make Poverty History. It was a naive thought in many people's minds, and it's true, it was just a t-shirt slogan that worked for the moment. But look. The empirical condition of living under a dollar and 25 is trending down, and look where it gets to by 2030. It's getting near zero. Now sure, progress in China and India and poverty reduction there was key to that, but recently also in Africa, poverty rates are being reduced. It will get harder as we get towards zero, as the poor will be increasingly located in post-conflict, fragile states, or maybe in middle income states where they don't really care about the marginalized. But I'm confident, with the right kind of political campaigning and creative and technological innovation combined working together more and more as one, I think we can get this and other goals done. Thank you. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: Jamie, here's the puzzle to me. If there was an incident today where a hundred kids died in some tragedy or where, say, a hundred kids were kidnapped and then rescued by special forces, I mean, it would be all over the news for a week, right? You just put up, just as one of your numbers there, that 5,000 -- is that the number? >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: Fewer children every day. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: Five thousand fewer children dying every day. I mean, it dwarfs, dwarfs everything that is actually on our news agenda, and it's invisible. This must drive you crazy. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: It does, and we're having a huge debate in this country about aid levels, for example, and aid alone is not the whole solution. Nobody thinks it is. But, you know, if people saw the results of this smart aid, I mean, they'd be going crazy for it. I wish the 250,000 people who really did march outside this very building knew these results. Right now they don't, and it would be great to find a way to better communicate it, because we have not. Creatively, we've failed to communicate this success so far. If those kinds of efforts just could multiply their voice and amplify it at the key moments, I know for a fact we'd get better policy. The Mexican G20 need not have been a bust. Rio, if anyone cares about the environment, need not have been a bust, okay? But these conferences are going on, and I know people get skeptical and cynical about the big global summits and the promises and their never being kept, but actually, the bits that are, are making a difference, and what the politicians need is more permission from the public. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: But you haven't fully worked out the Web mechanisms, etc. by which this might happen. I mean, if the people here who've had experience using open platforms, you're interested to talk with them this week and try to take this forward. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: Absolutely. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: All right, well I must say, if this conference led in some way to advancing that idea, that's a huge idea, and if you carry that forward, that is really awesome, so thank you. >> JAMIE DRUMMOND: I'd love your help. >> CHRIS ANDERSON: Thank you, thank you. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-hiv-prevention-looking-back-moving-forward Since the first official confirmed cases of HIV 30 years ago, millions have died, particularly in developing nations. But now there's hope in treatment and innovative prevention strategies. Take a journey to find out what's working in HIV prevention -- and providing hope for the future -- in this new half-hour documentary produced by ViewChange in partnership with PSI (Population Services International). Tue, 26 Jul 2011 08:08:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-hiv-prevention-looking-back-moving-forward HIV, Health, AIDS, Sub-Saharan Africa, Zimbabwe, Africa, AIDS pandemic, Reproductive health, Population Services International, Kenya >> DEBRA MESSING [Ambassador, Population Services International]: Next up: It?s the pandemic that has touched millions -- AIDS. Thirty years after the first confirmed cases appeared, where are we now? And what?s working in HIV prevention? Find out in this special report from PSI and ViewChange.org.>> VOICEOVER: ViewChange is about people making real progress in tackling the world's toughest issues. Can a story change the world? See for yourself in ViewChange: HIV Prevention - Looking Back & Moving Forward.>> DEBRA MESSING: I'm Debra Messing, Ambassador for PSI. It?s been 30 years since the Centers for Disease Control confirmed the first cases of HIV in the United States. Since 1981, more than 30 million people around the world have died of AIDS-related causes -- particularly in the developing world, where the disease has devastated entire families, communities and generations. But thanks to the medical advancement of antiretroviral therapy and progress in prevention, saving lives is now possible. Aid groups and governments have been working hard to bring innovative HIV prevention methods and tools to scale -- and it?s working. In Mozambique, one young relationship counselor is getting creative. Working with a local radio show, she is finding ways to make condoms exciting -- and even sexy. >> TITLE: Reclaim the Condom>> TITLE: Reclaim the Condom, tve, Mozambique>> VOICEOVER: Like all countries in southern Africa, Mozambique suffers from HIV/AIDS. Every year, millions of dollars are spent on prevention campaigns, including promoting condoms. But the battle is far from won, and one person thinks she knows why.>> SHEILA MANJATE [Sexual Health Counselor, North East Secondary School]: I don't know how many students there are, maybe eight thousand. To pick up condoms? I have the records here. Maybe a hundred per month. >> VOICEOVER: At the North East Secondary School in the capital Maputo, 22-year-old Sheila is a trained sexual health counselor. In her office, young people come to her with their intimate problems.>> BOY 1: I'm having a problem with my girlfriend. >> SHEILA MANJATE: And you did not use a condom?>> BOY 1: Often we didn't use it.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Because you trusted her?>> BOY 1: I risked it because I trusted her, but I mistrust her at the same time.>> VOICEOVER: The message is clear -- selling condoms as barriers against HIV can suggest couples don?t trust each other. So Sheila?s convinced it?s easier to sell condoms as contraceptives. Today in her office, she?s tearing down the public health posters. For Sheila, condoms are the main weapons against HIV/AIDS, but they must have the right image. The unbranded "white" condoms are the ones distributed in schools and clinics. Much better, she says, those more sexy, branded ones. >> VOICEOVER: Sheila lives at her grandma?s. A churchgoing Christian, she wants to train as a lawyer. She says what some in the big health agencies think privately.>> SHEILA MANJATE: The condom is too associated with HIV and so it has become stigmatized in the people's minds.>> VOICEOVER: She?s backed by market research, which shows trust in relationships is the main reason for not using condoms. Sheila knows sex and romance sell, so why not use them to promote condoms? She is working on a radio program to try her message on a wider audience. It's for 99FM, a popular national radio station. Today is the big sell. >> SHEILA MANJATE: I'm very nervous. I'm in the hands of God.>> VOICEOVER: Sheila?s off to see the head of the station. But will he buy her maverick message?>> SHEILA MANJATE: Our idea is to make a pilot program.>> NELSON CAMAL [Station head, SNYC 99 FM]: Yesterday I attended a Millennium Village ceremony in Chibuto. They had a box of condoms like this one. I didn't want to take any.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Exactly.>> NELSON CAMAL: But what are we going to say in the program? No to the AIDS condom, or are we going to say AIDS condom, yes?>> SHEILA MANJATE: No, our objective is to say yes to the condom.>> VOICEOVER: Not only have they given her airtime, 99FM has given Sheila her own team. Their slogan: "For Your Up Moments!" Public health campaigns find it difficult to link condoms with pleasure. But can you really sell condoms better branding them with sex than with illness? Early morning, and time to take the show on the road. Today to Xinavane, 100 kilometers north of Maputo. For her program, Sheila wants people to talk openly about their sex lives. She hopes their stories will reveal why they should use condoms. She's taking the message to the local school, to see how it plays. >> SHEILA MANJATE: Our mothers fell pregnant at the age of 14, 15, 16, 17; they lived their sexuality at the moment they felt the time had come. I want you to tell me: What do you do to live your sexuality, without having the same problems our mothers had? What did you say?>> MALE STUDENT 1: I use the condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: You used the condom. Thank you. Ping pong, another one. What do you do?>> FEMALE STUDENT 1: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 2: Fidelity.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Fidelity. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 3: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> MALE STUDENT 2: Fidelity.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Fidelity. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 4: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 5: Be faithful to my boyfriend.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Be faithful to your boyfriend? I have to be faithful to my boyfriend, but I also have to be faithful to the condom, because the day my boyfriend drops me, the condom will stay with me.>> TITLE: Sheila continues to encourage a change in the perception of condoms with young people in Mozambique. >> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: In India, where millions are living with HIV, reaching at-risk populations through peer education is crucial. And as this story shows, the most powerful messengers for HIV awareness come from unlikely places.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> TITLE: Peer education is a powerful tool in the prevention of HIV, but also in creating awareness and supporting those receiving care. >> MADAN KOIRALA: First I'm going to play soccer. I'm going to shoot two goals. Obviously we will win! I have many qualities. I am handsome. I am a role model for the people watching. >> TITLE: Madan>> TITLE: Element: Madan, Element, India>> MADAN KOIRALA: I was a drug user before. My ambition was to use drugs, and die. I am from Nepal. I came to Delhi just to use drugs. One of my friends sent me a message saying the drugs were good in India. I said, "Okay, let's go." I spent all my money. I was totally broke. I thought, "I'm going to die, I can't live any longer." Suddenly, I changed my mind. >> TITLE: New Delhi, India>> MADAN KOIRALA: I got a message that there is a rehab center where we can get treatment, and I said, "Okay," because I am a drug user and I needed treatment. I changed my lifestyle, and in the meantime I met my girlfriend, who is really cute! Life is not only for using drugs, eating food, and sleeping. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goal #6: Stop the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases>> MADAN KOIRALA: Now I am employed at Michael's Care Home, and I have to take care of HIV positive people who need treatment and help. Whether they're HIV positive or not, I always see them as a human being and in need of care and treatment. In India, people think that if you're HIV positive, you've got AIDS and you're going to die soon. Actually they're quite different. "AIDS" means you're sick, but being "HIV positive" just means you have the virus. Still people are very scared. They think that if someone's infected with HIV, we'll get infected too. No, we can't get it through the air, we can't get it from mosquito bites, we can't get it from kissing, and yet still there's all this discrimination. They're made jobless, homeless, and they're kicked out of society. Let them live! There are lots of examples of people who are very sick, and then they take the ARV medicine and live normally. This is anti-retroviral medicine, "ARV" medicine. >> MAN 1: It reduces the multiplication of the virus. >> MADAN KOIRALA: In India, only around twelve thousand people are getting this medicine. But there are over five million people infected with HIV. They should fight for them to get ARV medicine too. We need ARV medicine to be available free to everyone who needs it. Finish! There's something inside me that I can expose to the whole world. I am Madan Koirala, and I am HIV positive. >> TITLE: HIV+>> MADAN KOIRALA: If you look at me, can you make it out that I'm HIV positive? No, no one can tell. >> MADAN KOIRALA: The message for the new generation is: positive living, positive thinking. No discrimination and stigma. There is hope. Now clap your hands!>> DEBRA MESSING: Operating in 67 countries around the world, PSI is one global health organization at the forefront of HIV prevention. PSI believes that health services and products are most effective when they are accompanied by robust communications, which ensure that people are widely accepting and using prevention methods. And they?ve found that some of the best communicators about safer sex and HIV prevention are not necessarily the typical experts. For example, hairdressers in Zimbabwe are chipping in with their own straight-talk to patrons -- and have helped Zimbabwe cut its HIV infection rate by half. Last year, I traveled with PSI to visit one special salon in Zimbabwe where women are sharing life-saving information with one another -- truly unforgettable.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> TITLE: Braids Not AIDS, DFID, Zimbabwe>> VOICEOVER: As the economy in Zimbabwe begins to recover after years of chronic mismanagement and hyperinflation, there are also encouraging signs of a decrease in HIV prevalence. In a country where over one million children have been orphaned by AIDS, now an innovative HIV prevention program is showing remarkable success by using hairdressers to teach their female customers the facts about HIV and AIDS. But in a country with a collapsed medical infrastructure, the burden of HIV and AIDS is massive. There are around 60,000 deaths from AIDS each year, and an estimated 1,200 new infections each week. Experts in Zimbabwe say prevention through behavior change is the key to managing the spread of the disease. >> KUMBIRAI CHATORA [PSI Zimbabwe Deputy Country Director]: When we talk about behavior change, the key word there is changing. Changing from what you used to do to a new behavior. We want people to adopt safer sexual behaviors. It could be condom use, it could be knowing your status, it could be having fewer partners. All that for us is behavior change, anything that you do to protect yourself from HIV infection. >> VOICEOVER: But in a male-dominated society like Zimbabwe, reaching women with the correct information and empowering them to make decisions can be difficult. >> WENDY TAKUNDWA-BANDA [DFID Zimbabwe HIV Program Manager]: Generally women are the more vulnerable sex, and when it comes to making decisions related to sexual health, men are the dominant character. So women don't have much say. >> VOICEOVER: As a result, 60 percent of all people living with HIV in Zimbabwe are women. Dorothy Nyamukapa is a hairdresser in Kuwadzana, a low-income high-density suburb of the capitol Harare. Dorothy is one of 1,500 hairdressers that have been trained as an HIV peer educator in a program run by Population Services International and funded by the UK's Department for International Development. >> DOROTHY NYAMUKAPA: Because I am a woman it is very simple for me to approach them. I ask her which family planning she uses. When she told me, I started to introduce them to "Care.">> VOICEOVER: In this way, hairdressers like Dorothy have sold over three million female condoms in the last six years, preventing thousands of new HIV infections. Barbra Nyandika, a regular at the salon, began using the female condom with her husband Obit two years ago. >> BARBRA NYANDIKA: I went to my husband and told him about female condoms. Then he said I have to bring it so that he can see it. Then I have to introduce it to him and he said that it is very nice, that we have to continue using it. >> VOICEOVER: This initiative is spreading across Zimbabwe. Sylvester Nzaras runs a barbershop from his backyard in the commuter town of Chitungwiza, south of Harare. Here, men are also being exposed to the prevention message and the benefits of condom use. While huge challenges remain in Zimbabwe, the success of programs like this has contributed to a significant decline in HIV prevalence, a drop from over 24 percent to less than 14 percent over the last six years. >> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: But how will we really achieve large-scale change? One of the ways is by promoting HIV prevention methods that are easily affordable, highly effective and are able to show results now. Methods like voluntary male circumcision, which can reduce heterosexual HIV transmission by 60 percent. But first, grown men must be convinced to overcome their fears, as we see in this story.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> TITLE: PSI Botswana's Male Circumcision Campaign - TV Spot>> TITLE: Scaling Up Male Circumcision, PSI, Sub-Saharan Africa>> VOICEOVER: All right team: remember that we have to work at winning this match as a team. Circumcision cannot win this match alone. He needs the help of all of the defenders to keep HIV from scoring. >> TITLE: Men in Sub-Saharan Africa are choosing male circumcision (MC), a cost-effective method that reduces the risk of HIV infection in men by 60 percent. Beginning in 2007, PSI launched an unprecedented MC campaign supporting service delivery, communications, and advocacy efforts in Botswana, Kenya, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. These are the stories of men and families being impacted by male circumcision. >> FUNGAI CHIBAYA [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: My name is Fungai. Near where I stay, there is a very big billboard encouraging male circumcision, so I just decided one day that I should do it. I'm shaking a little bit, like goosebumps. I think the procedure is going to go well.>> TITLE: PSI provides pre- and post-procedure counseling in countries where male circumcision is offered. >> FUNGAI CHIBAYA: I've learned a lot about male circumcision. They say it has a 60 percent chance of HIV reduction. >> TAKAVINGWA KOMBONI [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: My name is Takavingwa Komboni. My wife encouraged me to come to MC because she actually thought it would be good for me to be circumcised. Some of my friends said, "You can go at your own risk." I'm curious to know what's going to happen after I'm circumcised. >> SYMPATHY MPOFU [Clinical MC Nurse, Swaziland]: The local anesthesia is given to assist him in reducing pain during the surgical procedure. The procedure starts with the doctor cutting and removing the foreskin. Afterwards we dress the patient with gauze. Then the patient is escorted to the recovery room to recover for 30 minutes. >> TAKAVINGWA KOMBONI: As you can see, I am now coming out of the theater room. The circumcision is over, and I feel like a man. It has been very good, and it is not as painful as I thought.>> FUNGAI CHIBAYA: The whole procedure was just fine. >> TITLE: Changing perceptions, one person at a time. >> JABULANI NCUBE [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: One of the best benefits is the reduction of the HIV/AIDS transmission rate. That gave me the zeal to go for it. I felt it would be the best opportunity for me to prevent myself, and the person that I love, from contracting such infections. >> STEVEN CHIKOMBERO [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: I've since introduced some of my team members to be circumcised. Everyone now knows that I'm proud to be circumcised. >> TITLE: Women are important partners in this process.>> KUDZAISHE CHIFAMBA [MC Client, Zimbabwe]; It opens up dialogue within the relationship, which is not common in our environment. >> MOLEBOGENG MADISHA [South Africa]: So this is both of our decision, and I decided to accompany him as a support system. I also heard about the importance of male circumcision. >> TITLE: Communication is key to male circumcision scale up. >> JABULANI NCUBE: What I learned is that people are not well educated. They have a belief that it's cultural.>> KUDZAISHE CHIFAMBA: Dialogue needs to spread further than just young couples. >> TITLE: By bringing services to scale within the next 10 to 20 years, male circumcision could significantly reduce the number of new HIV infections. >> JABULANI NCUBE: It is the right channel to reduce the HIV/AIDS pandemic in our nation.>> TITLE: Effective communication. High quality service delivery. Thirty-eight million by 2015: scale up male circumcision now, impact the future of HIV. >> STEVEN CHIKOMBERO: A lot of things have changed in my life. Besides the confidence that I have, I also feel much more secure.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: Targeting behavior is also crucial in HIV prevention. In Kenya, people are talking about Mpango wa Kando -- roughly translated into "having a long-term relationship on the side." It?s an all-too-common arrangement that also happens to be one of the riskiest behaviors for HIV transmission. But the government of Kenya, together with USAID and other groups, is using mass media to change this behavior and turn the tide of HIV transmission.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> JIMMI GATHU ["Mpango wa Kando" Spokesperson]: Are you married? So you're sitting with your husband, right? Do you know if he has a girlfriend?>> TITLE: Roughly 33 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, twenty million plus in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, one behavior is playing a major role in transmission: concurrent sexual partnerships. >> JIMMI GATHU: There is only one way to stop HIV from destroying your marriage. It's simple. Guys, leave your side arrangement. Avoid HIV. >> HIV and Concurrent Relationships, PSI, Kenya>> TITLE: PSI and the government of Kenya address this issue head-on through a groundbreaking communications campaign: "Mpango wa Kando." >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI [Director, National AIDS/STD Control Program]: Forty-four percent of new HIV infections are attributed to people who are either married or are in partnerships. These people in partnerships also have other partners, who also have other partners, who are not using condoms. And therefore, the chance that in that network somebody has HIV -- it spreads like bushfire to the rest of the families.>> TITLE: Your spare wheel could have a spare wheel who has a spare wheel who has a spare wheel who has HIV. HIV now spreads fastest in marriages. Here's the reason why. >> JIMMI GATHU: I must admit that one of the things that surprised me was the aspect of also women playing a part in it. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: We got a strong voice, people said, "No, no, no, you are condemning men only. Women also do that." So we made some TV spots for women as well. >> JIMMI GATHU: Mama, how are you? So you are in an outing of your woman self help group? So that man standing next to you is definitely not your husband, right? Do you know research shows nearly half of all new HIV infections are happening in marriages like yours?>> ERICK WAGA [Research Consultant for PSI]: Concurrent partnership really is a great factor in the spread of HIV because you find that these people, when they have these partners, trust comes in. So you find that these partners stop using condoms throughout all the partners. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI [HIV Deputy Director, PSI]: PSI Kenya started to take on the campaign boldly, because primarily there are very few organizations that do national level mass media communications.>> TITLE: Giving Kenya something to talk about. >> TONY NJUGUNA [Creative Director, SCANAD]: For this particular brief it became quite an interesting angle for social marketing. We?ve got a social responsibility to improve the lives of the people that we are trying to talk to.>> TITLE: Social marketing (so shel mar kit ing) n. 1. The application of marketing concepts and techniques to influence behavior among a target audience in order to benefit themselves and society. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI: We pre-tested various concepts, various taglines, various names and eventually we came up with Mpango wa Kando, which was what people felt describes this loving, long-term side relationship.>> JIMMI GATHU: Somebody needed to say something. And so we did. Shock transmits, then, to how important this campaign is. >> TONY NJUGUNA It makes sense, it's logical, and I think that's what really made the campaign work: that it's real; it's a social message. >> TITLE: Sparking conversations in the community. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: The Mpango wa Kando campaign is obviously achieving its goal. Part of the goal was to start a debate, so you'll hear people discuss it in pubs, in family outings, in the church. These things were never discussed. >> TOM NGARAGARI [Behavior Change Communication Coordinator]: They identify with the campaign, and then now the discussion starts. The good thing is that they are coming together and talking about it and finding solutions to it. >> TITLE: Moving forward...>> LUCY MAIKWEKI: Looking at what will motivate people now to move from awareness to actual behavior change. >> TITLE: ...to prevent HIV/AIDS. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: If you look around, all families, all Kenyans, don't want HIV. You cannot talk about the issue of HIV and not talk about concurrent partnerships. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI: For me, success in the long term for this campaign would be lower HIV prevalence amongst people in married, co-habiting relationships.>> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: It's something that cannot be done overnight, it's something that we need to work on until it becomes a social norm change that discourages people from having concurrent multiple partnerships.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: Thanks to prevention and treatment, the global rate of new HIV infections has dropped by 25 percent between 2001 and 2009. Around the world, we?re learning lessons from innovators in every sector. We?re learning to adopt messages that equate change with something everyone wants -- a happier life. We?re learning to invest in local talent, because they know how to reach their neighbors and what motivates them to change. And on the soccer field -- or at the hair salon -- we learn that reinforcing the right messages about HIV/AIDS is making a difference. >> VOICEOVER: Want to learn more about HIV treatment, prevention, or anything else you saw here? Head over to ViewChange.org/TV, where you can watch, read, and get involved in projects that are making a real difference. Watch the films you just saw, and over 350 more from around the world, at ViewChange.org/TV.>> TITLE: [End Credits]>> TITLE: A co-production of Population Services International and Link TV. To read about PSI's HIV prevention programs around the world, visit www.psi.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/element-madan Madan left his home in Nepal to move to New Delhi for the sole purpose of accessing cheap, powerful drugs. Just as he was on the brink of death, he found a rehabilitation center and got clean. Now he's devoted his life to helping those with HIV and AIDS, and is spreading a message of hope to the younger generation. Fri, 24 Jun 2011 08:04:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/element-madan India, HIV, Millennium Development Goals, HIV positive people, AIDS, Antiretroviral drug, Health, Nepal, New Delhi, tve >> TITLE: Element>> TITLE: Who's counting?>> MADAN KOIRALA: First I'm going to play soccer. I'm going to shoot two goals. Obviously we will win! I have many qualities. I am handsome. I am a role model for the people watching. >> TITLE: Madan>> MADAN KOIRALA: I was a drug user before. My ambition was to use drugs, and die. I am from Nepal. I came to Delhi just to use drugs. One of my friends sent me a message saying the drugs were good in India. I said, "Okay, let's go." I spent all my money. I was totally broke. I thought, "I'm going to die, I can't live any longer." Suddenly, I changed my mind. >> TITLE: New Delhi, India>> MADAN KOIRALA: I got a message that there is a rehab center where we can get treatment, and I said, "Okay," because I am a drug user and I needed treatment. I changed my lifestyle, and in the meantime I met my girlfriend, who is really cute! Life is not only for using drugs, eating food, and sleeping. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goal #6: Stop the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases>> MADAN KOIRALA: Now I am employed at Michael's Care Home, and I have to take care of HIV positive people who need treatment and help. Whether they're HIV positive or not, I always see them as a human being and in need of care and treatment. In India, people think that if you're HIV positive, you've got AIDS and you're going to die soon. Actually they're quite different. "AIDS" means you're sick, but being "HIV positive" just means you have the virus. Still people are very scared. They think that if someone's infected with HIV, we'll get infected too. No, we can't get it through the air, we can't get it from mosquito bites, we can't get it from kissing, and yet still there's all this discrimination. They're made jobless, homeless, and they're kicked out of society. Let them live! There are lots of examples of people who are very sick, and then they take the ARV medicine and live normally. This is anti-retroviral medicine, "ARV" medicine. >> MAN 1: It reduces the multiplication of the virus. >> MADAN KOIRALA: In India, only around twelve thousand people are getting this medicine. But there are over five million people infected with HIV. They should fight for them to get ARV medicine too. We need ARV medicine to be available free to everyone who needs it. Finish! There's something inside me that I can expose to the whole world. I am Madan Koirala, and I am HIV positive. >> TITLE: HIV+>> MADAN KOIRALA: If you look at me, can you make it out that I'm HIV positive? No, no one can tell. >> MADAN KOIRALA: I'll break your camera! >> MADAN KOIRALA: The message for the new generation is: positive living, positive thinking. No discrimination and stigma. There is hope. Now clap your hands, yeah. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goals: Eight goals for a better world by 2015. Everyone counts. www.element-tv.net>> TITLE: Element. For more information, visit http://www.tve.org http://www.viewchange.org/videos/living-proof-cote-divoire-a-father-and-son-love-story When Kevin fell ill with HIV, his father took him to the hospital instead of shunning him. His father's love, together with the help of antiretroviral medications, saved his life. Now, Kevin helps other families cope with the disease, giving them the support that his father once gave him. Tue, 01 Feb 2011 09:10:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/living-proof-cote-divoire-a-father-and-son-love-story HIV, Côte d'Ivoire, AIDS, Antiretroviral drug, West Africa, Dimbokro, Public health, Social stigma, Living Proof, ONE Campaign >> TITLE: Challenge: Cote d'Ivoire has the highest HIV infection rate in Western Africa. And social stigma prevents thousands from being tested and treated. >> TITLE: Solution: Support local programs that provide free screening and medicines. >> TITLE: Can they also transform lives? >> KEVIN'S FATHER: When you bring a child into the world, the child must bury his father. It's not the father who buries the child. It's up to me to help him until the day I die, so he can bury me. >> TITLE: Cote d'Ivoire >> KEVIN'S FATHER: The night I thought my son was going to die, he was so sick he couldn't get up. I picked him up, and I carried him from the village. A trucker, thank God, came by, and I begged him to take us to the hospital. He didn't want to do it, so I begged him, and said, "My son is dying." Kevin didn't see me, but I cried. But I didn't let him know. My son never knew I cried. >> SIGN: Ministere de la Sante et de l'Hygiene Publique et Soeurs de la Charite de Sainte Anne; Centre de Sante Urbain, N.D.A. [Ministries of Health and Public Hygiene and Sisters of the Charity of Saint Anne; Urban Health Center, NDA] >> SISTER FELICITY [Nurse, NDA Clinic, Dimbokro]: The first time Kevin came to the clinic, he was critical. He could barely talk. >> SIGN: Vous etes infecte par le VIH? Les medicaments ARV ameliorent votre sante et c'est GRATUIT. [Are you infected with HIV? ARV medications improve your health and it's FREE.] >> KEVIN'S FATHER: I knew it could be HIV. I asked that they give him the test. I wanted to know. >> SISTER PAULINE [Director, NDA Clinic, Dimbokro]: Most of the time, parents in this situation distance themselves, blame their child who is suffering, accuse them. >> KEVIN'S FATHER: The nun called me and told me, "Your son has HIV." How could I be ashamed of my son? If my son had to die, he would know that he had a father who loved him. >> KEVIN: When I started following the treatment, I began to regain my health. I began to feel well. >> KEVIN'S FATHER: It's the ARVs, the antiretrovirals are the reason Kevin is here today. He keeps going, and he follows through. >> KEVIN: If my father had rejected me, I would not be here. >> DR. JOSEPH ESSOMBO [Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation]: When Kevin overcame the pain related to his HIV infection, he decided to serve other people facing the same challenges. >> KEVIN: I decided to do this work at the clinic because I told myself that there are other families that perhaps don't have the same father I did. I decided that I, too, would be at their service to give them the support that they need. >> DR. JOSEPH ESSOMBO: My hope is that Kevin will be strong enough, Kevin will live long enough, to teach other people how to deal with the HIV/AIDS disease, how to cope in situations where there is a high level of stigma, to teach us that our program should not only be designed to provide drugs, but empower people, so that they can better serve the community. >> TITLE: Living Proof: Real Lives. Real Progress. >> TITLE: At the start of this decade, 2,000 people received treatment for HIV in Cote d'Ivoire. Now, over 50,000 are in treatment. >> TITLE: Living Proof: Real Lives. Real Progress. www.one.org/livingproof http://www.viewchange.org/videos/srey-neth-victim-to-survivor Srey Neth was forced into prostitution in Cambodia at the age of just 14. After suffering horrific brutality at the hands of her pimp and customers, she was rescued and given a second chance at life by an organization that works with victims of sex trafficking. Her story is shocking, but also inspiring, as she talks about how she hopes to help other girls make the same journey from victim to survivor. Wed, 15 Sep 2010 07:44:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/srey-neth-victim-to-survivor Human trafficking, Cambodia, Non-governmental organization, Violence against women, Sexual violence, Prostitution, Child prostitution, International Women's Day, Sexual assault, HIV >> SREY NETH: My name is Srey Neth. I am Cambodian. I am a victim of sex trafficking. I do not know my father. My brother, he gambled and left home. We were poor, and so my mother sold me to a neighbor, a pimp. I was 14. I lived in a place called "the building," where I served drinks for the first week. I didn't know; I thought I had a job to help my family, but the other girls told me things. Later, the pimp sold my virginity for USD$300. I lost my choice. I lost my voice. I lost myself. >> SREY NETH: I was worth nothing to them but money. Some nights, I was sent out with one or two customers. Some nights, he kept me in, where I saw 10, 20 customers. When I didn't want to have sex, they beat me. Sometimes, they electrocuted me. I could have run, but I was afraid, and my mother had made a contract. I am a good daughter. I do not want to hurt my mother. >> SREY NETH: Then, there was a man, a foreigner. He took me in his car to the forest. He was drunk, and he did things to me that hurt badly. Then one night, I was taken to a hotel to see another customer, but it was the police and a non-government organization. I was very afraid. I thought they would make me work more, but instead they took me to a shelter. I was safe. I could not leave, but no one could hurt me there. >> SREY NETH: And then I found out I have HIV. One of the men, he gave it to me. For many, especially in Cambodia, HIV means death. But for me, I am lucky. At the center, I have a second father and a second mother. James, he made sure I have healthcare and antiretroviral drugs. He gave me a chance at life. Siya held my hand and showed me how to live again. She took me to the pagoda and told me the stories of Buddha. She told me the stories of the time of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, when she worked the rice fields for 18 hours every day, and many died. She showed me how to forgive and how to love, first myself, and then others. >> SREY NETH: I live with other girls who have stories just like me. I know the other girls are afraid. They are angry. I know they feel that there is only one thing left for them, and I know, late at night, they hurt just like I did. But like TCI [Transitions Global] gave to me, so will I give back to them. I want to help the others, to protect them from the pimps and the brothels. I am Srey Neth. I am a survivor. It has been five years, but I have found my home. I have found my voice, and I am finding myself. >> TITLE: www.timmatsui.com http://www.viewchange.org/videos/dollar-a-day-strongest-link <p>In the shantytowns of Cape Town, South Africa, the local healthcare system has been stretched to near breaking point by the impact of HIV. But volunteers from both the healthcare profession and the local community, are fighting back and giving hope to ordinary people.</p> Mon, 12 Jul 2010 00:52:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/dollar-a-day-strongest-link HIV, Cape Town, AIDS, South Africa, Poverty, Non-governmental organization, A Dollar A Day, Antiretroviral drug, HIV positive people, Africa http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-bicycle <p>In many rural parts of Africa, people live far from their nearest medical centers and have no means of transportation. This is why groups like Dignitas International are promoting a community-based approach to administering drugs and treatment to HIV patients, a technique that's already paying dividends.</p> Fri, 09 Jul 2010 17:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-bicycle Dignitas International, HIV, James Fraser, Malawi, Zomba District, James Orbinski, Antiretroviral drug, Médecins Sans Frontières, World Health Day, Tuberculosis >> TITLE: National Film Board of Canada presents The Bicycle >> TITLE: 1 in 5 people in Zomba District, Malawi are infected with HIV. >> TITLE: But only 3 in 100 know their status. >> PAX CHINGAWALE [Dignitas community-based volunteer]: We are going to see a patient who is very, very ill, but has not been given counseling in HIV activities. Her village thought it was due to witchcraft. So they started consulting traditional healers. The strings around the ankle and the wrists are tied by tradition healers. They believe those will drive out the evil spirits. I have seen many people dying. Unfortunately, it was before the availability of ARVs. >> TITLE: Anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) treat AIDS and are affordable. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: It's my job to convince everybody and to tell everybody so that they can go and get themselves tested. We cannot disregard the traditional healers. Three-quarters of the people in this area believe in the traditional medicine. Traditional healers use razor blades for cutting tattoos. It's also a medium of transmission. So we educate these people that they shouldn't use one razor blade for several people. We have to work with them to cooperate with them to advise them that, if they suspect a patient to be HIV-infected, they cannot see that kind of disease. It's better for them to refer back to the central hospital. >> BRUNO JAMESON [Dignitas Prevention Officer]: Traditional healers, the chiefs, all the influential people in the community, people that are at the heart of the spread and at the heart of the prevention of the disease, it's a job that really involves the roots of where this epidemic is spreading from. >> TITLE: Pax rides his bike over 20 km a day seeing patients, from house to house. >> TITLE: Pax discovers Doreen lying in her hut. >> TITLE: Her family has disowned her. >> TITLE: Pax asks for our vehicle to take her to hospital 23 km away. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: Doreen's case is worrisome. It's common around the surrounding area that if you are HIV positive, you are sick, they feel you deserve it. It's somehow like a punishment. I feel very sad knowing that I'm also HIV positive, knowing that I could also be facing the same kind of situation. >> TITLE: Zomba District Central Hospital >> DR. KEVIN BEZANSON [Dignitas Head of Mission]: So she's had this wound for three months? Two months? Can she sit ... Can she sit forward a bit? You told her it's going to hurt a bit, yeah? Yeah. Yeah. Sorry, my ... It's straw, yeah, straw-colored. Again, it's typical of tuberculosis. If she had been identified earlier, sent earlier, worked up properly earlier, she'd be on TB treatment. Probably by now we could start her on ARVs. >> TITLE: Dignitas runs an ARV clinic at this hospital. >> DR. KEVIN BEZANSON: We have a team that's working in the clinic. It works ... Everything works imperfectly, but it works. And we have three nurses who are absolutely dedicated. We have two clinicians who are working very hard. We've got 700 people on treatment, 700 people, and not all of them have done perfectly, but more than 600 of those are alive and well. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: We had some of them written off as dead. But the ARVs have reversed the situation. There is tremendous change. >> TITLE: Timothy is Dignitas' 230th ARV patient. >> TIMOTHY [Dignitas ARV patient]: I am one of the beneficiaries of the ARVs. I feel very, very great to be back to my working place. Because I didn't dream of going back to my working place, knowing the situation in which I was. But this time there's a very big improvement. >> LUCY [Dignitas ARV patient]: Now I'm looking healthy. At first I was not like this. I was very thin and I was even failing to walk even to uphold myself if I wanted to stand, yeah. But now I can take everything, I eat everything which was impossible for me to eat. Yeah. >> ALICE KADZANJA [Dignitas nurse]: When I come to them and I speak to them that I'm also HIV positive, and you know, I carry my drugs in my bag every day and I just pull my bottle ... >> INTERVIEWER: Did you tell them about your status? >> ALICE KADZANJA: Yes, I did. She knows. You can see, she's laughing. She knows. That was the first thing I told. Now this one, has brought the elder sister to come. Because after seeing me, how healthy I am, then she was encouraged. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: Now if we have so many people counseled to go for VCT testing and they do not access the ARVs, it would be disastrous to them. Their hope, only hope of survival, is the availability of ARVs, which are being provided here at the central hospital. >> DR. KATHERINE ROULEAU [Dignitas Medical Advisor]: We have a huge role to play in the distribution of ARVs and the treatment of patients within the hospital setting. But in fact what we hope to, what we intend to do is actually bring the care of patients with HIV to the community where they actually live, rather than expecting them to come to hospitals where the resources are so stretched to begin with. >> JAMES FRASER [Dignitas Executive Director]: Health care systems on their own will not be able to respond. We have 50 percent of all health care posts there vacant. You have nine nurses in the whole hospital for everything. You have, I think you have one doctor for a whole hospital, a central hospital, a referring hospital for four of the districts surrounding Zomba. >> DR. KEVIN BEZANSON: There's no way Dignitas can do this alone. From the village through to here everyone, we have to start working at this together. >> TITLE: Pax visits another one of his patients at the hospital. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: There is a very good connection because Dignitas actually relies on us in the field. And we also rely on Dignitas to assist our patients. >> DR. KEVIN BEZANSON: Someone like Pax or the people working with him are in the village. They're the ones going house to house to house to house looking at patients. >> JAMES FRASER: Groups that are made of people like Pax are the ones who are actually going to be supporting people in their communities and he actually plays a central role in the model of community-based care. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: Since ARVs are supposed to be taken for life, the role of the community home-based care is very vital because we will be looking after these patients right there at home. >> TITLE: Pax is responsible for more than 20 villages. >> TITLE: Dr. James Orbinski accepted the Nobel Peace Prize for Médecins Sans Frontières in 1999. >> TITLE: Now he is the president of Dignitas International >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI [President, Dignitas International]: I think the next big, important question is community-based care. What specifically can we do to help home-based care workers do a better job? Are there problems with incentives, for example? This is always a problem. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: I was coming to that. >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI: I'm sure you were coming to it. [laughter] >> VOICE: Just mention the word ... >> PAX CHINGAWALE: But the biggest problem with home-based care is the transportation system. >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI: Transportation. If you had one ambulance, one bicycle ambulance, how would you get that to the various places in this catchment area? >> PAX CHINGAWALE: In this catchment area, the people would be aware that there is coming the bicycle. >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI: And then they would go to Zomba and you would bring it back. >> TITLE: Without a bicycle-ambulance, many patients can't get to the hospital at all. >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI: So are we going in the vehicle now? Okay, let's go. It would be nice if it would be as simple as opening a bottle of pills and giving the person the pill and watching them swallow the pill. That is a very, very important part of community-based care. It's treatment. It's a very, very important part, but it's not everything. It's everything around that. So you already knew that you were getting sick. And your second husband, where is he now? >> TRANSLATOR: He's dead. >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI: He's also dead. You've had a very tough time, eh? Over the years. Yeah. So you're very, very precise in terms of when you take your tablets. >> ROSALINA [Dignitas ARV patient]: Yes. >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI: And how do you feel now? >> ROSALINA [Dignitas ARV patient]: I'm very good. >> DR. JAMES ORBINSKI: I'm very good. That's great. That's great. It means building networks of people like Pax. It's really the next big revolutionary idea in terms of containing and controlling the epidemic in a way that respects people. Community-based care is about finding, using, and supporting existing structures. >> JAMES FRASER: Everyone has friends, families, neighbors who have died from the disease. What they're doing is they're helping their friends and their families and their neighbors die more comfortably, because they don't have the technology, they don't have the drugs that will actually keep people alive. If we can harness this energy, organize it, train it, and then link it to the health care system, and then we do research so that we can figure out what aspects of the model can we take from Zomba, bring it to South Africa, bring it to India, bring it to Nigeria, wherever. This will be the next key, the next big step forward to be able to increase access to treatment and keep people alive. >> PAX CHINGAWALE: Every minute of my life is full of HIV activities and I've seen a change in many people now. They respect me, and they themselves are questioning whether they have HIV/AIDS or not. So there is a very big impact. >> TITLE: Doreen died two days later. >> TITLE: She was 24 years old. >> TITLE: Dignitas is ordering a locally made bicycle-ambulance for Pax. >> TITLE: [end credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/explore-fighting-hiv <p>The battle against HIV presents unique challenges in different cultures around the world. In India, Dr. Suniti Solomon and her team at the YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education are working hard to change attitudes and slow the spread of the disease.</p> Mon, 21 Jun 2010 17:38:19 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/explore-fighting-hiv HIV, India, Dr. Suniti Solomon, HIV positive people, YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Antiretroviral drug, Sexual intercourse, Annenberg Foundation, Global Fund, explore >> TITLE: explore >> DR. SUNITI SOLOMON [Founder and Director, YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education]: I was working for the government for 22 years, and I couldn't do what I wanted. I used to see young people coming up to me for counseling. I said, "I need to talk." And the government said, "Your job is in the laboratory." So I quit, and I started the center with three people, two little rooms, and a kitchen for my laboratory. At one point of time, I think it was '97, I didn't have money to pay salaries for my staff. So I said, "We need to close down now." So I called my staff and I said, "I don't have money. You want to stay, stay with me; leave if you want." They said, "Pay us when you get money, but we are staying." I haven't had that same problem again; we are managing to run the show. Today, I have 200 people working for me; I have this building with three floors; I have a laboratory, which is 4,000 square feet. I used to see one new patient a week, today I see minimum 15 new patients a day. It's mostly word of mouth. One patient comes here; they go back and tell the others, "Look, I went there. I got the best of treatment. They've got good attitudes, they tell you what to do, they spend a lot of time with you. The doctors are good." And then when we started prevention, people said, "I need to go for a test, where do I go?" So we started a counseling center. "Where do I go for care?" We didn't have a place, except the government center where the attitudes were very bad. So I started day care. And then I need to admit, because people were getting sick, so I took two rooms in a lodge. And put "please do not disturb" outside, and we used to treat the patient inside. Then a lady who was going away to Canada gave me her house, which had three bedrooms. So we put six beds in there. And then I found this block, which was used for patients with leprosy, and was locked for the last 10 years. So then I asked the management, "Can I take this building?" and they said, "No, it's dilapidated, it'll fall." And then I beg, borrow, steal money to make this floor for administration. Today, more than 11,000 patients have been taken care of here. We have 20 beds, we have an intensive care unit, because the President of the Indian Network of Positive People, Ashok Pillai, was a patient. >> TITLE: Ashok Pillai (1968-2002)>> DR. SUNITI SOLOMON: He died in front of my eyes, with fits for four hours. And I needed a ventilator, and nobody would give me one. We couldn't sedate him more, and he died. And that day we decided, and within six months I got an ICU up here, with two beds. And we are able to save a number of lives. So it's been a struggle, but I think it's very rewarding. At the end of the day, you can sleep well. Martin has been with me from 1987. He's been with me for now 20 years. And here we draw blood. I don't think you find this anywhere else in India. You know, all these Vacutainers. We use only Vacutainers. India is a country with culture, religion, and so we thought we are quite safe. But, unfortunately, 85 percent of infections in India is spread through sex. Unprotected, penetrative sex. Because in India, men can do what they want. They have the freedom to have multiple partners, nobody will ask. Today I see software engineers, doctors, chartered accountants, industrialists, businessmen -- it has cut across all these -- because they feel, "I didn't go to a sex worker, so how will I pick up the virus? I went to my friends, or my secretary, or my classmates. So they are safe." Eighty percent of women we are taking care of -- roughly about 4,000 women -- 80 percent have a single partner that's their husband. We need to change behavior, and we know it's so difficult to change behavior. Now we are going down to the outpatient level. This is our Global Fund place, right? And that's Sangita and Pahal. Okay, and this is our outpatient: there are no patients here now, but ... okay, come. These are two of our counselors. They've finished the job for the day, right? That's Mobeen and ...>> ARCHANA [Counselor]: Archana.>> DR. SUNITI SOLOMON: Archana. Now tell them, whom did you counsel?>> MOBEEN: We just saw a male who came in for testing. But he was very much scared about his status. But after he got his report -- it was ... he was tested negative -- he was more worried about what others would have thought about him than actual the result itself.>> DR. SUNITI SOLOMON: Now, we have started doing testing free for everybody, because I think unless you really do free testing, people will not come in. And we find our walk-in is just doubling because of free testing. Now we also have a number of projects which are helping. For example, AIDS Project Los Angeles gives three drugs to 100 families, free testing for them, free monitoring for them. We have at least seven major projects. So I think we are trying to do what Robin Hood did. We steal from the rich and give it to the poor. This is Narayan, very well-trained pharmacist. And this is our pharmacy. This is three-in-one tablets: 840 rupees. This is one month's supply. It's about USD$800 in U.S.; it costs us 840 rupees, or USD$20. When we started treating people we had to give about 20 tablets a day. This is a new one, which has just come into India. It's just one tablet a day. So it's easier for compliance, or adherence. In U.S., this will cost you USD$700. Today, the whole scene is different. When somebody comes up, I say, "We have drugs today." Today, HIV is like a chronic disease. We can treat you. You will have a good quality of life for the next 10-15 years. But, unfortunately, in India, there's not even 100,000 people on antiretroviral drugs today. And we are talking of about 5 million who may need the drug, out of the 10 million who are infected. When we started, it was, I would say, 90 percent men, 10 percent women. Because women in India are getting the infection much later than the men. I mean, the ones whom we see here. So ... but today, there's roughly about 60 percent men, 40 percent women. So there are a lot of problems. So the girls don't get all the treatment the boys get. And she's the one who gets all the pressure, all the blows, if you want to call [it], in the family. But still, she has to keep a smiling face, and manage the show. In our center, when women come, either it's the man who comes and gets tested, and then he says, "I'm married." So we tell them, "Bring your wife." "No, no, no, she doesn't need." "She needs as much care as you need. Bring her, otherwise we are not going to treat you." So we literally push the man to bring his wife in. That's how we test the woman, and then do couple counseling. We did a trial for HIV phase-one vaccine here, and to get 32 volunteers, we had to talk to more than 3,000 people to come forward. That's because of the stigma attached to HIV; they don't want even to participate in a vaccine against HIV. If the priest, a Hindu priest, comes and says, "It's okay, that's alright, there's no problem being HIV positive," you know, the stigma attached to HIV will disappear in India. When the virus was first detected in the U.S., it was among gay community, among drug-users, and sex workers. So we knew that it was among a marginalized community. When we detected it in India, it was sex workers. So, naturally, all the stigma to this disease is because it was in this group of people. I always tell people who participate in my programs: If only we had detected HIV for the first time in a baby, things may have been different. There may not have been today the stigma we have for this disease.>> TITLE: To learn more: www.yrgcare.org>> TITLE: explore.org http://www.viewchange.org/videos/ausaid_02_indonesiahiv <p>In Indonesia, fresh approaches to illegal drug use and the sex industry are helping to reduce the spread of HIV. Now addicts can get access to methadone programs and clean needles, and sex workers are being tought about prevention methods by former colleagues.&nbsp;</p> Fri, 04 Jun 2010 17:16:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/ausaid_02_indonesiahiv Indonesia, HIV, AIDS, Antiretroviral drug, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Drug-related crime, World Health Day, Education, National AIDS Commission, Safe sex >> NARRATOR: Compared to many other countries battling the spread of HIV and AIDS, the percentage of the Indonesian population infected with the virus is low. But it's estimated more than 200,000 Indonesians are living with the virus, and other worrying statistics are emerging >> DR. NAFSIAH MBOI [Secretary, National AIDS Commission, Indonesia]: According to the UNAIDS report, they said that Indonesia was one of the fasting growing epidemic in Asia. And that is because we have more than 50 percent transmission among the injecting drug users, and that goes very fast. >> NARRATOR: Controlling the spread of HIV across this enormous archipelago is a huge task, but Indonesian authorities are taking on the challenge. The growing epidemic has prompted a fresh look at policies including new approaches to education, treatment, prevention, and drug law enforcement. >> DR. NAFSIAH MBOI: There can be the death penalty, actually. So what happened was anybody with drugs were put in jail, so our prisons became overloaded. But, for injecting drug users especially, that meant they went underground and they shared syringes, they shared needles among them, which means the infection went very, very fast: from almost zero in 1997 to very high prevalences in 2007. >> NARRATOR: Measures to reduce the spread of HIV have been scaled up dramatically with the support of the Australian Government, including new needle and syringe programs and methadone clinics like this one, where registered drug users can come, without fear of prosecution, for assistance to reduce their dependence on heroin. They can also access clean needles, avoiding the need to share syringes, a key cause of infection amongst injecting drug users. It's taken a shift in thinking, but it's an approach Dr. Nafsiah Mboi has worked hard to implement. >> DR. NAFSIAH MBOI: If they don't get access to prevention, like condoms and sterile needles, etc, and they don't get access to the medication and service they need, we will fail. >> NARRATOR: Work is also underway to ensure health workers have a positive approach to those at risk of contracting the HIV virus. A trip to the methadone clinic is specifically designed to be a non-threatening experience >> DR. NAFSIAH MBOI: They are our children and they have the right to be healthy, they have the right to live. >> NARRATOR: Across the water in Bali another forward-thinking program is underway. This one is aimed at reducing sexual transmission of HIV. These young women are former sex workers, and their knowledge of the local industry is being used to educate others in safe practices. The island is well known as a holiday destination throughout the region. Unfortunately, it's also where some young Indonesian women get caught up in the sex industry. >> FORMER SEX WORKER [Yayasan Kerti Praja volunteer]: I was from a small village in Java and someone came and said there's work for you in a shop. >> NARRATOR: Now she has been diagnosed with HIV, a direct result of unprotected sex. She has also joined a team of women working with Australian volunteer Emily Rowe in an outreach program promoting condom use in the Kuta sex industry, and encouraging regular health checks. It's a very successful initiative funded by AusAID. >> EMILY ROWE [outreach worker, Australian Volunteers International]: Because they understand the industry, and they understand the way that the male guests think, and because they're not shy, they can talk about all kinds of really, really detailed aspects of the work with the girls. >> FORMER SEX WORKER: For me, it's much easier for me to talk about HIV, because I know how it feels, and I know how it feels to be discriminated against, and how it feels when you get sick with HIV. >> NARRATOR: According to the women involved in the program, male guests -- as they call them -- are very reluctant to wear condoms. Changing that practice is the principal focus of the group's work. >> FORMER SEX WORKER: I think it's very, very important, especially for lots of the guests that are ... maybe they're construction workers, or they're fishermen, and they have very, very low levels of knowledge. >> NARRATOR: Teams pay regular visits to brothels and other known sites throughout the city, not only to educate, but to encourage sex workers to visit the clinic for health testing. >> DR. PUTRI GESAKMADE [Kerti Praja Foundation]: Because of this organization, we have had a really, really big impact, especially in the sex-work industry, especially with regards to condom use, and helping to treat positive sex workers with ARV treatment and therapy. So we are helping to control the epidemic. >> NARRATOR: Dr. Putri's father, Professor Wirawan, established the Kerti Praja Foundation in 1992. It's a medical organization working to provide antiretroviral therapy for patients who need it. That support has now been extended to help meet the health needs of those most at risk: sex workers. >> EMILY ROWE: I think that obviously it probably would have begun with one or two that wanted to stop working, and we thought that's such a great opportunity as peer educators, and so it's growing. We just got recently another two volunteers. >> NARRATOR: For Indonesian authorities, the strategy to fight the spread of HIV -- sexually transmitted or through the use of infected needles -- is not to ostracise the most vulnerable but to embrace them, reaping the benefits of their street-level knowledge. >> DR. NAFSIAH MBOI: So only by embracing them, by recognizing that they are the key populations, will we succeed. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/unicef-s-unite-for-children-campaign <p>UNICEF's "Unite for Children" Campaign aims to help some of the 15 million young people who have lost a parent to AIDS. Children like "Kouadio" in C&ocirc;te d'Ivoire, who is receiving help with his health and education, and dreams of one day becoming a doctor.&nbsp;</p> Thu, 03 Jun 2010 00:10:17 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/unicef-s-unite-for-children-campaign Côte d'Ivoire, United Nations, Antiretroviral drug, World Food Programme, UNICEF, HIV, Child, Education, Health, Foreign Assistance >> VOICEOVER: An estimated 15 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS. This boy, who we'll call Kouadio, is one of them. His mother died six months ago, and his father abandoned the family when Kouadio was just an infant. As if his life weren't difficult enough, he also carries the virus that causes AIDS. He now lives with his mother's two sisters in Côte d'Ivoire. They say they couldn't raise him without the help of the local health center. People of all ages receive services including medical treatment, counseling, HIV testing, and different ways to help support orphans and vulnerable children. >> N'ZUE VERONIQUE DJE [social worker]: The center can have an especially big impact on the lives of children. For example, with Kouadio, he's already feeling much better since he first visited the center. He receives medication, but partners are providing nutritional support. So his situation absolutely improved since he arrived in the center. >> VOICEOVER: Kouadio is here to receive a UNICEF school kit. He's about to start his first year in school. His kit includes a small chalkboard, chalk, pens, pencils, notebooks, crayons, a ruler, and scissors. The center also provides him antiretroviral drugs, which inhibit the replication of HIV, as well as money to pay for school fees. UNICEF's approach to helping children like Kouadio is holistic. Assistance covers education, health, and child protection, as well as food from the World Food Programme. Kouadio is already dreaming about his future. >> KOUADIO: When I grow up I want to be a doctor so I can make myself better. >> VOICEOVER: Children like Kouadio face a difficult battle, and if it's to be won, it must be fought on multiple fronts. In Côte d'Ivoire, this is Thomas Nybo reporting for UNICEF Television. Unite for children.