http://viewchange.org Videos from ViewChange.org (Filtered by topics: Health) en-us Wed, 13 Jun 2012 10:57:00 +0000 Copyright 2011 Link Media, Inc. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-using-larvicide-to-prevent-malaria As more people use bed nets to combat malaria, mosquitoes are adapting, making identifying and disrupting their breeding sites crucial. A Tanzanian pilot study led by Dr. Nicodem Govella is testing how effective larvicide is in reducing malaria in a large city. Wed, 13 Jun 2012 10:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-using-larvicide-to-prevent-malaria Malaria, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Mosquito net, Mosquito, Larvicide, Larva, Health, Sub-Saharan Africa, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine >> VOICEOVER: One of the best ways to protect the most vulnerable people from malaria is a bed net. They're highly effective because malaria-carrying mosquitoes usually bite at night. But mosquitoes are adapting to survive. Their behavior is changing.>> DR. HILARY RANSON [Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK]: Bed nets work very well at tackling mosquitoes that feed indoors at night, but as more and more people use bed nets, the mosquitoes start biting earlier and biting outside. So attacking the larva or the immature stage of the mosquitoes is a good complement to using bed nets.>> VOICEOVER: It's not just mosquitoes that are adapting. Africans are moving to cities in large numbers. So identifying and disrupting mosquito breeding sites makes sense.>> DR. HILARY RANSON: In an urban setting, it's easier to identify those bodies of water where the mosquitoes lay their eggs, and to target those. In rural areas, they're just too numerous and dispersed, but in a city, it's feasible to identify the major breeding sites, and apply insecticide to kill the immature mosquitoes.>> VOICEOVER: A pilot study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, led by Dr. Nicodem Govella, is testing how effective larvicide is in reducing malaria in a large city.>> DR. NICODEM GOVELLA [Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania]: We target the larvae because the egg doesn't eat anything, the pupa doesn't eat anything and the adult mosquito targets our blood. The larvae ingest this larvicide, they get poisoned, and then die. >> VOICEOVER: The only way to find out if the mosquito larvae are being killed is to see if the number of adults has fallen.>> DR. NICODEM GOVELLA: This is not a safari tent, but a technology for monitoring mosquito densities.>> VOICEOVER: These six funnel-shaped entrances tilt upwards. Mosquitoes can enter easily, but getting out is much harder.>> DR. NICODEM GOVELLA: In order for the trap to work, you need bait, and the bait we use is the human being. Okay, so a person is supposed to sleep inside here and act as an attractant to mosquitoes. A person sleep until the morning, when he wake up and starts emptying all the mosquitoes trapped in the chambers.>> VOICEOVER: The results show that in the six wards of Dar es Salaam where larviciding took place, the density of adult mosquitoes fell by 57 percent. So it appears to be effective, but it's not cheap.>> DR. HILARY RANSON: It's very labor intensive to identify all the breeding sites and to apply insecticides. One of the projects that we're involved with in Dar es Salaam is to try and see whether it's necessary to apply the insecticide to every breeding site, or whether you can have again more or less the same level of control by just targeting the most productive sites. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-innovative-hospital-design-driving-improved-care-in-rwanda Within the rolling hills of Burera district in Rwanda lies a revolutionary new hospital. Dr. Peter Drobac, the driving force behind Butaro Hospital's innovative but affordable design, gives a tour of the hospital and its features. Wed, 13 Jun 2012 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-innovative-hospital-design-driving-improved-care-in-rwanda Rwanda, Health, Partners In Health, Hospital, Health care provider, Healthcare, Patient, Burera District, Africa, Medicine >> VOICEOVER: The rolling hills of Burera district in Rwanda, a picturesque backdrop for a revolutionary new hospital. Its designers believe it proves high-quality healthcare can be provided in even the poorest countries. Before, a single doctor struggled to care for 350,000 people in this area. Now, this one hundred and fifty bed hospital has eleven of them. Dr. Peter Drobac was the driving force behind Butaro Hospital's innovative but affordable design.>> DR. PETER DROBAC [Director, Partners in Health, Rwanda]: So this is the pediatrics ward. It's a typical ward here in the hospital, and it's in fact our busiest ward. And Rwanda, like a lot of other African countries, suffers from a health worker shortage. The ratio of doctors and nurses to patients is not as high as we're accustomed to in the US and in England, and as a result, it's even more important that the nurses can keep their eyes on all of the patients at all times. And so from here, the nurse can see all of the patients down on this side, and all of the patients down on the other side as well.>> VOICEOVER: Infection control is a problem in all hospitals. Here, high ceilings and permanently open, louvered windows create cheap, effective ventilation.>> PETER DROBAC: Because heat naturally rises, the air moves up, along with the heat, and out of those non-operable windows. And that effect is accentuated by large four-meter diameter fans. Twelve times every hour, 100 percent of the air inside of this room is totally turned over and refreshed, and that's sort of the magic number to ensure that the risk of an airborne infection like tuberculosis is really minimized.>> VOICEOVER: Other weapons in the fight against infection include anti-germicidal ultraviolet lights and easy to clean floors.>> PETER DROBAC: The floors are made of an epoxy resin material. We think it's important because this type of material is chemically resistant, it's smooth, and it's easy to sterilize. So we think that this type of flooring material is replicable and represents a big advance.>> VOICEOVER: Another design innovation is this central conduit wall. Oxygen and electricity supplies for medical equipment are right beside the patients. And it allows them to look out at the wonderful views.>> PETER DROBAC: The large windows on this side of the ward not only allow a lot of natural light into the ward, but also for patients lying in bed, they can enjoy a really stunning view of the mountain valleys. There's actually substantial evidence that a tranquil environment that promotes a healthy state of mind actually promotes healing of the body as well.>> VOICEOVER: Every aspect of the design is about serving local needs. The community gained financially because the hospital was built by them. But the fact that the hospital was built for them has been even more enriching. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-revolutionizing-prenatal-care-in-developing-countries Health Show host Dr. Ayan Panja interviews Professor John Wyatt, inventor of a fetal heart rate monitor that is powered by a hand crank and can be used in contexts where electricity is unavailable. Wed, 13 Jun 2012 08:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-revolutionizing-prenatal-care-in-developing-countries Developing country, Prenatal care, Maternal health, Neonatology, Health, Africa, Medical ultrasonography, Infant, University College London, Mains electricity >> DR. AYAN PANJA: Pregnancy always involves some risk. But it can be much more dangerous in certain places. In the least well-off parts of the world, mothers are over forty times more likely to die, compared with mothers in Europe or America. And the risks for their babies are just as worrying. Professor John Wyatt is here with us. What's your concern here?>> PROF. JOHN WYATT [Neonatologist, University College London]: Childbirth is always a dangerous time for the baby, but it's particularly so in low-resource countries across the world. Up to a million babies a year die, particularly because of a shortage of oxygen and other problems during the process of delivery. One of the most important things is to be able to measure the baby's heart rate during labor. And in the West, this is done using handheld devices that use Doppler ultrasound, and which are usually either mains powered, or use replacement batteries. The problem is that in low-resource countries, often it just isn't possible to have a reliable mains supply, and often replacement batteries are not available.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: So what have you come up with?>> PROF. JOHN WYATT: Well, the idea is to use the same kind of principle that's used in wind-up radios to generate electricity actually for this medical equipment. And so by winding, simply by winding, we generate electricity, enough to be able to then take a measurement using this Doppler ultrasound probe, which can then listen to the baby's heart.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Fantastic. Do you mind if I have a go? We've got a patient here, so. Thank you very much; I'm looking forward to using this. Hi. Nice to meet you, I'm Ayan.>> CLAIRE: I'm Claire.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Claire, thank you for coming in. Do you mind if I have a listen in?>> CLAIRE: Yeah, sure.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: That'd be brilliant. How many weeks are you?>> CLAIRE: 28.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: 28. Fantastic. First baby?>> CLAIRE: Yes.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: We'll just wind this up. Brilliant, green light's on, so that should work. Just pump a little bit of gel on there. Lovely. All right. Switch it on. Sounds like a pretty strong heartbeat to me. Perfect. Thank you very much. That was brilliant. Good luck.>> CLAIRE: Thanks.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: So that was exactly like the probe that I use in my own surgery. Very, very good, it works really well. What have other health workers said about this?>> PROF. JOHN WYATT: Well, we've done this trial among some health workers, particularly in southern Africa, and so far I've had very positive responses. Midwives in particular have been very positive about this, and in one clinic where this was being used, the midwives were very reluctant to hand it back because it was such a useful piece of kit, and they preferred it compared to the battery operated devices that they had.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Professor Wyatt, thank you very much. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-virtual-pathology Thanks to a special camera and the Internet, Dr. Lan Huong from Ho Chi Minh City can send pictures of bacteria samples to experts in Amsterdam for analysis, the beginning of a collaborative online community of hospitals around the world. Tue, 12 Jun 2012 11:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-virtual-pathology Vietnam, Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Ho Chi Minh City, Fever, Bacteria, Netherlands, Rockhopper, The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: Bacteria are all around us.>> DR. LAN HUONG [Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam]: So this is a human culture of a woman, admitted to the ICU of Hospital for Tropical Diseases, and the woman is 45 years old and when admitted has a very high fever.>> VOICEOVER: At the Academic Medical Center, here in Amsterdam, they're doing a lab round. But the lab is in Vietnam. A special camera has been developed which can take high-resolution photographs of samples of bacteria. Doctor Lan Huong, at the Vietnamese Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, is sending pictures from her patients to the Dutch experts. And they can discuss the cases over a video link.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER [AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands]: It seems quite obvious to take pictures of bacterial plates and discuss these pictures. No one's done it, at least not in this way. This is a way to collaborate, to interact with people on the other side of the world.>> VOICEOVER: The Vietnamese patient is in intensive care with a very high fever. Her brain became inflamed after she ate a raw snail, and now she has a bacterial infection as well.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER: And she has a catheter hasn't she? A urinary catheter?>> DR. LAN HUONG: Yes.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER: In these kinds of patients at mixed cultures...>> VOICEOVER: The Dutch doctors are happy to share their expertise. And they benefit, too, by seeing a wide range of bacterial cultures from a tropical country.>> DR. LAN HUONG: So your advice is to look at the leukocytes in the urine and take a blood culture.>> DR. CAROLINE VESSER: Yes.>> DR. LAN HUONG: Wonderful.>> VOICEOVER: Thanks to their camera, the doctors in Vietnam are learning from the Dutch specialists, while helping their patients at the same time.>> DR. LAN HUONG: You only need a good internet line, and you have a camera, which is very handy, sitting next to me, quite small. It's really wonderful to us, because it help us to improve immediately our microbiology aspect.>> VOICEOVER: Dutch patients benefit, too. Every bacterial sample taken here in Amsterdam is now recorded using digital imaging. Technicians can compare and diagnose samples at the click of a button. The images are also stored for training purposes. But this is just the first step. They hope to create an online community of hospitals from around the world, able to consult and exchange information at any time.>> PROFESSOR MENNO DE JONG [AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands]: To expand, you need a web portal. So if you have a question about a certain culture, you can post it on that web portal, using the same camera, the same quality of pictures. For instance there may be a question about this particular colony on this particular culture plate, you can add a comment and leave it in the website. So this will also be a tool where different laboratories around the world, which have this camera inside their laboratory, can interact.>> VOICEOVER: All a hospital needs to take part is the special camera and Internet access. In the meantime, the Vietnamese Hospital for Tropical Diseases is already seeing the benefits.>> DR. LAN HUONG: So it's really great to communicate from Asia to Europe, and we can speak and talk and share pictures. And I really, really hope that the other hospitals can receive the benefit of the program. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-reversing-the-medical-brain-drain It wasn't easy for Dr. Ayodyha Wataliyadda to leave her family in Sri Lanka. But thanks to an initiative of the British and Sri Lankan governments, she is able to gain valuable work experience in the UK while eventually returning to practice medicine in her home country. Tue, 12 Jun 2012 10:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-reversing-the-medical-brain-drain Sri Lanka, Brain drain, Health, Physician, NHS trust, Senior registrar, Pediatrics, Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom, Northern England >> TITLE: Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, Northern England>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA [Senior Registrar, Pediatrics]: That was my daughter. And she's 5 years old, about to start school next year.>> VOICEOVER: It wasn't easy for Dr. Ayodyha to leave her family in Sri Lanka to come and work in Yorkshire in northern England.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: I was working as a medical officer in field of pediatrics, as a senior house officer, then a registrar, and then I wanted to specialize in pediatrics so I have been working in the field of pediatrics for about seven or eight years.>> VOICEOVER: Ayodyha was supported to come to the UK by the Foreign Placement Coordination Center, backed by the Sri Lankan government. In return, she signed an agreement that for every year spent in the UK, she will work for at least four years back in her home country. If this doesn't happen, she will have to pay a substantial penalty.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: It's basically an essential requirement back in my country to get one or two years of foreign experience.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Can I just have a look at your leg please? Okay, there we go.>> VOICEOVER: Five-year-old Matthew fractured his leg falling off his bicycle.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Does it hurt? Can you just move your toes a little bit for me? All right. That's brilliant.>> VOICEOVER: Ayodyha also works with premature babies.>> DR. SAL UKA [Consultant, Huddersfield and Calderdale NHS Trust, UK]: At registrar level we're talking about a senior doctor who out of hours in particular would be the most senior pediatrician on site so they do need to be able to demonstrate confidence and competence in managing pediatric emergencies in particular, but also managing newborn emergencies as well. >> VOICEOVER: Ayodhya is putting her years of experience into practice. But she is also learning new skills.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Back in my country, the gestational age that we start to resuscitate a baby is after 28 weeks after gestation, but here we take in 24 weeks onwards babies.>> VOICEOVER: This baby girl, born seven weeks early, is suffering from low blood sugar and anemia. The treatment is quite straightforward, but there are certain skills that Ayodyha can only learn in the UK.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: We lack resources there. Mainly some investigations, some equipment, and even the trained skilled people, we lack there. But here in the UK, I have seen a very well organized structure and things are in abundance.>> VOICEOVER: Only four months into her post, Ayodyha is settling in well.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: Usually we get the weekend off, so I manage to go to a few places around Yorkshire. I am settling in okay. I'm settling in very well, actually. I have almost fallen in love with West Yorkshire.>> VOICEOVER: Sri Lanka has a shortage of medical specialists, but this scheme means that they will benefit from highly trained doctors who are more than willing to use the experience gained to help improve the health services in their home country.>> DR. NICK BEECHING [Royal College of Physicians, UK]: I think the benefits are enormous and they go both ways. For Sri Lankans, they know that they're coming to previously approved jobs, their proper training posts, and that they'll be properly looked after when they get here. From the government point of view in Sri Lanka, they know they're going to get their graduates back. They're very expensive to produce, the old brain drain can't happen because they have a limited period here.>> DR. AYODYHA WATALIYADDA: It's not that we are going to stay here forever. We'll be gaining the experience, gaining the knowledge. At the same time we'll be doing a service to the NHS as well. So I have a duty to go back. It's my country, so I'll be going back in two years' time. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-pure-water-in-two-minutes The Health Show interviews Timothy Whitehead, the inventor of a water bottle that makes water safe to drink in two minutes using a filter and UV light. Tue, 12 Jun 2012 08:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-pure-water-in-two-minutes Water & Sanitation, Sub-Saharan Africa, Water security, Water supply, Water, Portable water purification, Ultraviolet, United Kingdom, Ayan Panja, Purified water >> DR. AYAN PANJA: Nearly nine hundred million people around the world don't have access to safe drinking water. It's a huge problem, not just for local people, but travelers. It's an issue that's been worrying Timothy Whitehead, who's with me now. Tim, how did you become concerned about this?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD [Inventor, Pure Water Technology]: I was traveling in Zambia a couple of years ago, and I just saw there's so little water there. People relied on chlorine and iodine tablets to sterilize water, which takes a long time, and it just tastes horrible. So I thought there must be a better solution.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: And you've come up with a device to tackle this, haven't you.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: I have, yes. I designed a water bottle -- this is part of my degree project -- which filters and sterilizes water within two minutes. >> DR. AYAN PANJA: Wow, should we have a look at how it works?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Yeah. So it's got two chambers, an outer one and an inner one, and we first fill up the outer one from our lake, stream, or dirty puddle.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Yes.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: And let's just say it's a bit of a dirty lake, so put some soil in it.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Yeah, looks like lake water to me, yeah, for sure.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: And then just like a cafeteria, you take the inner chamber, and you plunge it down, and the filter at the bottom will get rid of all the sediment and yuck from the water, so it becomes clear.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Oh yes, fantastic. And what about the bacteria that are left there, what happens to that?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: So then we've got a UV bulb, I don't know if you can see that, suspended in the middle.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Oh yes.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: And that sterilizes the water. So there we have the bulb.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Yeah, you can see it lighting up there. And you do this for how long?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: This is for ninety seconds. The UV light disrupts the DNA of the viruses or bacteria in the water, and that renders them harmless, so they're safe for us to drink. There, and I think that's just about ninety seconds.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Brilliant. Should we give it a go?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Yeah, do you want to...?>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Excellent. Yeah, let's have a taste. I'm intrigued. I'll take a sip after you take a sip. Excellent. Cheers.>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Cheers.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: It's pretty drinkable, actually. It's no different from what comes out of the tap, really. And who do you think is going to use this, in the main?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: I think it's primarily for disaster scenarios, tsunamis or anything where there's lots of water around, but you just can't drink it. And with this, you could just filter and sterilize it within two minutes and it'd be safe to drink.>> DR. AYAN PANJA: Fantastic. And have you had it tested scientifically for effectiveness?>> TIMOTHY WHITEHEAD: Yes. I'd carried out tests at Loughborough University, looking at the combination filter and the ultraviolet light, and we did e.coli bacterial tests, and it sterilized 99.9 percent of known viruses and bacteria. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-container-hospital Jermain Romeize is suffering complications during childbirth in post-earthquake Haiti. Fortunately, she is being looked after in a maternity hospital, which was built entirely out of shipping containers as a rapid response to the earthquake. Mon, 11 Jun 2012 08:04:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-container-hospital Health, Haiti, Médecins Sans Frontières, Maternal health, Hospital, Maternal death, Hypertension, Blood bank, Cold chain, Head of Mission >> VOICEOVER: Jermain Romeize has been in labor for six hours. She has preeclampsia -- high blood pressure, dangerous for both mother and baby. >> DOCTOR: Breathe, breathe. Now push, push. >> JERMAIN ROMEIZE: Wow, mercy, mercy. >> VOICEOVER: Fortunately, she safely delivers a healthy baby boy: Stanley. Giving birth in Haiti is risky. It has the highest maternal mortality rate in the Western Hemisphere. Skilled medics supervise only a quarter of births. But Jermain and her baby are lucky. She's being looked after in a specialist maternity hospital. It's built entirely out of shipping containers. It was created as a rapid response to the devastation caused by the earthquake, which put many health centers out of action. >> SYLVAIN GROULX [Head of Mission, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Haiti]: There was a need; the hospital in which we were in prior to the earthquake, unfortunately the structure was no longer safe. >> VOICEOVER: This one hundred and twenty bed facility is one of four container hospitals built by Medecins Sans Frontieres in Haiti for local doctors and nurses. A container hospital like this can be set up in five or six months. >> SYLVAIN GROULX: All of the electrical furnishings that you see, the air conditioning units for example, all of the plumbing as well, this all came as part of the package. >> VOICEOVER: These services create safe, hygienic workspaces for the Haitian staff. >> SYLVAIN GROULX: It's very, very important for us to have proper working conditions for our lab techs. It has cold chain, so fridges, and freezers, for example here we have our blood bank. >> VOICEOVER: The hospital specializes in caring for mothers whose lives, or those of their babies, are in danger. This woman has complications in her pregnancy, so her baby is being carefully monitored using ultrasound. >> NURSE: Your baby is normal. He looks okay on the scan. When he is born, we'll have to take him for tests, to check that he doesn't have any respiratory problems. >> VOICEOVER: Over three hundred babies are born here every month. Many of them are small and weak, so this neonatal ward is designed to give them the special care they need. >> SYLVAIN GROULX: These children are all born premature. They really need intensive care 24 hours a day. >> VOICEOVER: Basic incubators have replaced the more sophisticated ones that were lost in the earthquake. Life remains extremely challenging in Haiti. But for today at least, Jermain is able to just enjoy her first moments with her baby. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-2 The USNS Comfort is a hospital ship bringing medical relief and surgical care to local communities in Central America. Seventy-four-year-old Juana Mejia is on the ship to undergo surgery for the removal of her cataracts. Mon, 04 Jun 2012 09:40:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-2 Latin America, Cataract, USNS Comfort (T-AH-20), Guatemala, Health, Hospital ship, Lens (anatomy), Surgery, United States Navy, Rockhopper >> VOICEOVER: At 74, Juana Mejia has several health problems. But one particularly worries her. >> JUANA MEJIA: I can't see with this eye. I only see shadows during the day. >> VOICEOVER: Juana has cataracts. She needs surgery, but like many people here in Guatemala, she can't afford it. This health mission, run by the US Navy, is on a ten-day visit. They're working out who can benefit from their advanced medical skills, which are in short supply here. After the initial assessment, Juana and other patients are transferred to this floating hospital for treatment. The USNS Comfort is a military hospital ship that has been deployed to Latin America on a five-month humanitarian mission. Juana is now on board getting ready for surgery. US Navy doctors and nurses run the ship. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU [Ophthalmologist, US Navy]: The main procedure that we've been doing throughout our mission here are cataracts. >> VOICEOVER: A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye, which gradually blocks vision, making it difficult to focus. They usually develop over a long period. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: In developed countries, people tend to notice this change in their vision a lot sooner because we use our eyes all the time to read, for the computer, to go shopping. But out in these rural areas it's more difficult for people; so these cataracts are much more mature. >> VOICEOVER: Mature cataracts are common in poorer countries. Removing them depends less on advanced technology than on the surgeon's skill. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: We're using a technique that was developed in India for people who have waited so long for their surgeries that the modern type of procedure would just be disastrous. >> VOICEOVER: Juana's operation has started. We'll be showing it in some detail. Surgeons open up the capsule that contains the cataract. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: We can create some space between the cataract and the capsule itself and fish it out of the eye. There it is, that is the cataract. >> VOICEOVER: The cataract pops out. It is almost one centimeter long. It's this thick, dark build-up that was blocking Juana's sight. A permanent plastic lens is now implanted in her eye to restore her vision. A few stitches and it's over. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: We're almost done. >> VOICEOVER: This surgery takes less than an hour. The team will conduct over 300 cataract surgeries during this mission. Next morning, Dr. Chou checks Juana's progress. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: Relax both eyes for me. Okay. We're just going to test your vision now. >> JUANA MEJIA: I can see the things over there. The bed, something green, and something white. >> LIEUTENANT EVA CHOU: Very good. This is a patch that I want you to use to protect your eyes. >> VOICEOVER: Procedures like this could improve the sight of millions. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-cholera-introduced-to-haiti A cholera outbreak in post-earthquake Haiti has affected half a million people in just six months. While the Haitian government scrambles to build sanitation infrastructure to break the cycle of disease, health workers rely on education. Thu, 19 Apr 2012 10:16:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-cholera-introduced-to-haiti Haiti, Water & Sanitation, Cholera, Public health, Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Partners In Health, Artibonite River, Physician, Nepal >> TITLE: The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: Rosaline Duvantine is very ill. She can barely walk. A hundred people with symptoms like hers come to this cholera center for treatment every day. Five thousand people have died and almost half a million have fallen ill in just six months. >> DR. RALPH TERNIER [Partners in Health, Haiti]: We discovered a lot of new cases of diarrhea, which appeared, by the symptom, it was cholera. >> DOCTOR: Are you feeling ill? >> ROSALINE: Yes. >> DOCTOR: How many times did you go to the toilet? >> ROSALINE: Many times. >> DOCTOR: Were you sick? >> ROSALINE: Yes. >> DOCTOR: How many times did you vomit? >> ROSALINE: Many times. >> VOICEOVER: Patients have to share beds. >> DR. RALPH TERNIER: We are lacking beds. Normally this site is fit for 25 beds, so we're doubling right now. >> VOICEOVER: The disease is contracted by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with cholera bacteria. This causes severe diarrhea and vomiting. Rosaline is quickly put on rehydration therapy. All patients with cholera symptoms are isolated in these wards and treated with antibiotics and fluids. As desperate as these people look, this fast response has slowed the spread of the disease. It means fewer people are dying. But it's a short-term solution. >> VOICEOVER: Haiti had been free of cholera for over a century. Scientific reports, including one published by the US Centers for Disease Control, strongly suggest the source of this outbreak was a battalion of United Nations peacekeepers from Nepal, operating from this base in October 2010. A South Asian strain of cholera contaminated the nearby Artibonite river, and beyond. >> DR. RALPH TERNIER: The river next to the camps was infected. Now it spread into all the country. The experts said that we're going to have cholera for years. >> VOICEOVER: Poor sanitary conditions speed the spread of cholera bacteria. A million earthquake survivors are still living in tents, with no access to reliable sanitation or clean water. The government has started to build its first solid waste treatment plant. >> WILSTON ETIENNE [Department of Water and Sanitation, Haiti]: It will be a huge improvement for Haiti. It's a facility where all the excrement can be disposed of. It can go through a treatment process, so any excrement which potentially has cholera it will be contained, it will be treated, so that it's not disposed of maybe as is currently being done in canals and ravines. >> VOICEOVER: It's this kind of structural development that is needed to break the cycle of disease. Back at the emergency treatment center, health workers take an extra preventative step before discharging patients. They're teaching them how to sterilize water. >> NURSE: Take home these sachets of tablets. Use them to make your water clean. I will show you how. Remember to wash your hands with soap and water. >> VOICEOVER: It will take a long time to create a basic sanitation system for Haiti. But changing people's habits through education is also vital to keep millions of people safe from this highly contagious disease. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-robotic-surgery Augmented reality is coming to robotic surgery. Here, surgeons test the use of medical scans projected over their camera views, providing an annotated navigational display for patient Gary Keane's prostatectomy. Thu, 19 Apr 2012 08:16:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-robotic-surgery Robotic surgery, Health, Augmented reality, Surgeon, Patient, Surgery, Robot, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Robotic arm, Cancer >> TITLE: The Health Show >> DR. JUSTIN VALE [Surgeon, Imperial College Healthcare, UK]: Keep going at that angle... >> VOICEOVER: Cutting edge medicine: robotic surgery in action. These robotic arms, including a powerful camera, are slid into the patient through small incisions. At the end of the arms are the surgeon's tools. >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: So the robot is now fully docked. Okay. >> VOICEOVER: This patient has prostate cancer. It's about to be removed. The surgeon sits at a separate console, away from the patient. Each hand action is translated into much smaller movements by the robot. >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: The reason why surgeons like the technology so much is that it's scaled, so that I might move my hand two centimeters for example and the robotic hand will only move one centimeter. You can filter out people's tremors for example, by virtue of the fact that you can scale the instruments. >> VOICEOVER: Now, robotic surgery is about to get even more sophisticated. This team is testing out the use of medical scans projected over what the surgeon can actually see. This is among the latest, most pioneering work of its kind. They call it, "augmented reality." >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: The idea of augmented reality is to give the surgeon a display a bit like a fighter pilot's display so he can look out the cockpit window, but at the same time he gets information on his screen. You can start to give him other visual feeds that may be helpful. At its most advanced form, you would actually be able to overlay an image taken from a patient's preoperative scans so that the surgeon could actually see in his display exactly where structures are. If we take that overlay that we looked at earlier to show us the anatomy, you can see we've superimposed -- very stylized -- a pelvis. The green structure there is the prostate; the purple structure there superimposed is the bladder. >> VOICEOVER: The patient, whose cancer was diagnosed earlier in the year, explains why he opted for robotic surgery. >> GARY KEANE: Six members of my family have died in the past of cancer of one form or another. I was given all of the options, radiotherapy, the normal prostatectomy, or robotic. But in the end I decided on robotic because it's less intrusive and quicker. >> VOICEOVER: The operation was a success. The whole prostate is removed. Other advances in robotic surgery are also in the pipeline. >> DR. JUSTIN VALE: I think that we're on the start of a journey with robotic surgery. I don't think in the future robots will be this large. They will be much smaller devices. Big advances are going to be around things like augmented reality, active constraint stopping surgeons wandering where they shouldn't be. And once you start to do that you can even envisage a time when surgical robots may be true robots and capable of autonomous movement. Hopefully not before I've retired but I think eventually it will come. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-1 As part of a five month humanitarian trip, the USNS Comfort hospital ship is bringing medical relief and surgical care to local communities in Central America. Surgeries are performed on the ship, and primary care evaluations are carried out on shore. Tue, 10 Apr 2012 10:03:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-usns-comfort-part-1 Central America, USNS Comfort (T-AH-20), Health, Medicine, Hospital ship, Guatemala, Surgery, Operating theater, United States Navy, United States of America >> TITLE: The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: This is the US Navy at work: A powerful ship, with hundreds of highly trained officers. But this is not a military operation. This crew of military doctors and nurses are part of "Continuing Promise 2011", a five month long humanitarian mission. Their vessel, the USNS Comfort, is a hospital ship bringing medical relief and surgical care to local communities in Central America. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD [Director of Surgical Services, USNS Comfort]: We're here to make patients better, and when our patients come to see us, they're looking to make their lives a little bit easier. And we do that for hundreds and hundreds of people over the course of our mission. >> VOICEOVER: Here in Guatemala, at the crack of dawn, doctors, health workers, and nurses head to shore. They've set up temporary medical sites in nearby villages. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: The mission itself is divided upon what we do on the ship, which is primarily surgery, and what we do off the ship, which is primary care. Now there's medical care, dental care, optometry. >> VOICEOVER: People who need surgery are transferred onto the ship. Ten-year-old Carlos Ventura has been longing for this opportunity. >> CARLOS VENTURA: I burned my feet when I ran into a bonfire seven years ago. It hurts me to be like this. The doctor told me he will make the top of my foot flat again, that I'll be able to move my feet. >> VOICEOVER: For Carlos's mom, Maria Elena, it's a dream come true. >> MARIA ELENA: It is a great joy for me to know that his feet will grow normally now. I have prayed to God for this opportunity, I thought it would never come. >> VOICEOVER: A former oil tanker, the USNS Comfort is over 270 meters long and 32 meters wide. It's as tall as a ten-story building. Its primary role is to provide medical support for the US military in times of war. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: The entire ship is designed around 12 operating rooms; the ship is a floating set of operating rooms. >> VOICEOVER: The pharmacy stores one and a half million doses of medicine, to treat up to 100,000 patients. The ship carries one of only two floating CT scanners in the world. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: The technology that we have here is very, very good, because when you have this image preoperatively, it allows you to do a very good job of preoperative planning. >> VOICEOVER: Carlos is now in the operating theater. His much-awaited surgery has started. It's a five-hour procedure. Doctors remove skin from his hip to replace damaged tissue and free his muscles. With proper aftercare, Carlos will be able to move his feet again. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: We want to do surgeries that are just life, family, and community-changing surgeries. For that, primarily we're dealing with surgeries that affect function and affect your overall appearance. >> VOICEOVER: Throughout their mission, the surgeons perform over a thousand procedures like this. >> CAPTAIN WILLIAM TODD: I sought out to come on these missions because I believe very greatly on what we're doing as far as getting to these individuals, and the immense satisfaction that you get from knowing that you are helping somebody that has no other recourse many times. That is something that is very, very heartwarming. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-spinal-rehab Leon suffered a devastating spinal injury when his house collapsed on him in during the 2010 Haiti earthquake. But thanks to the Haiti Hospital Appeal, which helps rehabilitate patients with spinal cord injuries, he is beginning to stand on his own feet again. Tue, 10 Apr 2012 09:03:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-spinal-rehab Haiti, Health, Spinal cord injury, Disability, Cap-Haïtien, Earthquake, Port-au-Prince, Rockhopper, The Health Show >> TITLE: The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: Leon Ginsly works tirelessly. He won't stop. >> HANNA: Keep going, okay? >> VOICEOVER: He has energy and determination. Leon wants to get stronger. >> HANNA: You're okay? Fatigue? >> LEON GINSLY: No, no, I'm not tired. >> VOICEOVER: Leon is disabled. He suffered a serious spinal cord injury when his house collapsed during the earthquake that killed tens of thousands of people in Haiti in January 2010. >> LEON GINSLY: The house started shaking. It collapsed. Everyone died, including my wife and eight children. I was the only one that survived. >> VOICEOVER: Leon was left unable to stand up or walk, his wounds infected. Homeless and disabled, the staff at the Haiti Hospital Appeal has looked after Leon. >> DR. PAUL TOUSSAINT [Medical Director, Haiti Hospital, Cap-Haitien]: Most of our patients were depressed when they arrived here. The first step was to rebuild their confidence, the second step was to heal their wounds, to get them back on their feet, through rehabilitation. >> VOICEOVER: Now, Leon can stand up. He can even take small steps by himself. But when he stumbles, it's a reminder that his injury is still holding him back. It's the intensive physiotherapy that has helped Leon make so much progress. >> NURSE: Leon, you have to lift your foot to touch my hand. Hold it, hold it, lift it, and lift it even more. >> VOICEOVER: Leon completes a demanding session every day. >> NURSE: Since you arrived, do you think you have made progress? >> LEON GINSLY: When I came here, I was almost dead, I couldn't move. But the hard work that I have done here has made me very strong. I am getting stronger every day. >> VOICEOVER: His progress, and that of his fellow patients, has surpassed everyone's expectations. This hospital was originally designed as a maternity hospital. Now it's known locally as the Haiti Hospital Appeal, after the British charity that supports it. After the earthquake, it took in twenty-five survivors with severe spinal cord injuries. >> CARWYN HILL [Chief Executive, Haiti Hospital Appeal]: Specialists from abroad and people within Haiti thought that at least 50 percent would pass away. 24 of them have been successfully rehabilitated, of them 19 have returned to their communities and we've been able to re-house about 80 percent of them. >> VOICEOVER: Inclusion is encouraged through sports and games, regardless of the level of a patient's disability. Relatives and staff take part too. These activities keep them strong, motivated, and entertained. As for Leon, the strength he has found through his rehabilitation has turned his life around. He has begun a new journey, to become a disabled athlete and fulfill a dream for himself and his fellow Haitians. >> LEON GINSLY: I want to participate in the Olympic games in England. I would like to be part of the games. I am getting ready and working hard so that the world realizes where I come from and what I have been through. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-the-gulper Eighty percent of Dar es Salaam's population lives in unregulated settlements, forced to rely on smelly and hazardous pit latrines. "The Gulper" is transforming the way those latrines are emptied, improving the health of the whole community. Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-the-gulper Tanzania, Health, Dar es Salaam, Water & Sanitation, Cholera, Sewage, Toilet, Water supply, Feces, Latrine >> VOICEOVER: Only ten percent of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's biggest city, is connected to the central sewage system. Eighty percent of the city's population lives in settlements that have sprung up without planning permission. They rely on a huge number of smelly, dirty and unsafe latrines. But a solution is at hand. Meet "The Gulper." These motor tricycles, and the equipment they carry, are transforming the way pit latrines are emptied here. In the past, sewage often ended up contaminating water supplies, particularly during the rainy season. >> ERNEST MAMUYA [Environment Health Officer]: You wouldn't get surprised if you were finding fecal matter rolling with the storm water. It was common. In those areas, we had a problem of widespread cholera and other infections related to the disposal of waste. >> VOICEOVER: The Gulper is designed to reach customers who live down even the narrowest streets. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We have gloves, masks, helmets, and gum boots. Then, when we arrive, we assess the toilet for any risks. >> VOICEOVER: Many of the latrines are unsafe because of the old way of emptying them. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We used to completely demolish the toilet to drain it. The owners would get upset because it was completely broken. >> VOICEOVER: Julius used to earn his living this way, and saw how dangerous it could be. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: There was one time when our colleague died because the toilet collapsed in on him and covered him completely. >> VOICEOVER: It's The Gulper's pump that has made life safer and cleaner for Julius. It's not motorized, so it's easy to maintain. It's cheap and, above all, it's effective -- he can clean up to six latrines a day. All the sewage is removed, and very little spills on the ground. >> JULIUS CHISSENGO: We have a container that can hold fifty liters. We usually drain into this, and when it is full, we put it on a motorbike. Then we take it to a place specially designated to pour it all away, and that is that. >> VOICEOVER: There's another way the Gulper has made life sweeter for Julius: he's paid better. Yet customers pay less for the Gulper's services. And it's this affordability that's key to improving health for everyone living in the unplanned settlements. The more sewage that gets dumped centrally, the less risk there is to local people. Cholera is not the only disease in decline. >> ERNEST MAMUYA: The Gulper is getting rid of intestinal diseases: strongoloids, hookworms, tapeworms. There's a reduction of typhoid, amoebic dysentery. If the coverage increases, we are sure of reducing these infections quite a lot. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-snake-bites A single bite from a venomous snake can case tissue damage, paralysis, and even death. Antivenoms can keep you alive, but their side effects are often devastating. That's why scientists at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine are working with the Nigerian Ministry of Health to develop cheaper and safer antivenoms. Thu, 19 Jan 2012 09:54:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-snake-bites Sub-Saharan Africa, Snake venom, Nigeria, Anti-venom, Snake, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Health, Bleeding, Echis, Medical research >> VOICEOVER: These are some of the deadliest snakes in the world. In rural areas, their camouflage makes them hard to see. Their venom causes severe bleeding, paralysis or tissue damage. Without quick access to antivenoms, their victims can be permanently disabled -- or die. That's why scientists here at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine are working with the Nigerian Ministry of Health to develop cheaper and safer antivenoms. >> PAUL ROWLEY [Snake Handler]: Gently pin his head down, get him by the back of the jawbone. Offer him up to the beaker. You can see he's flicking his tongue out. There we go, good amount. >> VOICEOVER: This is one of Nigeria's deadliest snakes: a saw scaled viper. It's thought it kills more people than any other African snake. Right now, this dangerous procedure is the essential first step for making antivenoms. It's an expensive and complex process. The cost of antivenoms has been rising sharply for the past twenty years. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON [Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine]: The amount of venom that we've just extracted now is sufficient to kill a human being. >> VOICEOVER: Paul Rowley knows all about snakebites. He's the only person in the UK licensed to extract snake venom for medical research. It's a risky job. >> PAUL ROWLEY: Being bitten by a snake really is painful. Last time I was bitten was by a juvenile rattlesnake and a lot of swelling and intense pain. I felt like my arm was broken. >> VOICEOVER: Paul was given antivenom and it saved his life. But like nearly half of people treated, he suffered a serious adverse reaction. >> PAUL ROWLEY: A week later I took ill again due to the effects of the antivenom and they actually wanted to re-admit me to hospital because it was quite a serious situation. >> VOICEOVER: The team at the Liverpool School is developing a completely new approach. By separating out only the most toxic parts of snake venom, they hope to produce cheaper treatments that don't have such severe side effects. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON: Venom consists generally of about 200 different proteins. And the problem with this is that a lot of those proteins are not particularly toxic. And so we rationalize that if you make antivenom, which is specific only to the toxins, you won't need as much of the antivenom to affect a cure. >> PAUL ROWLEY: Oh, it's always so explosive, this stuff. >> VOICEOVER: This puff adder, with its large hollow fangs, produces especially toxic venom. The Liverpool team is working to identify the genes that produce only the most dangerous toxins in this and other snakes' venom. Stitched together to create a synthetic sequence, they are then inserted into lab bacteria. These tiny biological factories produce the vital proteins repeatedly -- a much safer process. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON: If we're successful we will generate a pool of antibodies which when combined will neutralize the main pathological toxins of all the venoms of all the deadly snakes in one region. >> VOICEOVER: They're currently testing the effectiveness of a new antivenom designed to work against all African saw scaled vipers. Preliminary results are due in the next few months. But it will be several years before it can be manufactured in bulk. Until then, making antivenom will remain very risky, even in the hands of seasoned professionals. >> DR. ROBERT HARRISON: So Paul's brought in a spitting cobra from Nigeria now. It's in this trap box. So these are one of the larger animals in our collection and they spit, so we've got to be quite careful with this one. >> VOICEOVER: A synthetic antivenom can't come soon enough. >> PAUL ROWLEY: That's how bad it can get sometimes. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-riders-for-health-2 Access is often the largest obstacle to healthcare. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the rugged, mountainous country of Lesotho, where much of the population lives mired in rural poverty. But one organization, Riders for Health, has introduced an all-terrain option that's linking communities in the most remote regions: the motorbike. Tue, 10 Jan 2012 10:22:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-health-show-riders-for-health-2 Lesotho, Health, Riders for Health, HIV, Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Healthcare, Rural area, Television, AIDS >> VOICEOVER: The mountain kingdom of Lesotho is a land of heights and extremes. The entire country stands more than 3,000 feet above sea level. The terrain and climate are harsh, and more than 75 percent of the population lives in rural areas. Delivering regular health care to those in the countryside is nearly impossible. But thanks to Riders for Health, a global non-profit, one vehicle is changing the game: the motorbike. It's rugged, it's durable, and it lets healthcare workers reach all their patients, no matter how remote. Challenges abound, but with a motorbike, distance is no longer such an obstacle. Join Rockhopper TV as it follows six people using these motorbikes to alter the terrain of healthcare delivery. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Riders for Health, Rockhopper TV, Lesotho >> VOICEOVER: The mountain kingdom of Lesotho in southern Africa. Here, most people live high in remote villages, far from tarred roads and beyond the reach of most vehicles. In winter, villages are often cut off altogether by snow. For most people, getting around here means walking. It's early morning, and yesterday's snow means a cold start for Thabiso Phoka. He's a nurse at Auray Health Center high in the mountains. >> THABISO PHOKA [Nurse, Auray Health Center]: I'm preparing the package for the outreach. There's a tally sheet inside and the needles as well for the immunizations. >> VOICEOVER: Today, Thabiso's getting ready to travel to the village of Hatakani to immunize babies and run an under five's clinic. It is ten kilometers away over rough ground - half a day's walk for most people - but Thabiso is lucky; he'll be going by motorbike. >> THABISO PHOKA: I always loved the idea of being a nurse because I wanted to help people in the community. The roads are really difficult, and it's tough riding when it's so cold. But now I know I can get wherever I need to without any problems. >> VOICEOVER: Thabiso's destination, Hatakani, is a very remote place. A simple lack of transport means people are often unable or reluctant to get medical help. For Thabiso, this meant diseases went untreated and children remained unvaccinated. But last year he was provided with a motorbike and trained how to ride it. But even for Thabiso, Hatakani is hard to reach, and he has to walk the final leg down to the village. >> THABISO PHOKA: Before the motorbike it was not easy to come. I think they were thinking that we were neglecting them. >> VOICEOVER: Thabiso comes here on a set day every month. Mothers from the village and surrounding area have brought their children for an under five's clinic. >> THABISO PHOKA: The most important things I do in the villages are vaccinations and giving health talks about how people should take care of themselves, because some of the illnesses they come to the health centers with are things they themselves should be able to prevent. The cases we used to see a lot were hygiene related, like diarrhea and scabies, but they're no longer here because we've taught people how to look after themselves. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: These new recruits are starting their second day of training. None of them have ever ridden a motorbike before. Isaac Monokwa, like the other trainees, works at a government-run rural health center. >> ISAAC MONOKWA [Ministry of Health, Lesotho]: I work as an HIV/AIDS counselor. My job at the clinic is to encourage people to check their status. I do the tests myself and if they test positive, I talk to them about the treatment they must follow. The motorbike will really help me. I'll be able to get around much quicker and will be able to get to more villages in a day. >> VOICEOVER: But when it comes to learning to ride, Isaac has a long way to go. It seems he'll be testing Soloman's teaching skills, and his reactions. >> SOLOMAN HLASA [Motorbike Instructor]: It's just a matter of giving him a lot attention. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I had some difficulties changing gears at first. But as I ride more, I'm getting used to it. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: He's not yet confident standing up. >> VOICEOVER: If Isaac can't stand up on the bike, there's no way he'll tackle Lesotho's rough terrain. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: Oh, you can see he's very scared. >> VOICEOVER: But Isaac's determined. He has a very personal reason to succeed. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I wanted do this work because I discovered I was HIV positive. When I found out, my life became miserable, and back then the treatment wasn't really available. I went for counseling and they were looking for people who weren't ashamed to come out and talk about their status. I turned out to be one of the brave ones and they gave me training. >> VOICEOVER: The weather in Lesotho can change in an instant. Today, Isaac and the other trainees are getting their first taste of riding in the rain and over rough ground. The going's tough for all the riders - but especially for Isaac. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: He comes off the bike but he gets back on very fast. He shows a lot of courage. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I think it is determination that brought me here. I knew I'd meet these challenges and that I'd fall, but to fall doesn't mean you have to give up. You have to get back on and carry on riding. >> VOICEOVER: Gradually, Isaac starts to get the hang of it. >> SOLOMAN HLASA: So far Isaac has improved a lot, and he's making me proud so far, yeah. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: Today's training was really tough but I liked it. I'm going to sleep like a baby. I'm really tired. >> VOICEOVER: Back at his government health center, and having passed his two weeks training, Isaac's ready to hit the road. >> ISAAC MONOKWA: I'm very excited because this will be my first day. Today I'm going to a village called Gamosethe. I'm going to follow up on patients who I've not seen for over a month. I think they'll be happy because before I wasn't able to get to them, so I think they'll be excited to see me. >> VOICEOVER: And he was right. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Riders for Health, Rockhopper TV, Lesotho >> VOICEOVER: Takiso Setsabi is on his way to one of the seven rural health centers he serves. He's one of thirty sample transporters operating in Lesotho - the missing link between rural clinics and hospital laboratories. >> TAKISO SETSABI [Nurse]: I love riding the bike because it's not here for fun but to help the community. It makes me really proud because there aren't many of us who ride. >> VOICEOVER: At Takiso's destination, Fatima Health Center, the nurse, Tjoloba, is with one of his HIV positive patients. Mamahloli has walked for four hours to get here from her village. The drugs she takes to manage her HIV have been causing her painful side effects, so she's stopped taking them. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA [Nurse, Fatima Health Center]: We are going to check kidney and liver function so we can change her drugs to another first line regimen, which has lesser side effects. >> VOICEOVER: The faster Tjoloba can get the results, the sooner he can get Mamahloli back on treatment. He knows that Takiso's on his way, but that wasn't always the case. Before the motorbikes, Tjoloba would have to rely on patients volunteering to take samples to the hospital laboratory, 20 kilometers away, on public transport. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA: Previously there was no choice. The samples include the TB bacilli as well as HIV. If anything could happen for the spilling of those samples within the public transport that means every passenger within would be at risk of contracting some infection. >> VOICEOVER: Samples often sat waiting for someone to take them and Tjoloba had to collect the results himself. Sometimes the whole process would take two to three months. It was a delay that cost lives, especially with diseases like tuberculosis. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA: TB is very important to get results immediately. While we are still waiting for the results the patient could be infecting other people and we end up with a lot of deaths. >> VOICEOVER: But now, Takiso visits the health center twice a week. Today, as well as Mamahloli's samples, he's collecting blood and sputum from nine people who may have TB. He's been trained how to handle and transport these samples. >> TAKISO SETSABI: Because I ride on these rough roads every day, I know how to handle them. When I get to parts that are really pot-holed, that shake you around, I stand up. In a car, the samples would just be rattling around all over the place. >> VOICEOVER: Many samples used to be ruined by lengthy storage or in transit. But now, Takiso can get to the lab quickly, ensuring the samples arrive in good condition. >> TAKISO SETSABI: I register the samples and I also help with basic laboratory tests because they've taught me how to do that. >> VOICEOVER: A couple of days later and Takiso is returning to Fatima Health Center with the results. And for Tjoloba, there's great news about his suspected TB patients. >> TJOLOBA TJOLOBA: All the results for TB are beautifully negative. >> VOICEOVER: There's good news for Mamahlodi too. The results show her liver and kidneys are functioning well, so she can be given more suitable lifesaving treatment straight away. And for those like her who have to walk so far to get here, the reliability of sample transport means it's never a wasted journey. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: Tukula Mothonyana is a TB officer based at Maluti Hospital in Lesotho. >> TUKULA MOTHONYANA [TB Officer]: I run TB clinics here and get people started on treatment. TB is a very dangerous disease because it's so infectious. It spreads quickly and easily from person to person through the air, so it's important to get people on treatment fast. My biggest challenge is when some people default on their medication. Often, they start to feel better, and so they stop taking the drugs believing they're already cured. >> VOICEOVER: Defaulters are common in Lesotho. Often they don't collect their treatment or attend check-ups because it's so difficult for them to get to their nearest health center. Tracing them quickly is vitally important, but finding defaulters can be a major challenge. Experienced rider Mathato, is taking recent trainees and fellow health assistants, Puleng and Lintle to try and track down one such TB patient. The first stop is his local council office. But there's some bad news. >> PULENG: We have just discovered that Mr. Fata Masupa has just passed away already. >> VOICEOVER: It may be too late for their defaulter, but it's still vital they find his family. There's a risk they too might be infected and could be passing it on to family and neighbors. Having been pointed in the right direction, they set off. But with no road names or house numbers, it's never that simple. >> MATHATO [Nurse]: It seems that there are two people with the same name and surname so this one is not the one we are looking for. The one that we are looking for is that one down there. >> VOICEOVER: A case of mistaken identity, so the search continues. But sometimes, patients deliberately give false details to health workers, as Tukula knows all too well. >> TUKULA MOTHONYANA: It makes it really difficult when some of them give us false names and addresses. When you want to visit them you go to the village and find no one knows them. >> VOICEOVER: But why don't they want to be found? Well, health workers Lesotho always encourage patients to get tested for HIV so they know their status. But many people here just don't want to know. Back with Mathato and her team, and they've managed to find the widow of the deceased defaulter. >> WOMEN: So sad to discover that the person we are tracing is dead. And she's still mourning. >> VOICEOVER: They suspect that by defaulting on TB treatment the dead man may have developed a more dangerous strain known as Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, or MDR TB. >> WOMEN: The family, they might be infected, we don't know but we advised her to go for the checkup. >> VOICEOVER: This constant vigilance is what's needed to keep this dangerous strain of drug resistant TB contained. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> VOICEOVER: Across Lesotho, motorbikes are constantly ferrying medical samples from clinic to lab, or allowing health workers to reach the communities they serve. These services rely on their bikes day after day. But keeping them going on these tough tracks is no mean feat. In charge of keeping Lesotho's fleet of a hundred and twenty motorbikes on the road, is mechanic Thaele Seleke. >> THAELE SELEKE [Motorbike Mechanic, Lesotho]: A bike is a small thing; it's not like a car. A car can last a bit longer. But really when you look at this machine it needs you to take care of it just like a baby. Watch it closely. I've got 120 babies here to watch. >> VOICEOVER: If any of Thaele's 'babies' need serious attention - a new clutch, a set of shock absorbers or a major engine problem - he brings them here to the workshop. But most of his time is spent out visiting the bikes all over the country. >> THAELE SELEKE: It's all about preventing problems from happening. We detect them before they can happen. It's unusual because we are the only ones who are doing this kind of job here. >> VOICEOVER: This preventative maintenance is what sets Thaele and his team apart. >> THAELE SELEKE: We always do this as a routine each and every month. Check everything, service everything; make sure that it's tip-top. >> VOICEOVER: Vehicles all over Africa are in a terrible state. At hospitals, you'll often find vehicles, some nearly new that are left rusting because of a blocked air filter or a worn out tire. But Thaele and his team go that extra mile to make sure they spot and fix problems before the bikes break down. With eight bikes to get through, there's no time to waste. But Thaele gets all the riders involved. >> THAELE SELEKE: I do like very much when I work on someone's bike. The rider should be there so that we should discuss few things. I always pass my knowledge to them. >> THAELE SELEKE: What you're doing isn't right. You have to have a tape, so you know the exact measurements - about 30 millimeters. >> THAELE SELEKE: The small things - they should know how to check them on their own. >> VOICEOVER: They're all trained to do daily checks. But it's not just about keeping the bikes running. >> THAELE SELEKE: If you don't do a check you before you ride, really you are risking your life because it might lose things like bolts, or chain warn out then when it cuts off really you fall off terribly. So we make sure we prevent such things. They shouldn't happen. >> TITLE: ViewChange >> TITLE: Riders for Health, Rockhopper TV, Lesotho >> VOICEOVER: Lesotho has the third highest HIV prevalence in the world. Almost one in four people here are living with the virus. But Lesotho is fighting back and HIV counselors like Lefulesele Masokanye are in the frontline. Today she's come to St. Magdalena rural clinic. Much of her work involves trying to prevent mother to baby transmission of HIV. She's here to follow up on those suspected of defaulting on treatment or missing checkups. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE [Mentor Mother, Berea District, Lesotho]: I have got the list now for the people we are visiting today and the first one is a pregnant woman and she's positive. So we are going to look if she has already taken the drugs to prevent the virus to pass through to the baby. >> VOICEOVER: A lot of Lefulesele's time is spent out in the villages, encouraging pregnant mothers to attend check ups and get treatment. If they're put on prophylaxis early enough in pregnancy, there's a very good chance they won't pass HIV to their babies. But it can be a difficult job persuading people who live so far from the clinics. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: When they get home they don't take it seriously. That's why we have to follow to see that they're doing the right thing. >> VOICEOVER: Lefulesele has come to see Mamojaki and her three-month-old baby girl. But soon after arriving, she realizes there's bad news. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: Her mother didn't get prophylaxis at all. And even the baby didn't get it after she has been born and so the baby could be positive. >> VOICEOVER: Mamojaki says she didn't go for check ups because she's afraid people would shun her if they knew she was HIV positive. It's something Lefulesele comes up against all the time, and she understands it better than most. She's also HIV positive. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: We have to tell everybody, because we have been through this so we have to stop this. I stand there, I tell them that I'm HIV positive, look at me; you can see I'm still healthy. I just tell her she should go there, don't be scared of the people. This is her life, and life comes once, and the treatment is free. She's not going to pay anything. >> VOICEOVER: Cases like Mamojaki's are very close to Lefulesele's heart. They're the reason she does this job. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: I was pregnant so I went to the clinic. I found that I'm HIV positive so they said I should come back and do my checkups but I didn't go. >> VOICEOVER: Lefulesele had a baby girl. She didn't return to the clinic until a month after she was born. It was during that visit that she was asked if she'd consider working as a HIV counselor. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: I heard about an interview for the mothers who are positive, so I went there and I passed the interview. But I didn't realize that when I was holding her she was already dead. I found out when I got home. >> VOICEOVER: Her baby daughter had died in her arms at just one month old. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: I had a very nice girl and I miss her a lot. >> VOICEOVER: A few days later, and Lefulesele has come to check up on Relenbonile, another HIV positive mother. But today's not a nice day to be out on a motorbike. >> LEFULESELE MASOKANYE: It is very bad today, very bad. All of a sudden hailing, sunshine, cold at the same time. Even lightning! >> VOICEOVER: But for Lefelesele, it's all worth it. Relenbonile has been to all her check ups. She's taken the treatment throughout pregnancy, birth, and through to weaning. Her baby's recently been tested and is HIV negative. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/vinegar-revolutionizes-cervical-cancer-screenings A medical team from the United States is training Rwandan doctors and nurses in a new program dubbed "See and Treat." A quick test using vinegar allows for an immediate diagnosis of cervical cancer, and low-cost treatment techniques are readily available. Wed, 28 Dec 2011 09:07:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/vinegar-revolutionizes-cervical-cancer-screenings Rwanda, Health, Pap test, Cervical cancer, Cell (biology), Reproductive health, Developing country, Cervix, Acetic acid, Obstetrics >> VOICEOVER: Over 800 women have descended on this rural health clinic in Rwanda. They?re desperate to be screened for cervical cancer. Only a hundred of them will get the chance to be seen today by a team of American medical volunteers. Lead by Dr. Pam Silverstein, they?re piloting a scheme that they hope will one day save the lives of thousands of women. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN [Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist]: We came into this knowing there was a big need. The death rate from cervical cancer is 30 percent of the total female cancer deaths. >> VOICEOVER: Since the experts and labs needed for high tech screening don?t exist here, a program called "See and Treat" has been developed as a low resource alternative. After filling in a questionnaire and receiving private counseling, the women are ready to be screened using a technique called VIA - Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid - or, as it is more commonly known, vinegar. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: The speculum is used to open the vagina and then you can see the cervix at the end of it. This is vinegar at the end of this gauze; it?s 5 percent ascetic acid. It?s placed on the cervix for one minute and what the vinegar does is coagulate the protein so when you have abnormal cells in the cervix it coagulates to become a white lesion that you can see with a naked eye. >> VOICEOVER: Using this test, around 18 percent of the women being screened at this clinic are shown to have abnormal cells in their cervix. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: We do have a positive result, which means there's a white lesion right at 11 to 12 o'clock on the cervix. >> VOICEOVER: This rapid diagnosis leads to immediate treatment. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: Now we will do the cryotherapy. This is a cryo tank. It's filled with carbon dioxide. Here's the cryo tip. The high pressure creates temperatures at minus 68 degrees centigrade. So this will freeze the layer of cells that have the abnormal cells in it, causing that to blister up and be a dead layer of cells that then gets shed by the body over several weeks. >> VOICEOVER: Though the equipment costs three and a half thousand dollars, treatment only costs around a dollar per patient, so it's very cost effective. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: These women usually come from two to three hours away, so doing it in one day is a vital aspect of appropriate screening and treatment in developing countries. >> VOICEOVER: The team manages to screen 110 women and treat 23. But as volunteers, they can't afford to stay any longer. So they've devoted much of their two-week visit to passing on their skills. >> DR. PAM SILVERSTEIN: The outcome of this project was really gratifying because I realized that we can send teams not only to other places in Rwanda but other places in Africa and this could be replicated in many developing countries in the world. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/new-device-makes-circumcision-safer Rwanda is introducing a new tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS: an innovative device that makes male circumcision safer and more efficient. If adopted on a large scale, it has the potential to sharply decrease the number of new HIV cases. Wed, 14 Dec 2011 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/new-device-makes-circumcision-safer Rwanda, Circumcision, HIV, Health, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, AIDS, Safe sex, Rockhopper, The Health Show >> VOICEOVER: There is a war against HIV infection and AIDS. This instant blood test reveals the winners and losers. For these teenagers, it's good news - the line in the top box means they're not infected. But the even better news is that they can reduce their chances of ever becoming HIV positive by taking one simple step, a step that could save millions of lives around the world. Circumcision. >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO [Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Health, Rwanda]: Circumcision is the most efficient tool to fight HIV/AIDS. When you are circumcised, you have a 60 percent decrease in the risk to be infected against somebody who is not circumcised when you have risky sex. >> VOICEOVER: This large protective effect was demonstrated by three clinical trials in Sub-Saharan Africa involving 11,000 men. They showed that circumcision reduces HIV infection in heterosexual relationships. This proven effectiveness has prompted the Rwandan Minister of Health to set an ambitious goal. >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO: Our target is to circumcise two million men, adolescent, adult and children, newborn, by the end of 2012. >> VOICEOVER: But how can circumcision on this scale be achieved in countries like Rwanda, where the hospitals and professionals skilled in anesthetics and surgery are in very short supply? Tzameret Fuerst heads a company that has created Prepex, the only circumcision device ready to market which doesn't need anesthetic. >> TZAMERET FUERST [CEO, PrePex]: The Prepex device has been tested in Rwanda for the past year, and the outcome of these studies is a device that can conduct adult male circumcision with no needles, no knives, no loss of blood, safe, simple, and cost-saving adult male circumcision in resource limited settings. The device works on a very simple principle. We essentially stop the flow of blood to the unwanted tissue, which is the foreskin, and the foreskin over the course of a week will dry up, become very, very dry, and then after a week you'll cut that foreskin off in the same way that you'll cut your nails. >> VOICEOVER: The exposed skin becomes tougher, and acts as a stronger barrier against HIV. Jean Paul Bitega, the military surgeon in charge of the Prepex study, explains. >> LT COL JEAN PAUL BITEGA [Head of Clinical Affairs, Kanumbe Military & District Hospital]: A person living without shoes, they have very hard skin. They are walking on stones every day without any wounds. So it's the same thing with the penis. Once you remove the foreskin the probability to have a wound is less. >> VOICEOVER: In a country where there are only three hundred doctors for a population of ten million, Jean Pauls skills are too valuable to be used exclusively for circumcision. Prepex's simplicity means that nurses can replace the doctor after just one week of training. The first task of the nurses is to choose which of five sizes to use. Once the circumcision line is marked, fitting the device is very straightforward. >> TZAMERET FUERST: You place this ring at the base of the penis, insert this ring under the foreskin, so now the foreskin is completely covering the inner ring, bring this elastic ring right on top, and release. The foreskin is trapped under the elastic band stopping the flow of blood to the unwanted foreskin tissue. >> VOICEOVER: The process may look simple, but it should only be done by trained medics. All the men receive group and individual counseling about safe sex. >> TZAMERET FUERST: Its important to remind ourselves that male circumcision is not the silver bullet. It's 60 percent, it's not 100 percent, which is why it's important that it's implemented as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy. >> VOICEOVER: After a week, the men return to have the device removed. >> TZAMERET FUERST: The foreskin will be safely removed using blunt edged scissors that cannot harm the glands, cannot harm the penis in any way. During the whole procedure, really the only point of pain or discomfort is when you're extracting the inner ring, which will be like removing a bandage on a wound. It will be two seconds of pain and pop it's out. >> MAN 1: Im delighted because I didnt feel any pain. I continue to do my job normally with no problem. I am not inconvenienced at all. >> MAN 2: Before the circumcision it was very ugly to see but now my penis is improved. It's very smart! >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO: People leave the circumcision with a smile. Nobody does the traditional expression when you have circumcision, this doesn't happen. >> VOICEOVER: An earlier study of three hundred men has proved that this method is safer, faster and cheaper than conventional surgical circumcision. And it's urgently needed. >> TZAMERET FUERST: Every 16 seconds someone dies of AIDS. So the impact is phenomenal. We're talking about roughly 4 million lives that can be saved over the next decade or so. >> DR. AGNES BINAGWAHO: My dream is for Rwanda, and Africa and even the rest of the world as a whole, being more safe by having the males circumcised and have less risk to be infected by HIV. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ramkeshari-and-renu Ramkeshari Shrethsa has been teaching women in Kathmandu about family planning for nearly two decades, since before climate change decimated the once-clockwork rainy season. Ramkeshari's daughter Renu is studying for a career in family planning education and believes it decreases the demand for shrinking natural resources. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 12:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ramkeshari-and-renu Nepal, Family planning, Health education, Health, Reproductive health, Maternal health, Kathmandu, Environment, Climate change, Himalayas >> TITLE: Kathmandu, Nepal >> RAMKESHARI SHRESTHA: I started working in family planning about eighteen years ago. When we would go to temple people would have eight, nine, or six kids. At first it was difficult to go door to door. It was difficult to talk to people about condoms. Now it's very easy. Without me asking, they come to my house for family planning. It is very healthy for women. When there are fewer kids, it means less food and clothes. It's also good for the environment because we don't demand too much from it. Times have changed. We used to be shy about these subjects. The children today don't have any problem talking about it. >> RENU SHRESTHA: What people need the most is education. With education people can decide what is wrong and what is right. Consequently, they will become more conscious of the future. >> RAMKESHARI SHRESTHA: My daughter likes the work I do, so she comes with me. It makes me really happy that she has an interest in my work. >> RENU SHRESTHA: I'm very inspired by my mom. That's why I got involved. My mother would work all day without food in her stomach, all for the sake of our community. Her sacrifice inspired me to do the same thing. >> RAMKESHARI SHRESTHA: I'm so proud of her. I feel like she is the reward for my service. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-sarada Infrequent rains have dried out the soil in parts of Nepal's terai, a region of rolling plains on the Indian border where Sarada Chaudhary lives, and an expanding population has meant more trees felled for firewood. Yet Sarada sees great potential in the women in her group to improve their own lives, and also to help preserve the forest. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 11:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-sarada Nepal, Health, Family planning, Birth control, Deforestation, Maternal health, Rain, Reproductive health, Dang Deukhuri District, Climate change >> TITLE: Dang, Nepal >> SARADA CHAUDHARY: From my experience in the last fifteen years or so the temperature and the rainfall has changed a lot. Now it does rain, but it's not during the normal season. When we think it will rain, it doesn't. The rainfall is random. So it has really affected our farming. About twenty-five percent of us have enough food. The others go to India to do menial work. The situation for women is poor. All of the responsibility is on them. The majority of men here go to the Gulf or India for work. Women have to cook, so they have to collect the wood. If there is no wood, how will we cook? Before we could get wood close by, but now we have to walk one and a half hours to get wood. Because of population growth, the forest has been disappearing. In about fifty years, I think this place will turn to desert. When I went and talked to women about family planning and conservation of the forest they would ask if I could provide them with resources. There is a great need for family planning. Even women from India come here for contraceptives. The girls from here who married men in India would take a year's worth of contraceptives with them. Women should be empowered. They should have knowledge about every field, whether it is education, health, or climate change. The environment is connected to our lives. I can see how we are being affected and I'm worried about the future generation. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-fatima Fatima Said Yesuf's family lost everything in a flash flood. They now live with about 20 other families in a relocation camp of corrugated metal shacks covered with plastic tarps. She has turned to family planning keep from becoming pregnant again, so she can focus on raising the six daughters she already has. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 10:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-fatima Ethiopia, Birth control, Wollo Province, Health, Maternal health, Family planning, Reproductive health, Population Action International >> TITLE: Wollo, Ethiopia >> FATIMA SAID YESUF: I was asleep during the rain. As you know, sleep and death are the same. We were in a deep sleep. The water came in the house and over the bed. The touch of the water woke me up. I screamed to wake up my family. The baby was under water. And my husband didn't see her because he was barely awake. We just managed to get her out of the house. It was so sudden. I've never seen anything like it in my life. Because of the flood, the kids always have nightmares. We were resettled in this camp. They gave us fifteen kilos of wheat per person. My husband works as a laborer to feed our family of eight. I'm nursing a baby so I can't get work to help support the family. There is so much work to be done at home. I cook, I prepare coffee, I bake injera, and I fetch water. There isn't a single break all day. I went to the clinic because we were sick. And there I heard them talking about family planning, about different methods. They said, "If you need family planning, come talk with us." They told us we could receive different choices like injections and pills. The first few children I had were girls. We wanted to have a boy. But we continued having girls. Six of them. I decided having more would create suffering. With more children, my life was not improving. So I have decided to make family planning my goal. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ayneshet Ayneshet, a health extension worker in Ethiopia, is dedicated to educating women about the benefits of family planning. She helps women realize that reducing the number of births decreases the chances of complications and increases the likelihood of rising from poverty. Wed, 30 Nov 2011 09:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/weathering-change-ayneshet Ethiopia, Family planning, Health, Maternal health, Wollo Province, Birth control, Environment, Climate change, Reproductive health, Community health worker >> TITLE: Wollo, Ethiopia >> AYNESHET GUBENA [Health Extension Worker, Ethiopia]: My name is Ayneshet Gubena and I'm a health extension worker. I have a program to go to the village twice a week. There are 15 neighborhoods in this locality and a lot of the women come to us. A woman at the age of twenty or twenty-five, when she becomes a mother of four or five children, clothing and schooling them is difficult. Therefore, if they use family planning, they can reduce poverty. That's what I think, and I'm sure it will in the future. There was a low willingness to use family planning in the past. I would go door to door and they would denounce family planning. They wanted to give birth and raise them by the virtue of luck. Once they are born, God will provide for children. They had that belief. But now we have educated them that this is harmful. This belief harms the mother and the family economy. Women suffer a lot. They have a great burden. They lose a lot of blood during childbirth. They get weak when they have children one after the other. There can be bleeding, leading to death. Because of this I want to work closely with them and to teach them about family planning. I'm really happy when I see women's lives improve. Whether it is family planning or anything. It's great to see them at a better place in their life. It's great to see them with a healthy baby. When there are no problems, and there is love in the family, it makes me very happy to see. I love it. It really makes me happy. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/where-the-water-meets-the-sky Written by Jordan Roberts (March of the Penguins) and narrated by Academy Award®-winner Morgan Freeman, Where the Water Meets the Sky tells the inspiring story of a group of women in a remote region of Northern Zambia who achieve the unimaginable: they learn how to make a film as a way to speak out about their lives, raising an issue that no one will discuss - the plight of young women orphaned by AIDS. Fri, 04 Nov 2011 08:23:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/where-the-water-meets-the-sky Zambia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Gender, Samfya, AIDS, Africa, Technology, AIDS orphan, Lake Bangweulu, HIV >> VOICEOVER: In a remote region in northern Zambia, deep in the Congo River Basin, is a lake with a perfect name. In the local language, they call this place "Bangweulu", which means, "Where the water meets the sky." Built along the shores of this lake is the town of Samfya. Home to mostly fishermen and their families, it is one of the poorest places in the country. Abibata Mahama and Dominique Chadwick are filmmakers and teachers, and this is their first time in Zambia. And they're traveling the 300 miles from the capital to find some new students. Their goal is simple - to bring together a group of women and girls and ask them to speak out about their lives. But they won't just be talking with each other. If the project succeeds, a group of women from Samfya will be heard by their entire community. And they'll be sharing their views in an altogether different way, using a tool that most here have never seen before. >> TITLE: Where the Water Meets the Sky >> ABIBATA MAHAMA [Project Co-Director]: When we got to Samfya, in northern Zambia, we decided to get a group of women and girls together from different backgrounds. >> VOICEOVER: The search for their new filmmaking students begins at a local high school. Here, the head teacher has found seven young women keen to join up. Their next stop is the Samfya market, where fresh fish and local produce are sold daily, mostly by women whose average income is less than a dollar a day. Here, they find two young women selling vegetables who agree to take part. Their final stop is a fishing camp on the edge of town, the poorest area in Samfya. The people here live in straw huts without electricity or running water. Very few have ever attended school, and most cannot read or write. At first, the women seem reluctant. But with a little encouragement from Mabel, the project coordinator, here too they have success. >> MAN: They're saying, "We've just come for the women", so we asked, "What about the men?" And they said, "No, no men, it's just for women." So we said, "Things will be difficult for us, looking after the children, washing, cooking for ourselves." But we're allowing them to go ahead and do their work. >> MABEL [Project Coordinator]: This Agnes, this is Anna, this is Lillian, then she is Beatrice, she is Anastasia, this is...I've forgotten your name. Doreen, okay, and this is Royda. So we have about seven from the fishing camp. Don't worry; we'll bring them back later today. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK [Project Co-Director]: I'm Dominique, and I work together with Abibata to run some training for women. We're going to teach you how to use a camera so you can make films that will tell your stories. Once you make a film, produce a film, you can show it to your family, then to your community, to your village, to the other communities in Zambia, and then to the outside world as well. This thing is a microphone, and it takes the sounds, what you hear. >> VOICEOVER: Only half the population of Samfya has electricity, there are no cinemas, and few people own televisions. Although most of the women in the group have never seen a camera or a microphone before, in just three weeks they will produce a film to show the people of Samfya. >> MWELWA [Project Coordinator]: This thing you see here, it records the sound. For example, what I'm saying now, this thing can capture it. >> ABIGAIL [Student]: In the beginning, I was scared of holding these things. I was even scared of getting close to them. But now I have learned they are not difficult to use. And I'm ready to work with them. My life has been like this: I was born in a rich family. But my father wasn't looking after my mother, so we decided to leave our village and went to live with my aunt. I noticed my mother started changing. Every now and again she would go into hospital. So, then in 1995, I think I was in grade two, my mother's illness got worse. So I said, "What are we going to do?" She said, "We'll just leave it alone and God will look after us." My grandfather said, "Daughter, your illness is getting worse. Please bring Abby so she can start living here." So that's how I went to live in Mabumba. One year went by. In 1997, we got a letter saying that my mother had passed away in Lubwe hospital. So I said to myself, "Now that my mother has died, what am I going to do?" And so I left the house and I went to the bush, where I stayed for two days. While I was there, I just cried. >> WOMAN: Through our suffering, we've looked after her. Whatever we had to eat, we shared with her. Whatever we had, we gave her, to make sure she grew up well. I want her to live well and be settled in life, to take care of herself and be independent. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: So you position them and make sure that the camera doesn't face the sun. So put them somewhere, maybe there. >> BRIDGET [Student]: The thing that pleased me the most was how to use the camera for filming. I never knew how to use a camera. I would see people filming and just admire from afar. They would be showing off, not letting anyone touch it. Now I'm happy because I have learned how to use a camera. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Who else wants to take the camera, and what else does the person want to do? >> ANASTASIA: I want someone to go over there and talk. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Okay, so press the red. Ask her to press the red button. Good. You see that is dark, because they are in the shade. >> VOICEOVER: After their first introduction to the cameras, the group must now turn their attention to themselves. The women are encouraged to open up about their lives here in Samfya. >> MWELWA: Let's talk about issues for our film that could make a big impact. After we make the film we'll take it to the villages. It will bring a message and help teach people. Can you see us doing this? >> MWELWA: It was difficult for some of the women in the group, because they had never shared their life stories with anyone. In our Bemba tradition, from the time one is born, it is customary for women not to speak their minds in front of men. Women are not given the opportunity to speak out about their problems, or other things that affect people's lives in the villages, so they're not used to speaking out for themselves. >> MABEL: Ladies, we've come together to talk about the hardships we're going through. The problems that we go through, ladies, are many. We have to talk about them. So now is the time to be open. We don't get opportunities like this everyday. >> LYRIEN [Student]: I really wanted to go to school but my father died early, and there were ten of us, but my mother couldn't look after all of us so we were forced to get married early. All we have found in our marriages is suffering. >> AGNES [Student]: With AIDS you could be a married woman, sitting at home being faithful, while your husband sleeps around and brings you the illness. >> FRIEDA [Student]: What can we do so that this disease goes away? Children are suffering because their parents have brought this disease. What can we do to reduce the impact of parents dying from AIDS? Had it not been for the parents bringing in the illness, they wouldn't need to turn to prostitution and we wouldn't see our communities filled with orphans. >> FRIEDA: Because women here don't talk about the problems we're faced with, we've been held back. But if we spoke out about the problems we're faced with, it would lead to progress for the women in our society. I am happy to be a member of this group of women, because this group is helping us to talk to each other and to share ideas and explain the problems we are facing. It brings me a great deal of concern, this disease of AIDS. The reason I'm talking about this is because it's gripped my heart. If I were to die of AIDS, what would happen to my children? Will they be like those children of other dead parents who have to struggle with all sorts of problems and maybe become street kids because they don't have anyone to help them? All of these are challenges. >> VOICEOVER: It's their second day. The women must now focus on their film and decide which story it will tell. >> MWELWA: Now we should talk and tell each other stories, things that have happened to you, your family, or your friends. From all of these stories, we will choose one story that will suit us best. >> LYRIEN: In grade three, I was only allowed to stay for half the year. Then I was told, "You will no longer be going to school. You always come back late from school and it doesn't leave enough time for you to work at home." >> WOMAN: I left the village and came to my sister's place here in Samfya. I've been trying to earn money by selling fish but it has not been easy. >> VOICEOVER: As the women share stories from their lives, one story emerges which strikes a chord with them all. >> JOSEPHINE [Student]: My friend was born into a very happy and rich family, whereby the parents were able to support her with everything she needs at school. Just as she reached grade five, her parents died of AIDS. >> VOICEOVER: The story of Josephine's friend Penelope brings up an issue familiar to every member of the group: the plight of young women orphaned by AIDS. But in a community where AIDS is rarely spoken about in public, no one knows if Penelope will be willing to talk about her experience, especially in front of a camera. Penelope is a student at a local high school. The group asks Mabel, the project coordinator, to try and find her. >> MABEL: So are you okay with being open and telling your story? >> PENELOPE [Student]: Let me tell my friends to look after my books. >> MABEL: You don't need to be afraid; you can be open with them. You can explain everything. Are you ready? >> PENELOPE: My name is Penelope. I was born into a rich family. My parents died a long time ago, when I was in grade five. When I joined this group, I explained everything that had happened to me. I came from a great family. My father was a miner. He became ill when I was eight years old, and then he died. One year passed, and then my mother died. Before she died, she explained that she too was going to die. She said, "Your father's death certificate says he died of AIDS, so I'm also going to die of AIDS." She died when I was ten. After my mom died, we didn't have a source of food, so my older sister started taking what was left in the house and exchanged it for food. After everything in the house was sold, she started sleeping with men who would provide us with food. After that, my sister also became sick and died. When my sister died, my aunty came to get us to go and live with her in a fishing camp. >> PENELOPE: My uncle would go fishing, and when he came back, we had to take the fish to the market. >> VOICEOVER: With Penelope now a member of the group, filming can soon begin. Their film will raise issues that affect them all. >> FRIEDA: Penelope's story is similar to mine because when she lost her father they grabbed all the property and left them with nothing. That's the same thing that happened to me. >> BRIDGET: I was seven years old when my father died. My father's family came and took everything. Everything. So when I heard what had happened to Penelope, I felt really bad, and I thought, "I'm not the only one this has happened to." >> ABIGAIL: I know that many of us here in this group have lost both parents to AIDS. Both my parents are gone. Victoria lost her parents; Josephine's lost her parents. Bridget lost her father and Exildah lost her parents too. >> MWELWA: The way I see it, it's not easy for Penelope to reveal how her parents died of AIDS. But our friend is courageous enough to stand in front of our group and is prepared to share her story. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: We asked you to think about somebody who is between twelve and thirteen years who looks like Penelope. Can you see their faces? Do they look alike? This is Cindy, and in their drama Cindy is going to act Penelope when Penelope was between twelve and thirteen. >> PENELOPE: So you will act the part when my parents died from AIDS. You take your bags and go live in the fishing camp. There you will catch fish with your aunt. So you will act these parts and I will follow up when I'm older. >> CINDY [Actress]: Now is this a true story? >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Yes, it's her story. I think you look enough alike. Thank you, that'll be great. >> VOICEOVER: The filming of Penelope's story begins, and they're heading to the fishing camp, home to some of the women from the group. Their camp is a perfect setting for a scene from Penelope's life. After her parents died she went to live with her aunt in a camp much like this one. >> MABEL: Hello, nice to see you again. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: How did you collect this, with your hands? >> PENELOPE: With my hands. You will start throwing them there. After finishing sweeping, she could be throwing them there. >> LYRIEN: Action! >> MABEL: Make sure you don't cut off her head. Point up, point up. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Because the person whose story is being told is around, we make sure that she checks because it is her story. She owns the story, so she checks to make sure that everything that is being said is authentic. >> PENELOPE: I've even explained to my brother that, well, he should look so sad to show that life has changed. You have moved into a community - to a fishing camp - so life has changed. So you have to show sadness. They have done very well, they have done very well. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: So you must tell them. You must say thanks. >> PENELOPE: Thank you, you've done great work. >> TITLE: Agnes >> AGNES: Today was really great because I took my first photograph. I was really happy that I could learn to zoom in and out, what to press, how to open the lens in front, and how to switch it on. That made me really happy. I asked them to show my husband what I had filmed, and they showed him, and he said, "Wow, did she do that?" And they told him, "Yes". He said, "She has learned," and I felt really good. Penelope's story is similar to mine. The death of her parents reminded me of when my dad died. I really wanted to go to school, but my mother was alone and couldn't send me. For Penelope as well, she didn't have support to go to school, so her story touched me. There are lots of problems here, like buying clothes and blankets for my children, and now one should be in school, but she can't and this hurts me. We had her registered and she wants to start school, but we can't afford a uniform. At school they don't take children unless they have a uniform. I wish all the children here could go to school. It would be good if they could work in offices. We won't have the chance, but they should. They should progress in life. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: So what do you do when the camera is not straight? You just undo that and you hold the camera. >> MAKUKA: Oh baby! She doesn't want her mommy off having fun. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Is that your baby? >> MAKUKA: Yeah, yeah. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: You go and feed him, feed her. Who wants to do camera? >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: People settle on different things. Some people will automatically say that, "I want to be on the camera." Somebody will say, "I want to be the sound person"; "I want to be the director." So they don't all go for one thing. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: When you think it's ready, you say, "Action," quite loud. >> MAKUKA: Action! >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Take control. >> ELIZABETH [Student]: No! >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Director, take control. Find out whether your sound is okay, your camera's okay. >> MAKUKA: Are we recording? >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Please go back. Then you ask your cameraperson to roll before you say "Action". >> MAKUKA: Oh, I thought it was just a try. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: No, no. We are going for a take now. >> MAKUKA: We are recording. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Okay, okay. So ask everybody to stand by. >> MAKUKA: Be on standby, please! Action! >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: I can see that they are progressing, and they are happy, and they are eager. They are using technology to tell their own story, and they're really happy about it. I'm very optimistic that at the end of the day they will have a very good story that they will be proud of. And we will also be proud of them. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Shout, "Cut!" >> MAKUKA: Cut! >> ELIZABETH: That's what we want! >> VOICEOVER: The next location is the Samfya market, a challenging place for filmmakers, especially for those with only a few days' experience. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: Directors, once the camera is recording, you people shouldn't be talking. When you go back and you play, you see that all your noise will be there. And when you are actually filming, you don't need that. So once she says, "Sound ready. Camera ready. The actor is ready" and you say, "Record. Action", all the crewmembers should stop talking. And the one controlling the crowd, if there's somebody making unnecessary noise, you go and drive those people away. >> VOICEOVER: After moving in with her aunt, Penelope had no choice but to leave school and sell fish in the market. But she would earn very little money. By this time, her situation had become desperate. >> PENELOPE: At the market, I would bump into my friends who were also orphans. They said, "You are wasting your time here at the market." I saw how well they looked and I thought I could join them. I thought maybe if I go into the same work as my friends it might help me. But my friends hadn't told me what work they were doing. That's when they showed me the house and said, "This is where you should come." I became a prostitute when I was 14 years old. What made me become a prostitute was hunger at home. I didn't want to be a prostitute, but the hardship had become extreme so I did what my friends were doing. The men didn't treat me very well. When I said, "Let's use a condom," they would be very difficult. They would say, "What makes you think you're so special?" When I saw that I wasn't earning enough money with the condoms I could have started doing it without using them, like my friends. Maybe now I would be sick, like my friends. Prostitution is a big problem here in Samfya because there are so many orphans. There's so much AIDS here, it's as if it was born here. When AIDS takes the parents then their children suffer, then they become prostitutes, and if they have children, it will just continue. When people see this film they will see the truth. This gives me the strength to continue with this work. Sometimes I want to stop because what I am acting is difficult, but then I think, "I'm not the only one that this has happened to." There are others who are going through the same situation. Let this film teach them. >> VOICEOVER: With help from Benjamin Chama, the headmaster of a local school, Penelope's ordeal came to an end. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: I've seen so many girls fall into this trap of trying to get money. They go into bars, they will stay in the bars with their friends, they will be abused so much, and they will end up maybe getting HIV/AIDS and it will result in death, most of the time. When I first met Penelope, she was in a group of friends. I think those friends did not really want to have anything to do with me because they knew I was headmaster of a school. But Penelope stopped, I could see that she was quite a polite child and maybe she had just gone wayward because of the influence of the friends. So I offered that she should come back into school, and I could see the radiance in her face. This is a child that was very, very happy! I have in the school, a school of about 1,700 pupils, about 500 orphaned children here. And most of these, you know, it's as a result of HIV and AIDS. As the school head, I have now become a counselor to these children, because I think they need to be given encouragement that they can continue, despite losing their parents. My greatest hope is that every child in this school will finish their education. That will be, I think, I will die a happy man. >> STUDENTS: [Singing] Stand and sing of Zambia, proud and free, land of work and joy in unity. Victors in the struggle for their rights. We've won freedom's fight. All one, strong and free. >> VOICEOVER: With only a few days left before they show their film to the people of Samfya, the women double their efforts to finish on time. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: It's really amazing - you see that in the first place, they are coming from different backgrounds. They don't know the people they are coming to work with. But once you bring them together, then there's a kind of unity, a kind of force among them. The women we bring together, they have to believe and trust that we can guide them to come out with a film at the end of the day. >> JOSEPHINE: Action! >> PENELOPE: How are you? >> MAN: What are you doing? Don't you know that prostitution can lead to HIV? >> CHRISTINE: Is this one your brother? >> PENELOPE: He's my brother. >> CHRISTINE: I want to tell you that there's nothing like that. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Okay, what was the sound like? >> FRIEDA: Nice. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Nice? Okay. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: And we have to believe that no matter where they are coming from, the skills that they are going to be given, they can use it to get their voices heard. >> BRIDGET: I've seen a big change in myself because before this group I didn't know how to find a story, or how to find out about other people's lives, how to ask questions. I've never had this kind of strength, but now that I've been in this group I can stand up and talk in front of people in English or in Bemba. I can talk and they can hear me. Now I can do it and I won't even be shaking. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: The VCT scene is a very, very important scene in the film because it will inform people of the urgency to be tested. >> VOICEOVER: Samfya has one the highest rates of HIV infection in all of Zambia, a country where one in six adults lives with the disease. Life expectancy here is under 40. The group has come to a local clinic to film the last major scene of Penelope?s story. She came here as a 16-year-old to be tested for HIV. >> PENELOPE: I was 16 years old when I realized that it is important for me to go for the test at the VCT Center. Because I know that through my background, I was a prostitute, and I realized that the men I was sleeping with, I couldn't tell just by looking at them. So, in order for me to be free in mind, I should go and have a test. >> DOMINIQUE CHADWICK: Okay. Action! >> NURSE: How are you? >> PENELOPE: I'm okay, how are you? >> NURSE: I'm fine, thank you. So, you've come for the test. There's one thing I want to find out from you. Have you ever been exposed to any risk factors? >> PENELOPE: Yes. >> NURSE: Was there protection or there was no protection? What I mean is, were you using a condom, or were you not using a condom, each time you used to have sexual intercourse? >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: People have gotten to know other people and they are becoming friends, becoming a family, so it's not that she's just acting, but we have feelings attached to it. And people are sharing her pains; people are sharing everything that she went through. Because she is reliving all that she went through, and that is not easy for her to have gone through that and now reliving it for the film to be made. >> NURSE: Okay. Your results are out. Are you ready for your results? >> PENELOPE: Yes. >> NURSE: Okay, here you are. I see that it says "one", that means it is HIV negative. >> PENELOPE: Yes. >> NURSE: So what do you understand about HIV -- >> MAN: There is an event this evening, at 7:00pm tonight, a film made by women from Samfya. For those of you who like joy and learning, at 7:00pm tonight, a film will be shown, made by women here in Samfya. The film is called, "I've Found My Way." >> VOICEOVER: On the day of the film's first showing, the women decide to get the word out on their own. >> PENELOPE: At 7:00pm there will be a film shown tonight. It tells the story of how orphans are mistreated and what our community can do about the problem. >> ABIGAIL: This film is made by the Samfya Women Filmmakers. We are teaching one another, and we're teaching our friends. >> MWELWA: We don't know how people will react after seeing our film, or how they will look at us as a group, and especially how they will respond to our friend whose story we are telling. >> WOMAN: If you have time, we hope you can come and watch it at the high school. >> VOICEOVER: With only a few hours before the screening of their film, Penelope returnS to the village where she lived with her parents, to the place where her family home once stood. >> PENELOPE: When my parents were alive my life was good. I'll never forget how close we were with my father's relatives, but when death came to my parents, my father's family changed. They came and took our beds so we had to sleep on the floor. We used to have a TV and a stereo, and although the house didn't have any electricity, those things made the house look good. The fact that they grabbed everything wasn't easy, but what could we do apart from accept what's been done? I would like my father's family who grabbed our property to see my story. This is my cousin. This is my auntie, the sister to my father. We are going to show a film about what happened to me at the high school at 7:00pm tonight. Will you be able to come and see it? >> WOMAN [Penelope's Aunt]: I can't come because I am too busy. The farmland your father left is a long way off and I don't have time. >> PENELOPE: I just pretend to be happy when I'm near them. If you could get inside my head when I sat with them, then you could have seen what I was thinking. The thought of them grabbing our property still haunts me. When I'm talking to them I can still picture them taking things from our house. That's what's stayed in my mind; I don't know how to get rid of it. >> VOICEOVER: At Penelope's request, their film's premiere will take place at a local school. It will be the first film ever produced in Samfya. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: It's really brave of her. Not everybody in this school knows Penelope's story. But today, after the screening, everybody will leave knowing that, "Oh, this is what she's gone through." >> ABIGAIL: When I think about how Penelope has shown us all her suffering, I want to urge people to give her the respect she wants and deserves. It has been difficult for her to tell her story. It is not easy to tell people what you've been through, but I'm hopeful that people will respect her for it. >> PENELOPE: I'm Penelope and I'm from Samfya in northern Zambia. My parents were very supportive and loving. But one day, my father died of AIDS and that's when my mother disclosed to us, me and my brother, that she is also going to die. It is so difficult to believe that your beloved one has died. Then, our auntie came and she offered to take me in her fishing community, but my aunt didn't have enough income to support me to school, so I had to start selling fish at the market. My friends, who are also orphans, they've engaged themselves in prostitution. When those friends came, they passed through the market and they started saying that, "We are making a lot of money". So I was eventually convinced to join them in prostitution. I was in prostitution for three months, but I wasn't a happy prostitute. My auntie wanted me to stop prostitution so she went to see the head teacher. So one day, I met him in town. He said that if I'm ready to stop prostitution, he could help me in school. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: I met your aunt yesterday. She came to see me at the office. She's very, you know, worried about you. Are you willing to come back to school, Penelope? >> PENELOPE: "I'm very much willing, sir. If that could happen, I could be the happiest person in the world!" Because I engaged myself in prostitution, I was worried that I might be infected with AIDS. So I decided to go to the VCT Center to be tested. >> NURSE: So what do you understand about HIV negative result? >> PENELOPE: In my body, you have not found the germ [virus] that causes AIDS. >> PENELOPE: So now I'm back at school. I'm now a changed person. It was because of poverty that I left school and engaged in prostitution. I'm now very happy because I have a future. My story needs to be told to show people how vulnerable orphans are, and nobody should take advantage of them. >> VOICEOVER: As the film draws to an end, the women sense an opportunity. Without prompting, they take to the stage one by one. >> FRIEDA: All the people who made the film are here, and you can start asking questions. >> WOMAN 1: From what I've heard, when you have HIV/AIDS your life is very short. Is it true? >> PENELOPE: Yes, this is true, but the problem is us young people are scared of the VCT Center. We think it's just for adults. But as the film showed, young people like us can go there too. >> WOMAN 2: This shows us that leaving the house and going into prostitution is a very bad thing. Prostitution involves some real dangers. You can get all kinds of sickness and it can end in death. >> ABIBATA MAHAMA: I don't think most of them will ever forget today. Most of them spoke so confidently, and it's all part of what the whole filmmaking and advocacy is all about. Build their confidence up so that their confidently talk about contributing to change attitudes. And I think it's really working. >> FRIEDA: We appreciate your comments; we'd like to hear more. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: That was very nice, you know, that film that we watched. I want to thank you for being very brave. Thank you for a job well done. Thank you. >> VOICEOVER: With the success of their premiere, other screenings soon follow across Samfya. >> PENELOPE: At the end, people were passing some comments and I was happy that the comments they were passing, they were good. They didn't know that in Samfya, there would be a group like this. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: The things you've seen do happen in our village, right? Especially to orphans, when property is grabbed from them. >> MAN: This film is very good. Next time, I would like even more information. >> PENELOPE: I'm proud because we want to make a difference. So even my fellow friends, they are proud. >> WOMAN: Stop making noise! We're really thankful for being shown this film. We never expected to see a film like this in Samfya and we really want to thank the people who made it. >> VOICEOVER: After their screenings in town, the women have one important audience left to face. They bring their film back to the people of the fishing camp, to the husbands and children of their fellow filmmakers. >> PENELOPE: Making a film about your life story is not easy, but if you really put your heart into it you can explain everything, because if you keep something to yourself it becomes a burden on your heart. But if you share it with people it becomes lighter. Because of our film, by telling my story, and showing the film to people, my heart has slowly, slowly started to open up. Because of this, I started forgiving my father's relatives. People say, you never forget, but I'm putting the past behind me. >> AGNES: I want to thank those people who picked us up. We never imagined that we would do what we have done, and for that we are on our knees. >> MAN 1: This group has been really good, and they've enlightened us. We've seen firsthand what happens when you leave a child and the child is suffering. I want to say thank you. You who have come to visit us have brought us happiness; you've left us with joy. >> MAN 2: Orphans like me used to shed tears when we saw other kids with their parents, seeing them happy together. This used to bring us misery thinking back to those times when we were with our parents who we've lost. I really want to thank this group, and I'm left speechless. And I ask this group, are we going to see you again? >> SIGN: Sweet After Sweat Shopping Center >> AGNES: This project has brought joy to us women in Samfya, especially us women in the Samfya Women Filmmakers. People in other areas who are not in this group are really envious, and they say they want to join us. Others came to us and said, "It's great what you're doing. You should make more films, you shouldn't stop." I'm hoping this group will continue. Just like a fire, when it's burning, it should keep on burning. >> TITLE: Abigail graduated from high school. She hopes to study business in Zambia's capital, Lusaka. Cindy is finishing primary school. She wants to be a lawyer one day. Frieda cares for three young relatives and her five-year-old daughter. She wants to be a teacher and hopes to begin training soon. Agnes has started her own small business selling vegetables. She is now in school taking literacy classes. Bridget cares for her sister's three young children and her own daughter. She has been elected secretary of the group and is studying social work. Penelope graduated from high school. She has started her own small business and hopes to start teacher training soon. >> TITLE: The Samfya Women Filmmakers went on to show their film to over 3,000 people across their community. The group is already at work on their next film, a documentary about child marriage. This project was made possible by The Campaign for Female Education. For more information about how you can help educate and empower girls and women in rural Africa, visit www.camfed.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-edge-of-joy Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, has the second-highest number of maternal deaths in the world. The Edge of Joy follows doctors, midwives, nurses, and public health educators as they fight maternal death on every front, from preemptive family planning education to expanded blood transfusion services. Mon, 24 Oct 2011 08:06:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-edge-of-joy Nigeria, West Africa, Maternal health, Health, Reproductive health, Pregnancy, Maternal death, Family planning, Blood transfusion, Islam >> TITLE: Hafliwa Maganin Mutuwa >> TITLE: "Birth is the medicine for death" - Hausa Proverb >> TITLE: Kano, Nigeria >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: At about 5:30am, my wife Aisha gave birth at home. I rushed to borrow a car from my friend and took her and the baby to the local hospital. >> AISHA AMIRU: Aisha was bleeding. I poured lots of water over her. But it didn't help, and the bleeding got worse. Honestly, when we brought her to the hospital, in her own words she kept saying she was going to die, she was going to die. >> TITLE: Brown Doggy Pictures, in association with Woodlawn Avenue Productions, present: The Edge of Joy. >> VOICEOVER: Nigeria is Africa's most populous country. Its 140 million citizens are divided almost equally between Muslims in the dry desert north and Christians in the lush south. Nigeria is a land of extremes. The West African country is blessed with some of the world's richest natural resources, and is best known as America's fifth largest oil supplier. But this isn't the story of oil. This is the untold story of more than 36,000 Nigerian women who die each year while trying to have babies. This is the second highest number of maternal deaths in the world. Battling this daily crisis are Nigerian families and healthcare professionals working on the frontlines of maternal health. >> TITLE: Kano, Northern Nigeria >> SIGN: Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital >> SIGN: Labor room >> DR. BELLO DIKKO [Chief of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital]: So you are welcome to the labor room of Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital. It's one of the busiest maternity centers you can find in all of West Africa. There is at least an average of 30 deliveries in 24 hours, normal deliveries. >> VOICEOER: Dr. Bello Dikko is head of obstetrics and gynecology at Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital in the northern Islamic state of Kano, one of the most difficult and dangerous regions in which to be a woman. >> SIGN: Dawn shall not fall twice on a woman in labor >> TITLE: Sakina Muhammed: mother of two, in labor with twins >> AISHA BUKAR [Nurse Midwife]: I was trying to explain to her that she should bear down because she is carrying a multiple pregnancy. >> VOICEOVER: Sakina delivered her first two children at home. More than half of Nigerian women give birth outside the hospital. During this pregnancy, Sakina heard radio messages about free maternity services for prenatal care and delivery, and told her husband Muhammed. >> MUHAMMED MAKA [Sakina's Husband]: My name is Muhammed Maka. At home there is the possibility of encountering problems, so going to the hospital has its advantages. >> AISHA BUKAR: We notice she's very weak, so we set up IV 5 percent dextrose for her. >> MUHAMMED MAKA: I brought my wife Sakina to the hospital on a Saturday, and she gave birth to twins on Sunday. The first twin was a girl. >> AISHA BUKAR: No contractions, nothing. So we add just a little pitocin for her in order to encourage her to start having the pains so that she can expel the [second] fetus. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Because of the associated complications, the second delivery should not exceed five to ten minutes. >> AISHA BUKAR: She was telling me that the presenting part of that patient, the second twin, is breach [feet first] presentation. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Breach delivery, especially in a multiple pregnancy, is a very complicated delivery. There is a need for a qualified OB/GYN doctor. >> AISHA BUKAR: We even called the doctor but he was not here. But if she is about to deliver we can take the delivery. We do it. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: The team on call -- we usually have four. Two of them must be on the ground, the doctor on duty and the first on call. So if these two are on the ground, they may likely be in the theater. So what will happen is they cannot unscrub. That is an emergency. This is an emergency. >> SIGN: Post-partum hemorrhage >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Hemorrhage in obstetrics is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. >> MUHAMMED MAKA: Sakina labored in pain before the second baby was born. It was close to an hour before the boy was born. He came forth having problems. >> AISHA BUKAR: He has very severe aesphesia. We need oxygen now and we don't have oxygen. I don't want the baby to die. I don't want her to miss that baby. That is why I try with all my effort to be able to help her or to help the baby too. We cannot leave him like this. He has to see a pediatric doctor. The [pediatric] unit is far. >> SIGN: Emergency Pediatric Unit >> MUHAMMED MAKA: My son needed medical attention, and we rushed into the emergency pediatric ward. >> VOICEOVER: While the second twin was being stabilized, Sakina's condition worsened. She was diagnosed with post-partum hemorrhage. >> FARIDA BABALLE [Head Nurse-Midwife, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital]: She lost a lot of blood. She's a bit anemic. She has to receive a blood transfusion. They gave her this bio-plasma, about two liters, and then they gave her normal saline. I think with that, it can take her up to six hours. One of our main problems here is how to get blood. The husband has to go and donate. Before, we normally asked the Red Cross, they mobilized people to come and donate blood to the hospital. But now, due to HIV, we stopped. They have to go and check the blood group of the husband. Then they compare it to see if it's the same as hers. If it's not the same blood group -- >> MAN: "A" positive. Not the same. >> FARIDA BABALLE: -- the husband must buy the blood. So all these things take time, and delay, and it causes the death of the woman. That is the largest cause of death of the women here. >> VOICEOVER: Muhammed's search for Sakina's rare blood type took him to surrounding hospitals and private blood suppliers. One pint of blood costs 10,000 Naira, or USD$68. The average Nigerian makes about USD$94 a month. >> TITLE: Three hours later >> SIGN: Blood bag >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: It is really disheartening to see a patient dying from a preventable cause. As far as I'm concerned, hemorrhage is a preventable cause. >> SIGN: Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital >> VOICEOVER: Sakina received a blood transfusion in time to save her life. >> TITLE: Two days later >> TITLE: Sakina and Muhammed's second twin >> TITLE: Fatima, Sakina's mother >> WOMAN: I don't think the baby is alive. I don't think. >> MUHAMMED MAKA: We have a teaching in the religion of Islam that states, "What Allah gives, belongs to him. And what he takes also belongs to him." All of us are from Allah, and at some point, sooner or later, we shall all return to Allah. Even though we know it hurts, we can only accept its outcome. >> WOMAN: Now on examination there is color, she is pink, not dehydrated. Then the BP is 100/70 so at least it's okay. >> VOICEOVER: After eight days in the hospital, Sakina and her surviving twin daughter went home. >> TITLE: Oyo, Southern Nigeria >> SIGN: College of Medicine, University of Ibadan >> VOICEOVER: Professor Oladosu Ojengbede is Director of the Center for Population and Reproductive Health. He is one of the continent's premier women's health physicians. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE [Center for Population and Reproductive Health]: One of the reasons I got into medicine was that obstetrics was a very practical subject. There's a problem, you see it, you solve it, you're happy, the family's happy, everybody's happy. I lost my mom when I was very young. I was only three years old. I saw there were very grave challenges you face when you don't have a mom. >> TITLE: Professor Oladosu a. Ojengbede, Center for Population and Reproductive Health, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Most of our women live in rural areas. And so most of the births take place outside big cities. And if most births take place in rural areas, then that is where we must work. When I'm down in some villages and you think, "Could this be happening to human beings?" You become very emotional. And you feel like shedding tears. >> SIGN: Akinyele Local Government, Maternity Center, Mele >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: But then you quickly remember that, look, this is something that needs to be resolved. And you are one of those who have made up their mind to resolve it. >> VOICEOVER: Professor Ojengbede is pioneering low tech and affordable health solutions. He says these innovative tools are essential to keep women from dying of preventable causes. >> WOMAN: So this is the garment we have brought that helps to save women's lives. >> VOICEOVER: One of the most effective life-saving solutions is the anti-shock garment. This full-body suit, first conceived of by NASA, is being adapted for hemorrhaging women. The professor and an international team of colleagues have proven this suit can be used to treat shock by shunting blood from the extremities and back to vital organs. Bleeding to death is the number one killer of pregnant women, including those who live in this remote village of Mele. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: In a remote area like Mele, to get immediate access to superior care may be a challenge. Mele actually in full means, "Mele-mu-cu," which means, "I will not choose death." I love the name of this village, because what we're here for is to prevent death and promote life. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Hello! How are you and the baby? Is the baby sleeping? >> RACHEL OLATUNJI [Pregnant with fifth child]: Yes, the baby is sleeping. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: We saw a couple. The wife is currently pregnant, and she had a two-year-old baby on her back, with scabies infections on the head and arm. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: What is his name? >> RACHEL OLATUNJI: Matthew. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Matthew! This is scabies. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: This woman says she has five kids, and indeed the current pregnancy was really not planned for. And the question was, if it was not planned for, how come they couldn't prevent it? >> TITLE: Olurim Olatunji, Rachel's Husband >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: According to the gentleman, he said, "Well, I'd rather stay with my wife than go out to find another wife for sexual responsibility." It is global knowledge that the higher the number of births beyond five, the risk increases, but even doubles from five or more. And the closer the pregnancies are, shorter than two years between birth and the beginning of another pregnancy, the higher the risk. Not just for the woman, but also for the born baby and the previous births, because they are all related. >> RACHEL OLATUNJI: I have tried on my own to prevent pregnancy, but it is to no avail. Unfortunately, I wind up with unplanned pregnancies. >> VOICEOVER: Rachel, like most Nigerian women, has five children. For Rachel, like most, at least one of those pregnancies is unplanned. >> RACHEL OLATUNJI: I am very fertile. I tried to abort a pregnancy on my own with local herbs. I started having severe diarrhea, and I lost a lot of weight. I almost died. After a while, it became evident that I was still pregnant, so I started prenatal care and I accepted my fate. >> TITLE: Sunday morning church service >> ELIZABETH ADESINA [Community Birth Attendant]: When we speak of family planning, the husbands think this is a secret way of encouraging their wives to be unfaithful and start sleeping around. But if the emphasis is on preserving their wives' lives and the care of their children, they will understand. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: The men in this village are eager to improve the reproductive life of their families. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: What do we do -- what do we know so that we can make love to our wives but not have pregnancy occur? First, you can use tablets. If you use condoms all the time, they are very effective. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: We are seeking a dialogue with the men today, to have an in-depth introduction in contraception, how it impacts on health, how it impacts on the family, on income, on development. >> MAN: If a person can calculate the days very well, can there be a mistake between this time and this time for ovulation to take place? >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Well, we didn't create this place where the egg comes from, and though there's a time range, it can vary. That is why it is better not to take the risk at all. So if you're waiting for that time, and you really want to make love to your wife, what are you going to do? There's nothing you can do to satisfy the need so that a man cannot wait! And if the wife says at that very moment, "Wait, you said we shouldn't get pregnant," the man can't think right! We should not guess. We should have a decisive method. >> VOICEOVER: Every Thursday morning in Mele, preacher and community birth attendant Elizabeth Adesina opens her prenatal class with a prayer. >> TITLE: Elizabeth Adesina, Community Birth Attendant >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: Faith-based practices probably see more patients in this country than the public sector facilities, simply because they provide the services within the context of understanding the values and the norms of the community they are serving. >> ELIZABETH ADESINA: Glory be to your name that she will not suffer. We will always praise your name, Father, in Jesus' name, amen. >> TITLE: Kano, Northern Nigeria >> FARIDA BABALLE: I started practicing midwifery in 1986, almost twenty-something years as a midwife. I was posted here October 2007. I was on leave at that time. When I came down there, they said they are taking me to the labor room. I said, "I don't want labor room now. All my years of service, my experience, has finished in the labor room, so please can you change me now so that I can have another area." They said no. They wanted me to be here. "We need something from you to come out and implement it here for us." I said, "It's okay." That is how God willed for me to help my fellow women. So when I came back, I sat down and said, "Oh," I asked them, "What are your statistics?" So I took three years of the register. I picked three things. What is the problem there, in the ward? And I write what my observation is there. So from that, we'll do our own assessment. This will tell us if it's the problem of the midwife, the problem of the doctors, or the problem of the community. >> FARIDA BABALLE: You see, January of last year we had eleven maternal deaths. So you know there is a problem here. >> VOICEOVER: Women die in the north because their culture often forbids them from travelling without a male escort, even when they're bleeding to death. Aisha Ibrahim, who gave birth to her eighth child at home, is one of them. In fact, knowing this precept, her husband Kabiru stayed with her. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM [Aisha's Husband]: My wife Aisha bled too much with her last two deliveries. So I made sure during this delivery I would stay close by to support her. >> VOICEOVER: But in the midst of the crisis, his car broke down, and he left to repair it. Stranded and hemorrhaging blood, Aisha had to wait for her father-in-law's permission to take a taxi to Farida's hospital with another male relative. >> AISHA AMIRU [Aisha Ibrahim's Sister-in-law]: I was there. They said she had lost so much blood. There was no more blood, that her blood was all gone. Honestly, when we brought her to the hospital, in her own words she kept saying she was going to die, she was going to die. >> NURSE: We checked her BP [blood pressure]. The BP is 70/query [too low to measure]. Some patients even die with that. >> FARIDA BABALLE: They just come at their dying minutes. They set a drip-normal saline and isoplasma for her. Then we applied the anti-shock garment. Then once you put it on, within a short time, when you check the vital signs, you find there is BP, there is pulse. The woman is coming back. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: The anti-shock garment is just a way of buying time before you can procure blood for the transfusion of this woman. >> FARIDA BABALLE: The time that we didn't have this anti-shock garment, the woman will just go, will just die, because there is nothing we can do to help her. The only thing we can do is just to elevate the foot off the bed. Apart from that, there is nothing we can do. >> VOICEOVER: Aisha's husband, Kabiru Ibrahim, is a taxi driver in Kano and a father of thirteen. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: When I arrived here at Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, they told me about the garment they applied to control the bleeding. Then they told me she was in need of blood. >> NURSE 1: The blood is her immediate need. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: My brother and I searched all around for her blood type. But there was none available. My calmness was rattled, of course. I was thinking, before I'm able to find the blood, I would return to find her dead. I was grateful to Allah that I had the means to purchase the blood, but it was nowhere to be found. >> NURSE 1: The minute she came, we took her blood sample for relations to go look for her blood. But still yet you can see, how many hours ago? No blood yet. >> VOICEOVER: After searching for five hours, Kabiru found two pints of Aisha's blood type. >> NURSE 2: Blood pressure is 120/80 -- it's normal. >> HALIMA BEN UMAR [PATHS2]: She was telling me how this was the worst, she suffered the most out of all the seven she had. Then I said, "Have you thought about family planning, I mean child spacing?" Then she said, "Yeah...ah, uh huh. Is it something you can do?" She said her husband would not allow her to stop giving birth. I said, "No, I'm not saying stop, I'm just saying space." Islamically, it is wrong for you to say you want to have two children, you want to have four, but Islamically you can space. >> FARIDA BABALLE: The reason why most of our people don't believe in this family planning is because sometimes they misquote religion. They say God has said, "Deliver us many and they multiply the world." >> HALIMA BEN UMAR: Sometimes I felt maybe should I talk about family planning? But I know I spaced my children. If I hadn't, I would probably have had fifteen. That would have been disastrous. >> FARIDA BABALLE: I hope a lot of things that happen will change. >> HALIMA BEN UMAR: The change is coming gradually. But I think we need to move a little faster than the rate we are moving. Islam moves with civilization. >> FARIDA BABALLE: Yes, this is what I think. >> VOICEOVER: Kano is one of the twelve northern states in Nigeria governed by Islamic law, or Sharia. Daily life in this ancient city revolves around Islamic culture. Improving reproductive health requires a delicate interplay between Islam and modern medicine. >> SIGN: Allah is the greatest >> HALIMA BEN UMAR: In this part of the country, you need to work with the religious leaders. If you want to achieve your objectives, your aims, then you need to look at, what does Islam say? How do you do it so that it becomes more acceptable? For me, I have always been an advocate of family planning. People see it as a western idea; people see it as the west trying to impose their ideas on us, so it becomes a little bit difficult. >> SAKINA MAKA: Assalamu Alaykum >> FARIDA BABALLE: Wa Alaykum Assalam. How is your day? >> SAKINA MAKA: I'm well, and how is your day? >> TITLE: Sakina and twin daughter, four months after delivery >> FARIDA BABALLE: So, what we do here is family planning birth control. Do you know what that means? >> SAKINA MAKA: It's like having control between deliveries. For example, two and a half years before having another baby. >> FARIDA BABALLE: Within those two years, your husband will save up some money. You see? If you have a baby and then, in a year, another and another every year, he wouldn't save any money, and then you're not in good health and the baby will not be healthy. That's why we use family planning. >> FARIDA BABALLE: Now there's a lot of awareness of family planning for our people. Our women are coming on their own. They don't wait for their husbands. They decide on their own health, instead of waiting for their husbands to decide on their health. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: Aisha stayed in the hospital for sixteen days until she regained her health. Then she was discharged and we went back home. That's what happened. >> VOICEOVER: Kabiru's first wife died giving birth to their seventh child, and he has never used birth control until now. He attributes this behavior change to a deeper understanding of safe motherhood in the Islamic community. >> KABIRU IBRAHIM: Before this delivery I didn't agree with the idea of a woman taking a break, because rest comes from Allah. If Allah does not grant a break, you will surely give birth. The Muslim religion allows that she take a break to save her life, because she might lose her life in the process. That is why I agreed. >> AISHA IBRAHIM: Trial birth causes all sorts of mishaps and problems. It brings all kinds of thoughts to mind, like either you retain your life or you lose it. >> PROFESSOR OLADOSU A. OJENGBEDE: You can say, women's rights should be well protected, but the truth is, for now, we have not put in place all the structures that protect women's rights completely in developing countries. And that's what we must put into context when we're fashioning out programs and projects that would serve women. We need to find the appropriate way and culturally acceptable way of circumventing the obstructions. That challenges are enormous, and sometimes they're depressing. The frustrations are everywhere, but the resolve is stronger than the frustrations. >> TITLE: Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Welcome to Habibu Sadouki Blood Transfusion Center, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital. What you have is a blood bank fridge, which has the capacity of keeping about 300 units of blood. It will be tested, filtered, stored, and the ones that will be needed in the maternity will immediately go to maternity. >> MAN: My message to you all is: please help keep our women alive. >> VOICEOVER: Frustrated by the lack of blood supply for maternity patients, Dr. Dikko successfully lobbied health officials for a separate maternity blood bank. Since opening in February 2009, waiting times for maternity ward patients in need of blood has been reduced by 75 percent. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: If you go inside the blood bank now, the two fridges that you saw the other time are almost packed full. >> FARIDA BABALLE: A lot has changed. It reduces the delay in having the blood. The midwives draw the blood, they send the blood, and then it quickly saves the lives of the patients. You can see the results in our reduction of maternal mortality. There are very few deaths now. It's very low. >> VOICEOVER: The maternity blood bank began collecting blood donations one week after Sakina gave birth to her twins. >> DR. BELLO DIKKO: Each and every one of us, whether a man or a woman, came out of a woman. As long as there is one maternal death, it's a family mortality. Not an ordinary mortality. If you can reduce maternal mortality in Kano State, then definitely the denominator in the issue of maternal mortality in the whole country will definitely reduce. And if it reduces, then it will be my greatest achievement, and I can even resign and go home. >> TITLE: Dr. Bellow Dikko is part of a landmark effort to train religious leaders about reproductive health. He advocates for the right of pregnant women to travel without male escorts, and free maternity services. Farida Baballe's observational study showed maternal deaths have been nearly cut in half, from 196 in 2008 to 102 in 2009. Professor Ojengbede and international colleagues, led by Professor Suellen Miller at UC San Francisco, have tested the anti-shock garment on more than 3,000 women in Nigeria, Egypt, and Mexico. They found that women who received the anti-shock garment lost 50 percent less blood and have 64 percent fewer deaths. Pathfinder International, a non-profit organization, has trained more than 4,000 Nigerian health care providers to prevent, treat, and diagnose post-partum hemorrhage. Pathfinder has distributed 456 anti-shock garments and is collaborating with federal and state governments to scale up the project. While documenting these stories, the filmmakers worked in unison with families and healthcare workers to accurately portray pregnancy and childbirth. Several times we affected outcomes by contributing resources for transportation, cell phones, and pharmaceuticals. In the case of Sakina Maka, her husband Mohammed, an Arabic teacher, was unable to procure funding for blood after hours of searching. We gave Mohammed the 10,000 Naira needed to buy the blood. >> VOICEOVER: What do you want to be when you grow up? >> GIRL 1: I want to be a doctor. >> GIRL 2: I want to be a doctor. >> GIRL 3: A nurse. >> TITLE: Brown Doggy Pictures, in association with Woodlawn Avenue Productions: The Edge of Joy. Director and Producer: Dawn Sinclair Shapiro. Narrator: Eliza Griswold. Executive Producer: Tod Lending. Editors: Michael S. O'Brien, Melissa Sterne. Director of Photography: Nicola B. Marsh. >> TITLE: [End credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/with-my-own-two-wheels As a tool for development, a simple bicycle can mean transportation, employment, even access to education and healthcare. With My Own Two Wheels weaves together the experiences of five individuals into a single story about how the bicycle can change the world, one pedal stroke at a time. Mon, 17 Oct 2011 15:00:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/with-my-own-two-wheels Bicycle, Economic development, India, Ghana, Koforidua, World Bicycle Relief, Zambia, Disability, Health, Environment >> TITLE: Look for solutions, not problems. - Dan Eldon >> TITLE: Hubub Films Presents >> TITLE: With My Own Two Wheels >> TITLE: 5:30 AM, Chapola, Zambia >> FRED HANYINDE: My name is Fred Hanyinde. I was born here in Chapola in 1975. I am 35 years old. I got married in 1997. My wife's name is Emelda Chulu. She was born in 1983. We have four children. >> FRED HANYINDE: I am a farmer. The soil here is fertile. I grow many types of crops. I grow potatoes, corn, sunflowers, cotton, groundnuts, and peas. I also have a garden where I grow vegetables like tomatoes and cabbage. The most important things in my life are going to church, then being a caregiver, then football! These are things I love. >> TITLE: Zambia is roughly the size of Texas. It has an estimated population of 12 million. 1.1 million are infected with HIV/AIDS. Many of these HIV/AIDS patients live far from the nearest clinic. Their only regular care comes from volunteer caregivers, like Fred. >> FRED HANYINDE: I decided to become a community health caregiver because of my brother, who suffered from HIV/AIDS. The issue was very close to my heart. The Bible says that, "Whatsoever you do to the least of my brothers, so you do unto Me." As a caregiver, my job is to visit and take care of the sick. The main problem with our clients around here is how they are kept in their homes. They are stigmatized. Most of them say, "The people around here don't want me." Their families tell them, "We are not the ones who gave you that disease. That is of your own doing." Sometimes families give patients their own plates, because the family is afraid that they will be infected as well. Because of this, patients are normally happy when we caregivers come along. We shake hands and do all sorts of things together. They become very free with us, and they tell us problems that they wouldn't tell their own families. >> TITLE: 7:15 AM, Koforidua, Ghana >> MIRRIAM ODURO: My name is Mirriam Oduro. I am 27 years old. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: She wants to explore. She is something like -- she is adventurous. Sometimes, when she wants to do something, I will even try to discourage her. But, she will have the courage to pursue. >> TITLE: In Ghana, people with disabilities are often stigmatized. Many find it difficult to fit in, let alone find a job. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: I was a kid, and I had a dream that a dog bit me. Then my mom told me that I started shouting, "A dog has bitten my leg there." The next day, I couldn't even stand on my feet. I was paralyzed. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: I found it very difficult to get even school for her. Because at the normal -- or at the regular school -- they didn't want to mingle up with people with crutches. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: When I was a kid, I found life difficult. At that time, I didn't want to come out. I didn't want many people [around]. I didn't want people to see me walking. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: Some people, when they see them, they admire them, they have sympathy for them. But some people too, when they see them, they just shun them. >> TITLE: 8:00 AM, Sone Sangvi, India >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: My name is Bharati Phakad Date. I am 14 years old. I live in Sone Sangvi. My favorite actor is Mithun Chakraborthy because he always plays a humanitarian, someone who helps other people. There are a lot of people who live on the streets. I will help them. There are so many people in this world who do not even get one meal a day. I will help them. >> TITLE: In India, 81 percent of girls attend primary school. Only 49 percent of girls attend high school. 46.4 percent of women are illiterate. Many women in Bharati's mother's generation were married by the time they were Bharati's age. >> TITLE: Bharati's Mother, Bharati's Father >> BHARATI'S MOTHER: My life, my generation, was full of darkness. If you are uneducated, then it is as if you only have one eye. >> TITLE: In 1998, Armene Modi founded Ashta No Kai to empower women in Bharati's community. >> ARMENE MODI [Founder, Ashta No Kai]: For about a couple of years, we only focused on adult women and literacy for them. And I noticed that many of the girls who came to the class were very, very young girls, with a mangalsutra, which is a gold and black beaded necklace that they wear around their necks, which in India is a symbol of matrimony. And they had babies on their hips, and I started to ask, "What's going on, and why are such young girls married off already?" And there's a famous Indian saying, "Why water a plant that is going to grow in a neighbor's garden?" >> TITLE: 9:00 AM, San Andres Itzapa, Guatemala >> CARLOS MACHIN: My name is Carlos Enrique Marroquin Machin. I am a native of San Andres Itzapa. I am 41 years old. My farm is three kilometers from here. We call it El Chibul, because it is much higher up than the town. Now, in the month of September, we grow beans, ejoteros, that is, green [unripe] beans to sell to the market. I also just planted huicoy, carrots, lettuce, corn, piligua. Also radishes and beets. We grow it all. They say I have the hand of God, because I have five children. My eldest daughter is 18 years old, Carlos is 17, Antonio is 14, Jenny and Carolinia are 11, and Christian is almost six. >> TITLE: Guatemala is still recovering from a long and brutal civil war. >> CARLOS MACHIN: When the armed conflict started, I was a child. I had a very painful experience. I was tortured, because I was accused of hanging out with the paramilitaries. After that, after growing up, I did not have the chance to have a childhood as my children do now. It was lost. >> TITLE: The civil war wreaked havoc on the indigenous Maya community. In the rush to rebuild, the residents of San Andres have paid a steep price. The air quality in the region is now so bad that many farmers can no longer work in their fields after 9 AM. Some, like Carlos, are looking for a new way forward. >> TITLE: 10:00 AM, Chapola, Zambia >> FRED HANYINDE: I used to walk. Whether the patient was near or far, I used to walk. Rain or shine, I used to walk. I asked the caregiver program for a bicycle, but they never gave me one. They said, "You are only using it for useless programs." But we needed to help sick people in the community, so we used to walk. >> TITLE: Caregivers like Fred often walk 15 to 20 kilometers to visit a patient. They must visit these patients two to three times every week. In 2005, World Bicycle Relief partnered with Rapids, one of the largest caregiver programs in Zambia. Their goal: To increase the effectiveness of caregivers by giving them bicycles. >> JOHAN BRUYNEEL [Board Member, World Bicycle Relief]: What I find so particular about it is that it's so simple. It's measurable, something that we take for granted, and that in other areas of the world is something that changes lives. One bike, it is 134 dollars per bike. And I know that that bike is going to go somewhere and it's going to change the life of not only one person, but probably of a whole family. >> TITLE: Fred is one of 19,000 caregivers who now make their rounds by bicycle. >> FRED HANYINDE: The bicycle helps me reach patients in good time. For example, if I go by bicycle to visit a patient at 7:00 AM, I can reach the patient early and come back early. The bicycle makes visiting patients easier. Now I can visit a patient as late as 4:00 PM and still make it home by sunset. >> TITLE: 12:00 PM, Sone Sangvi, India >> ARMENE MODI: In many villages, there were only schools until seventh grade. There were no high schools. So we worked in ten villages at that point of time, and there were only three high schools. So then I asked the parents, the mothers, "Well, what happens to the boys, how do you send the boys to school?" And they said, "Well, we give them bicycles." And I said, "Well, what about the girls," and they said, "Oh no, it's a waste of money to give a bicycle to a girl, she's going to turn around and get married. So I thought, my god, if it's only a bicycle that's keeping girls from going to school, let's go ahead and give it to them. >> TITLE: Thanks to Ashta No Kai's Bicycle Bank program, Bharati and her friends are now able to get to high school by bicycle. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: I am going to Nimgaon Bhogi High School. I am learning in the ninth standard [grade]. I like mathematics because I like solving mathematical puzzles. The bike has been really useful. Now, the time that I save commuting to school can be used to study. Also, now I can ride to school with my friends. It is a lot of fun. >> BHARATI'S MOTHER: She now feels very motivated and enthusiastic to attend school. I have to make sure that my daughters get a good education. It is our duty. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: I want to become a district supervisor, because then I can make big decisions, and also have the power to implement them. I would be able to make decisions regarding the welfare of the poor and downtrodden. I would be able to help transform society. I want to eradicate poverty from this country. >> TITLE: 2:00 PM, Koforidua, Ghana >> MIRRIAM ODURO: This is my bench, yes. I have all the tools that I need at my bench. >> TITLE: Mirriam is now a mechanic at Ability Bikes, a bicycle shop cooperative established by Boston-based Bikes Not Bombs and staffed entirely by disabled Ghanaians. >> DAVID BRANIGAN [International Programs Director, Bikes Not Bombs]: The first day, there was one young woman named Mirriam Oduro. They came up to me and said, "David, I want to be a part of this project." And I said, "Okay, that's great, you want to learn how to fix bikes." And she said, "Yes. David, I'm serious. I want to learn how to fix bikes." >> MIRRIAM ODURO: That day, they [the other mechanics] were laughing at me because I bent my [wheel]. So, when David taught me and I started doing it, I finished mine, and David came and checked it. He said, "Oh wow, you have done well!" They are sitting there [saying], "Mirriam, can you help me with my rim?" I said, "You are sitting there laughing at me. You want me to help you? I won't do that!" Then David told me, "Mirriam, you can help them." So I helped them. >> MIRRIAM'S FATHER: She is always adventurous. She wants to go beyond what everyone expects of her. She doesn't seem to be handicapped. She doesn't seem to be worried about her problem at all. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: It's a pretty amazing thing to have this aggressive male come with his bike and say, "Hey, my bike needs to be repaired. My wheel is going like this," right? And then everyone looks at him and they say, "Okay, we'll fix it for you." And then they take the wheel off and give it to Mirriam. And the guy's expression is like, "What? This woman, this disabled woman is going to true my wheel?" And what ends up happening is that she trues his wheel for him. And sometimes there are men sitting there, just watching, as Mirriam is repairing their wheel, something that they can't do themselves, and there's this female, physically disabled, mechanic fixing their wheel for this person. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: I know that her life is changed by it. I know that she now sees herself in the world as an influential person. She sees herself as having skills that other people don't have, that are valuable to her community, and even to the world. She sees herself as now representing other physically disabled people who were in her position before, without work, and in a position now to advocate for them, and for recognition of the enormous amount of unemployed disabled people in Ghana. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: She is a woman working in a field that is generally dominated by men. So she's even expanding the boundaries of women, and other women who are able-bodied look up to her as an example of how women can be in the world. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: It makes me happy. It helps me to achieve something. And I feel proud. My name is Mirriam Oduro. I am a mechanic. >> TITLE: 4:00 PM, San Andres Itzapa, Guatemala >> TITLE: In 1997, Carlos helped start Maya Pedal, an organization dedicated to creating environmentally friendly tools to empower rural Mayans. Their invention: the bicimaquina. >> CARLOS MACHIN: First of all, the bicimaquina is all recycled. We start from the bicycle. The bicycle is the fundamental part. To this we attach the old machines that used to be powered by other sources, like gasoline. With the bicimaquina we try to join together elements that have been discarded [bicycles] with elements that used to pollute. >> CARLOS MACHIN: First, the bicimaquina does not pollute the environment. Second, it fills the gap between the artisanal and the industrial. It is a middle ground, because it is going to allow the user to complete tasks faster. Third, it helps the economy quite a bit, because it reduces expenditures on fuel and energy. It helps to minimize the costs of both running and maintaining the machine. It is simple. >> TITLE: The community of Cruz Nueva has two bicimaquinas: a bicimolino (corn grinder) and a bicipulpar (coffee depulper). >> WOMAN 1: Oh God! It used to be a lot of work. We only ground at night, and could only grind a little at a time using our old tools. This is what we used before. But now that we have the bicimaquina, we don't use that one anymore. Now it is different. Yes, it has helped us a lot. With it I can strip corn very quickly to make my tamales. I can now grind my corn very quickly. Now grinding corn is a communal activity. The bicimaquina helps all of us. >> CARLOS MACHIN: It also helps the family to learn to use the resources that are at their disposal, that surround them. It helps them learn how to do things in new ways that don't pollute. They learn how to do things in a better way. >> MAN 1: We export coffee to the United States and, in another year, maybe Japan. The bicimaquina has helped facilitate this. Those two bicimaquinas help us to use less diesel or gasoline or electricity. It is a little better, no? Really, there's a lot of pollution. Those two help us pollute less. >> CARLOS MACHIN: For someone who hasn't seen a bicimaquina, the concept is impressive because they are astounded by what it can do. If someone has a heart attack, we are going to try to revive him or her. That is what we are trying to do with these bicycles. >> TITLE: 5:30 PM >> TITLE: 8:00 AM, Santa Barbara, CA, United States >> TITLE: Sharkey Esquives >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: You feel the fresh air. You can feel how fast you are going. You feel like you're going a hundred, you're going, like, only ten, fifteen! You can feel all that wind coming to your face; you're feeling all fresh and everything. It feels good, better than a car. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: It all depends, the day and the mood. If I feel like riding my bike somewhere far, with my headphones, I go to my racing bike. It has blue tires, blue frame with some chrome on it. With the beach cruiser, if I feel like riding with my friends, with my homies, anywhere, I take my beach cruiser or my mountain bike, whichever one comes in handy. >> TITLE: Sharkey is a volunteer bike mechanic at Bici Centro, a community-run bike shop that sells refurbished bicycles and teaches patrons how to repair their own bicycles. >> ED FRANCE [Director, Bici Centro]: You have recreational road riders, who can generally afford bikes up to two, three thousand dollars, more. You have recreational mountain bikers, same deal, and those folks will tend to replace bikes every few years, even. You have the die-hard enviro bike commuters, but that group is not just the classic image we have of a bicycle commuter, the white, well-educated cyclist who's decided to simplify their life and to live environmentally, and thus they're going to bike. In Santa Barbara, at least half of that five percent of people getting around by bike are working-class folks who rely on that bike, probably not necessarily out of choice, because people ride whatever they can, you know? And again, that's half of our active bike commuting population. And so, our feeling at Bici Centro, as the group of founders, was that that group wasn't being served. >> ED FRANCE: I feel a lot of sympathy for people in Shark's position, because out of high school, the possibilities are really bleak. What do you do? Continue hanging out with the gang? He probably has some hard job prospects. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: It has kept me from the streets, from kicking it with my homies, kicking it with everyone, not knowing. Getting busted, getting locked up every time. Bici Centro has helped me in stopping it. I could be here, I could come here, and it?s kind of like a job. Come here, throw all my stress in here, and go home and just chill, and just pass out. It?s like a regular day, doing a regular job like a regular person. I've always been proud of working in here. Been helping a lot of people from different spots, people from a different world, different states, different age. You get the smallest kid to the biggest, oldest, like, "O.G." -- old man -- whatever! You could get anyone in here who doesn?t know anything about bikes, we teach them. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: My life has changed plenty. A lot of people know me better from working at Bici Centro. They'll be like, "Aren?t you that person who helped me fix up my bike?" I?m like, "Yes, I'm the one who fixed it." They'll be telling me, "Thanks for fixing it, it's running good." My name is Sharkey, I'm from Santa Barbara. I'm from Bici Centro, I'm a volunteer, and I?m 21 years old. >> ED FRANCE: This is just the same story over and over: people with enormous potential that are overlooked throughout the world. But we need our solutions that are intermediate. We have all these overpowering solutions. We want to have electricity! Well, we'll just dig up that mountain and we'll just make electricity, and we'll just run railroad cars and trucks. All we do is overpower things or neglect things. >> CARLOS MACHIN: We as human beings need to take care of the world, not the world take care of us. Because we have been given wisdom, understanding, and all this. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: The majority of trips that people need to take in their lives -- if you're in Guatemala, or Ghana, or in Boston -- are bikeable. >> JOHAN BRUYNEEL: If we have a problem with transportation, we wake up in the morning, we look at the sky, and we say, if it's cloudy, do we go by car, or do we take the bike? The transportation story or transportation problem in Africa is totally different. They don't have the choice. They either have to walk-- kids have to walk two to three hours to school and from school, or caregivers have to walk all day long, in the best circumstances they can see maybe two or three patients. It's a completely different view on what a bike can do. We don't see the use of a bike other than, we have the choice. >> ARMENE MODI: Having a bicycle and being able to access education can have such a huge impact on aspiration levels, on educational levels, on quality of life. >> DAVID BRANIGAN: That bicycle is increasing their mobility. It's increasing their ability to go places. It's broadening their scope of their life, of what resources they can access. >> JOHAN BRUYNEEL: Bikes have been part of my life, naturally, for always, and I've never thought about not having a bike. What a bike can do, to me, just made too much sense, and I couldn't afford myself to say, "I'm not part of this." >> ED FRANCE: It is a comprehensive development tool. Development that happens for an entire country starts with one person. And if every single person in that country begins to become empowered, and begins to have access to resources, the entire country's going to develop. >> CARLOS MACHIN: We know that we don't have to speak for the machine. The machine speaks for itself. >> FRED HANYINDE: You can go and see a patient and still make it home. The bike makes the work of a caregiver lighter. >> SHARKEY ESQUIVES: You fix that one up; he's going to tell his friend. His friend is going tell another friend. >> MIRRIAM ODURO: It gives you mobility to do something. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: I was very happy when I got the bicycle. I felt really good riding my bike. >> CARLOS MACHIN: The machine speaks for itself. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-kemricdc-project A new home-based HIV testing and counseling program in Kibera is neutralizing the social stigma of being seen going into a clinic to be tested. The program builds on the idea that people will be more comfortable getting tested and receiving information about HIV/AIDS in the privacy of their homes. Mon, 29 Aug 2011 09:57:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-kemricdc-project Kenya, Africa, Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kibera, AIDS, Youth, Education, Circumcision >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> WILFRED MASEA [Reporter]: KEMRI/CDC is a home-based counseling and HIV/AIDS testing group that has young men and women moving from door to door with an aim of educating youths, young men, and women on HIV/AIDS. As the rate of HIV/AIDS keeps on growing higher, it is said that 78 percent of couples in Kenya do not know their partner's HIV status. The result also indicates that 7 percent of people aged sixteen to sixty-four years are infected with HIV/AIDS. I have been tested, and I am HIV negative. Do you know your status? KEMRI/CDC, a home-based HIV counseling group, is here for you. Have you been tested? According to statistics, 1.4 million adults in Kenya are living with HIV/AIDS, which also indicates that 56 percent have never been tested, while 28 percent think that they are not infected with HIV/AIDS. CDC is working hard to transform and educate youth in Kibera through a dummy, and also educating them on ways to protect themselves. It is also proven that the medical procedure of male circumcision reduces the risk of getting HIV/AIDS. >> WOMAN [KEMRI/CDC Counselor]: When you use a condom with your partner, you will never doubt yourself on any infection, since you are using protection. We are also campaigning for voluntary male medical circumcision. It has been researched and proved that circumcised men have a reduced risk of contracting HIV by 60 percent. >> WILFRED MASEA: According to them, a large number of young people find it hard to get tested, and have a negative perspective towards the outcome of the results. But through home visits, many of the youths are able to express their views freely, feeling more comfortable being at home than going to health centers for the test. >> AMOS WANDERA [Student]: My name is Amos Wandera, I come from here in Kibera and right now I'm a student. Most of the time, initially, people always fear being seen going into a testing center, because their colleagues will believe that he doubts himself. But the initiative that the KEMRI people have taken to visit people in their houses gives more people the confidence to be tested because nobody will see you out going for HIV testing. You'll just be tested in your house, and there will not be any doubt at any particular time. It is confidential, not very public. >> WILFRED MASEA: This is also another way of educating the whole family on HIV/AIDS matters, matters that many parents do not like to share with their children. >> AMOS WANDERA: We are in another century, whereby we need to understand the reality about HIV/AIDS; we need to know our status so that we may live a good life. So being tested near your parents, near your wife, near your kid, it shows a positive picture of development in the developing world. Well, first of all, I was not tested when I was first going to be tested. I felt like I was scared, I really didn't want to make this particular move. But slowly, within my discussion with the counselor, I really gathered that confidence. And the last time, when she opened her kit, and I saw that it was only one line, which indicated that I'm negative, I felt like jumping up. I felt like I've been renewed, because I didn't trust that I was really negative. I always believe that everybody is positive unless proven negative. So that was the shoe I was in. But when I received that information I saw it myself that I was negative. It was like I was jumping from the seat I was sitting on, and said, "I've been born again. I'm new, I'm clean." So I was so happy. >> WILFRED MASEA: After going through the test, young girls, boys, men, and women, whether negative or positive, are educated on how to be faithful, having one partner, and also how to use protection. Wilfred Masea, reporting for KiberaTV, Nairobi. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-life-beyond-hiv Agneta Olouch, a primary school teacher in Kibera, was left alone to raise her children when her husband died of AIDS-related complications in 1995. When her health began to deteriorate rapidly, she discovered she was HIV positive herself. Out of this pain and hardship, she summoned the strength to start the Stawi Center, a community center for people of all ages living with HIV. Fri, 26 Aug 2011 08:41:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/kiberatv-life-beyond-hiv Kenya, HIV, Health, Vertical transmission, Education, Health education, Kibera, Médecins Sans Frontières, KiberaTV, Hot Sun Foundation >> TITLE: KiberaTV >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH [Founder, Stawi Youth and Adult Center]: My name is Agneta Luta Olouch; I'm about 59 years old. I'm going to celebrate my 60th year this year. I am HIV positive, and I got healed when I went for medication because I used to be sick. But now when I got healed, I thought of starting a small project like Stawi. Stawi means, "to grow and prosper." At least bring people together. >> BENTA AGOLLA [Stawi Group Member/Teacher]: Stawi is composed of many groups. I'm in two groups at Stawi. I'm a member of the Post Test Club, that's a club that meets to share how they're living positive. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: Bring children together who are orphaned because of HIV and AIDS. >> BENTA AGOLLA: Also to play a role as teacher to the young children. I knew my status ten years ago when I was expecting my fourth child. There was a mandatory test for women who were expecting. So after that, I was just told, "you are positive." I broke down, I was in tears, and I thought I would die. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: There were aims of bringing people together to educate them on health education and treatment literacy, because some of the people, when they take medication they may not adhere. But when we come together for psychological support, we teach each other how to take medication. Those who have challenges, we share together. >> BENTA AGOLLA: After meeting Mama Agneta she counseled me, we talked together, and she took me for medication where I did prevention for mother to child transmission. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: The challenge we are facing so far with the group is that some of these PTC [Post Test Club] members, they are very weak and cannot afford things like nutrition to eat well. So if it could be my wish, we could have something to give them, like nutritional support. Some of them have many children who they cannot support. >> BENTA AGOLLA: ...I'm a mother of six. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: That's why we take them into the Stawi Children's Group, who come on Saturday to eat, and we give them psychological support. >> BENTA AGOLLA: The students are aged between two months and ten years. They feed here, they learn here. The basics: how to go to school, how to brush their teeth, how to comb their hair, the alphabet, the domestic animals, we do a lot. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: And that is not enough, because by the end of the day these children go back home. Usually, we are connected with MSF [Medecins Sans Frontieres] Belgium, the health clinic. They refer patients to us. We have achieved a lot, because I have seen people waking up from their sleeping beds and taking their medication without fear, without stigma. That's what makes me happy. >> BENTA AGOLLA: My daughter now is ten years. She's negative. >> AGNETA LUTA OLOUCH: I am a mentor to many of these people. They see that I was HIV positive, my husband died and left me with the children, and I educated them up to university level. So I tell them, why not you? And that one encourages them a lot. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-entrepreneurs Florence, Esnart, Ng'andwe and Precious all come from backgrounds of extreme poverty in rural Zambia. They've embarked on five months of intensive training in leadership and enterprise. With courage and determination, these young women defy the odds and establish their own successful businesses, proving that anything is possible. Fri, 12 Aug 2011 09:41:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-entrepreneurs Zambia, Social entrepreneurship, Gender, Sub-Saharan Africa, Microfinance, Education, Social change, 10,000 Women, Mpika, Entrepreneurship >> TITLE: Camfed presents: A See Change Films Production, in collaboration with Goldman Sachs, 10,000 Women Initiative, and The University of Cambridge.>> TITLE: 150 young women from rural Zambia, from backgrounds of extreme rural poverty, are coming together to undertake an intensive training course. Over the next five months they will be taught leadership skills, social entrepreneurship, and how to become successful businesswomen. >> SIGN: Lubwe High School Educaiton Board>> TITLE: The Entrepreneurs>> BENJAMIN CHAMA [Camfed Zambia]: Lubwe is a rural community with no source of employment except for the fishing and maybe peasant farming. So I think that there isn't any money to go around. We would like to empower rural people through education, because I believe with all my heart that it is only through the giving of education that we can change the poverty cycle in our country.>> BARBARA CHILANGWA [Camfed Zambia]: Welcome all of you again, I know I welcomed you yesterday but I would also like to welcome you in a special way this morning because this now marks the beginning of this very precious course to all of us, because it is the first of its kind in Zambia. >> WOMAN 1: As you've heard already, they've introduced the Camfed program and our learning objective is to empower the young rural girls just like yourselves so that you don't have to struggle. Everyone, you are expected to write one expectation that you hope to achieve at the end of the three weeks. I want to learn how to start a business and to be a leader of different people. >> WOMAN 2: With the expectations you've given me I can predict you are ready to learn, isn't it? >> CATHERINE BOYCE [Course Leader]: The overarching theme of the course is leadership. People have to believe in themselves and their ability to affect change, to have the skills, to have the confidence, to have the vision to look around them and see opportunities where previously they had seen none. >> WOMAN 3: When choosing a leader, we have to see that this person has the qualities of a leader in them. >> WOMAN 4: Am I going to be a director? That is a leader who has a vision ahead of them. >> WOMAN 5: A leader must be honest, a leader must be with good behavior, and communicate. That's all. >> WOMAN 4: Why did you draw a picture of a man instead of a picture of a woman? Because we have taught you that we are leaders, I am also a leader, you are also leaders.>> BARBARA CHILANGWA: These young women will draw men as leaders because that is what they have known all their lives. At the family level, it is the father who is the leader. At school, it's mostly male teachers that are leaders and head teachers. So what this course will do is that it will break that perception. The communities will see for themselves that women can do the job and can do it well. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI [Trainer]: Good morning ladies. >> WOMEN: Good morning. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: How are you? >> WOMEN: Fine. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: So, today we are going to talk about our rivers of life. Each one of you should be able to write your rivers of life, should indicate on your river of life the worst things that have happened in your lives, and also the good things that happened in your life. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: In one of the sessions that we had with the young women, we were talking about the river of life so that people can come out of their situations. They can be very free to express themselves and also to share with others what they are going through. >> WOMAN 1: My life was going very good and fantastic. My father was working, my mother was not working. In 1996, my father died and my river started going down. >> WOMAN 2: And he has no money to pay for my school fees and buy my school uniform and he was telling me, "It's better you get married than to go to grade 8, me I don't have money." >> WOMAN 3: And I passed but I couldn't manage to go to grade 8 because my parents, they only cultivate. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: The women in our program, the 150 of them, come from very difficult backgrounds. Most of them, I can say almost 80 percent of these girls will have lost either one parent or both parents.>> FLORENCE [Student]: My name is Florence and this is the river of my life. I was born in 1990. And in 1997 my dad passed away. He died. In 1998, I started staying with my mom. We only survived by using the money that dad left. And in 2001, my mom died also.>> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: They think that when they are coming from poor families, that's the end of their lives. So my role here is just to empower girls to be able to believe in themselves and also to feel like they can do something about it. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Then my river started going down in 2001. That's when my father passed away. And when he died -->> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: When my dad died life was so difficult for us because my mother couldn't support us. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: I'll always remember this year, when my river went down and the water was even too cold for me. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: When I was working with Camfed, I was able to go back to school again because education is the only key to success. My dream was to bring back the life we used to enjoy with my father. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: And then I managed to build by mother a very big house that she's so proud of. And I'm also happy. I managed to build my mother that house when I was 22 years old. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Now I know that there are a lot of challenges that the young women are facing, that the rural people are facing, so I want to become a Member of Parliament one day, and I know I'm going to become one. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: You can also do it. Despite where you are coming from, the sky is not the limit. If you just believe in yourself that you can do it, you can do it. If you've got that zeal and the self-determination to believe in yourself, and you know that one day you are going to achieve whatever your dreams will be, you are going to excel, and you are going to achieve that, okay?>> WINNIE FARAO [Social Entrepreneur]: The poverty that was haunting our families would just not allow us to go to school. We were not supposed to be educated and we were not supposed to look at ourselves as leaders, but as subordinate. The fact that we were not supposed to get any opportunities to go to school, but we got it, then we have to use it and use it to the maximum. >> WINNIE FARAO: As a social entrepreneur, this is what I think I can go and do in my community. This is how I think I can go and make an impact. >> WOMAN: For me, what I can do as a leader, I should first join the group like Cama (Camfed alumni group) and then support those people who are in need. >> WINNIE FARAO: I feel that it is very, very important for the young women to understand social entrepreneurship and to understand business entrepreneurship, because the world that we are living in today, the young women and the communities that they come from, they are the best persons to deal with the challenges that they are facing everyday. For a long time, communities were not able to deal with their own challenges because there were no energetic young people to lead that process. >> TITLE: To help students find solutions to challenges in the community, a group of international social entrepreneurs are assisting on a number of issues. One of these issues is overfishing. >> ANNA OURSLER [Global Footprint Network]: The numbers of fish in the lake are reducing because so many people are taking them. We are going to learn how to be a scientist, and really look through our own eyes at what is happening in the waters and with the fish at Lake Bangweulu. We're going to take three data points and measure all of these things because we are doing a study to see if we can put a fish cage, an aquaculture fish cage, in the middle of the lake where we can grow and harvest fish. They've gone through about ten different scientific experiments to measure the qualities of water, which is something that all of them learned and can now do perfectly. The results will actually be submitted to the government, to the Ministry of Natural Resources, as part of an environmental assessment. So I think in their confidence there has been a real change, but also their skills, their technical skills about how to be a scientist, how to take scientific measurements. >> PRECIOUS [Student]: I'm Precious. We used to live in Kitwe. In 2001, mom died, then after a few years dad also died. Then we started living with dad's older brother. After living there for about a year, he started treating us badly. We couldn't touch our books, we weren't allowed to. Instead we were told to start doing housework. We had to do all the housework while his children were in the bedroom reading. So that was a very big problem. I found that that problem just got bigger, so that's how we came here to live with grandma, dad's mom. My grandma is very old. Sometimes she is not able to work for very long. She can't go to the field and work for a long time. But we help her cultivate, when we go to the field we cultivate. Apparently, someone explained my problem to my headmaster. That's when I came under Camfed's support. After this, the teacher who was our mentor told me, "Precious, you should remain behind and attend this course that will teach you about social entrepreneurship." I couldn't believe it. I just started crying because I didn't expect that I could have such luck. >> ALAN JACKSON [Aptivate ICT Trainer]: What we'd like to talk about now is just to find out what experience you all have with IT. >> WOMAN: I don't know anything about computers. >> ALAN JACKSON: So the four of you have never used a computer before?>> ALAN JACKSON: We have to start sort of at the beginning. Here are some computers, here's how you put them together. Here's how they work, here's how you make your network of computers work, here's how you connect to the Internet, here's how you find out if something's wrong. There are a lot of cultural adjustments, a lot of things we take for granted that of course they will have had no experience of. >> PENELOPE [IT Teacher Trainee]: Before the beginning of this course I didn't have any experience with computers. We were just learning about computers, that they exist. But this is the first time I came across a computer, using it on my own. >> ALAN JACKSON: We're working with a small group, a group of four young women who will be running the resource center after this training course. >> PENELOPE: It is connected to the Internet. And that thing that you are seeing there, that's where the position of the satellite is. >> ALAN JACKSON: I think that they're getting the right flavor, or spirit, of IT, that they're going to be able to fix things themselves, they are going to be able to find out things for themselves. They are going to be quite empowered by this technology, and hopefully then empower a community with that same spirit. >> FLORENCE: I'm excited. Before, I never knew how to type anything on the computer, but today I've learned something I think. >> MATILDA [Student, 20 years old]:: You can also sell your goods through the computer. Me, I would love to know how they buy, like when they say, "I bought this through a computer." I would like to know how they buy things through a computer. >> NG'ANDWE [Student, Age 18]: Because my item is sugar, how can someone get their sugar from the computer? When we started learning, I'm telling you, it was interesting. And the studies were very different from what I was thinking so it was very interesting, and I even learned many things: how to be a social entrepreneur, how to help people, even this time I'm a role model in our community. I think I'll be teaching my fellow youths and the young ones and those who are in school. When I was in grade 2, in 1998, my father passed away. The way of living started changing, it was very difficult. When my dad passed away, it was very difficult for us to find books, pens, even the money to pay for our school fees. But my mom was a hardworking mother, so she was fighting for us. When the results come out and if I do well, I'm thinking of studying law. I'm thinking of studying law because a lot of people who have done law are men, so I want to be one of the few women lawyers so that I can fight for people's rights and women's rights. At least in law I will not be the way I am in this time, I think I'll be someone. >> LUNGOWE CHISHINGA [Human Rights Lawyer]: Why am I telling you these technical things? Because I want you to that if you are going to claim your rights, you need to know two things. One: where is that right guaranteed? Walia and Stephen have been married for three years, and they have two sons. So she's a 17-year-old girl who is a child and is a mother of two children. Is this strange? Do we find 17-year-olds in our communities that are mothers? >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: Most Zambian women grow up not knowing that they actually have rights. Most parents, especially when girls become of age at about the age of 15 for example, they already begin to consider them ready for marriage. >> LUNGOWE CHISHINGA: So you tell me, are any of Walia's rights violated? My lawyers, what rights are violated? >> FLORENCE: Choosing, a right of choice. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: So we believe that ensuring that focus on a program that brings to their attention that they actually have rights about their own sexuality and their lives will change the way, first of all, that they now relate to members of the community, to their husbands, the members of their family, in the sense that they will go out there believing that they have rights and that no one should trample on their rights. >> WOMAN: My question is, for example, I'm a married woman and then my husband is committing adultery. I decide to consult the elders, and then the elders say, "A man's adultery does not ruin the home." Yet it is contributing to the risk of being exposed to many diseases. What step can I take? >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: There are a lot of myths surrounding women having sex, so I thought maybe I should speak about sexuality to the 150 women so they understand that they have the right to make choices about when they should have sex and who they should have sex with. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: Especially for us parents, it's very difficult to talk about sexuality to you at your age. I want to tell you, I come from a very big family. There were 11: five girls in my family and six boys. Today, I don't have any sisters; they are all dead from the HIV/AIDS virus. Only three of my brothers are alive. Perhaps if there had been condoms, they would have used condoms and today I would be seeing them. >> ESNART [Student, 19 years old]: I was just shocked by what he said, it brought a shiver down my spine and I thought like, maybe if there was someone, someone like us today, young leaders who would have talked to those people, maybe if they knew them, it would have been possible for them to be alive this day. I think now that we are not vulnerable because we've got more information about HIV and AIDS, and we know our rights also. I have to tell the other people, letting them know how dangerous this disease is. I was born in 1990, I used to stay with my biological mom and when she died I came to stay with my mom's older sister. She's my mom now. Her husband died when I was still at school. I've got three brothers and four sisters. I love them so much. Such that when I complete I just want them to have a good future. Before my mom died, she took my real father to victim support, but he didn't respond still. He just stays in Mansa there, but he works, yes. But I don't know why he doesn't support me. I don't know why he just doesn't care for me. Sometimes when I'm sitting I just dream that I wish I could have a big house where we could all live together, just give my family the life that they've always wanted. >> WOMAN: How are we going to get the overall risk? We can get the overall risk by multiplying the likelihood of the event by the size of the effect of the event. >> MAN: You are managing your projects, and you need to understand the project lifecycle and the project chart, which is a tool that will help guide you through whether you are progressing in a particular project or not. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: Training in financial management is a key part of the program. Judge Business School at the University of Cambridge is one of our partners for designing and actually delivering this program. The MBAT actually drew on resources, on tools, and on models for learning that are actually used by MBA students all around the world. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: We are all business ladies here, isn't it? And we are fully empowered with the skills and knowledge to be able to run our businesses successfully. We've learnt a lot of things: advertising, we've learnt about marketing, we've learnt about record keeping and everything. So we are fully empowered as young women in Mpika district to be able to deliver and run our successful businesses. Okay, between now and next week we should be able to plan on which business we want to engage ourselves in as we go back to our communities. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Today we are going to do market research in Mansa district. In my group they have identified to do communication business, which they are very excited about. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: On average, how many cards are you able to sell in a day? >> WOMAN 1: I make 2 million K (USD$400).>> WOMAN 2: You make a lot of profit, oh my goodness!>> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: She's the only woman we have interviewed so far out of 11 men, just one woman. One of the things that she said was that this business was being run by men mostly, so she's very much excited to see the girls actually coming up with this brilliant idea for them to be able to set up their own businesses. So she's actually very much inspired by the girls.>> TITLE: After carrying out market research, all 19 groups found gaps in the market for social and business enterprises. >> NG'ANDWE: This is our business plan. The total cash inflow will be 1,100,000 in month one. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: We're introducing them to the business planning side: how to do a cash flow, how to financially plan expenditure and income over the time period. And they're actually preparing those plans right now and presenting them tomorrow morning in a competition. >> MATILDA: Our mission statement is as follows: to make communication accessible to all -->> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: We're doing very fine. So far the girls are practicing their presentation for tomorrow and they are very, very excited with all the brilliant ideas they've come up with. I think they are going to be winners because they worked very hard for this and they are very excited. We can't wait, we are so excited!>> MATILDA: I know that the competition will be quite tough, but I think at least we will manage to do something, I'm thinking we'll be the first ones. >> FLORENCE: How are you feeling? >> WOMAN 2: I'm feeling a bit nervous because I'll be presenting the market research plan to a lot of people in the plenary. >> FLORENCE: I'm also feeling nervous. The reason why I'm feeling nervous is because there will be judges and there will be a lot of people that side. Tonight we are going to write the mission statement. >> TITLE: Competition Day. If successful, each group will receive funding to start their own business or social enterprise.>> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: Hi ladies! Are you ready for today? I just want to encourage you to feel confidence and believe in yourselves, and just know that you can do it, because all of us have different projects, and I believe your project is the best! So just show them that. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: Okay, thank you very much everybody. This is a very special day. We have got our judges table there, and we are going to start immediately with group 12. >> WOMAN 1: And the name of our communication business is "Beyond Vision Communication" (BVC). >> MATILDA: This is our mission statement. We will be making sure that everyone access communication.>> ESNART: The current situation in Mpika is very worrying in the sense that there is an increase in child abuse, child labor, and street children. Our mission statement will be to provide vulnerable children age two to six years with basic education and good nutrition. >> WOMAN 2: We are going to open a restaurant by the name "Big Sisters." The restaurant will offer nshima, rice, chicken, beef, sausages, vegetables, kapenta, chips and bread with eggs. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: Let's give them a big hand. >> WOMAN 3: Our goal is to raise awareness in young women against sexual exploitation. >> NG'ANDWE: Us, "Future Fighters," have decided to undertake two projects respectively. One group will take hardware as a business project and the other group will take advocacy for persons with disabilities. >> FLORENCE: This is our budget; this is the description, number of days, quantity, unit cost and amount. >> MWANGALA MUKELABAI: What inspired you to go into advocacy? >> WOMAN 5: It's through education that people will know about the dangers of HIV/AIDS. We will be able to eradicate ignorance in Zambia. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: You've all done tremendously well, I think, in the various presentations. So we deserve a pat on the back ourselves, so we shall give ourselves a good hand for what we have done. >> NG'ANDWE: Before I presented I was feeling -- I even started shivering. But when I went to the stage I came up with that courage, I felt something. Then, it went just okay. >> TITLE: All 19 groups were successful in receiving funding to start their new enterprises. The 150 entrepreneurs will now return to their communities for four months. >> FLORENCE: I never imagined that I would be a business entrepreneur in my life at this tender age. When I start having my own money, first of all I'll start helping my family, I'll be buying food for my family, then clothes. I'll be helping other children in the community, I'll be a role model to them and people will be happy about it because maybe other people never used to think that I can do it but now I can.>> TITLE: Four months later. The entrepreneurs are returning to Lubwe for the final stage of their training. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: We weren't quite sure how far the young women would get with their projects, and what we found was that every single project team created a brilliant business plan, they set up a bank account, they managed their funds, and they all achieved impact, which was going to be one of the themes of the course, the impact that they achieved. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: This is a very beautiful morning and a very important day, just like any other day. Now, today we are going to display what we were doing in Phase Two. We are going to set up stalls, all those skills that we learned to persuade. The first half of the team will be going around and will be sticking stars to what they think is the value. >> FLORENCE: As you can see, this is our group name and number on that side. That?s the Kakabalika group 13, and the profit that we made was K200 thousand (USD$40). This is our financial records book. We are planning to continue this project because we've actually made profit. >> ESNART: I think everyone is doing a great job and everyone is putting in effort because it takes a lot of guts for someone to come up with something like this. I'm really impressed with everyone, I think they are all doing great. >> CATHERINE BOYCE: We actually have 19 separate enterprises: we have a preschool for vulnerable children, a loan scheme, we have three different groups communicating about the importance of education to young girls. We have several retail enterprises selling secondhand clothes, selling groceries, and selling mobile phone talk time. Huge diversity of enterprises. >> WOMAN 1: What are some of the impacts?>> WOMAN 2: You are going a long distance to buy talk time. For instance, here we have brought talk time very near, you are buying talk-time within the school. >> WOMAN 3: I think the group is so good and they've got pride and confidence. I think they are making a lot of profit since they are girls selling talk time. >> WOMAN 4: What we wish to achieve, especially in the rural community in Mpika, we want people to have big businesses. We want them to have big businesses, we want their businesses to grow, we don't want people to be staying home, and we want them to take their children to school. >> BENJAMIN CHAMA: I've been going around to look at their projects, and I feel great about the achievement that they've made. I'm simply bowled over. I don't even have words to describe what I have seen, the amazing things that they were able to do: the financial records they were able to keep, and also the products, the impact that it has had on this society I think is indelible. I think it's fantastic. >> TITLE: One month earlier, back in their communities. Mpika Microfinance Scheme. >> PETRONELLA [Managing Director]: Our business is a business where we give loans on low rates so that everyone is able to afford to pay back. We decided to embark on this venture because we saw that most women were really vulnerable in Mpika, they couldn't manage. So we wanted to upgrade their standards of living. Some of them wanted to upgrade their businesses because we saw that some people had the passion for business. At the moment we are supporting eight women. We have eight clients. Each woman had a K200 thousand (USD$40) loan. >> PETRONELLA: Hello, how is work going? >> WOMAN 2: It's all right. >> WOMAN 1: How are you? >> WOMAN 2: I'm fine. >> PETRONELLA: We've come to see how your business is going, what you are doing, how far you've come, and how you've used the money we gave you towards your business? >> WOMAN 2: I feel very good about the loan you gave me. There is a difference in that in the past I didn't have a business, I wasn't selling anything. Now I am selling goods and I am making money. I am able to solve a lot of my problems on my own. >> PETRONELLA: Would you like to receive another loan? If so, how much more would you like to receive? >> WOMAN 2: I would like much more. Make it big; make it K1.5 million (USD$300). >> PETRONELLA: K1.5 million (USD$300)!>> WOMAN 2: Yes. >> WOMAN 1: Will you manage to pay us back quickly, with interest? >> WOMAN 2: I will do so very well! Very quickly! Easily with interest on top!>> PETRONELLA: And if you fail to pay back, what should we do to you? >> WOMAN 2: We will agree on what should be done. >> PETRONELLA: All right. >> WOMAN 2: I wouldn't fail to pay you back. >> PETRONELLA: How do you feel about all this? >> WOMAN 2: I feel joyful. >> WOMAN 1: Thank you. >> WOMAN 2: I thank you too. >> PETRONELLA: Our plan is that we'll get a loan from Microbankers Trust. We are planning to get a loan of maybe K5 million (USD$1,000) so we support fifteen women. And from that I think our business will keep on growing and the profits that we'll be making, we'll be giving to more women. >> WOMAN: I decided to use the loan you gave me together with my profit to buy my own sewing machine. So I bought a sewing machine. Also, that profit is helping me because I'm now able to pay my children's school fees. >> PETRONELLA: I feel very proud and I'm very happy that I'm able to solve big people's problems, women's problems. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: They have had hands on practice, I think, by designing their projects, which they did. They have tried them out; they went and launched them themselves in the communities, in communities, where, before this program, they were looked down upon. >> PRECIOUS [Company Secretary, BVC]: As of now, I am in a position to take care of my grandmother because of our business we are doing, I'm not even nervous about my future, I'm just looking forward to it so that I can have my own bright future now. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: They'll be received very well; they'll be accepted back in their communities because they will have proved the point that women are capable of leading programs, they're capable of solving problems, and they're capable of playing a role in the development of their communities. >> TITLE: The Great Ones Preschool>> ESNART: Our social enterprise is opening up a preschool for vulnerable children and our objectives are to teach 30 to 60 children in the first term. And when we teach them we aim at letting them know why basic education is important. >> ESNART: What's a preschool? >> CHILD: A preschool is a place where children are taken to be taught how to read, how to write, and how to count numbers, how to be disciplined. >> CHILDREN: Well done, well done, such a good girl. >> ESNART: It's also very good for a child to go to a preschool because it builds up a foundation. When that child goes to grade 1, that child will be able to count, write numbers, and that child will be very active. It's very interesting to explore a child's mind, just how they develop, how they learn, you just start remembering your childhood and it was very interesting and so inspiring and it made be proud. The children that we've enrolled here mainly are from vulnerable backgrounds, backgrounds where we find that their parents are dead; we find that they don't have all that much to sustain themselves. That's why if this preschool didn't exist these children would just be roaming around. >> WOMAN: Preschools that are here are private, but us here, we provide them with books, pencils, crayons and uniforms. Then they should just pay a certain amount, maybe if that parent can't afford to bring money and then that parent is a farmer or something like that, they can bring anything in terms of crops like maize, millet, cassava, or groundnuts. >> ESNART: And it's not always that all the children pay, it's not everyone who pays, and we don't chase those children away who don't pay. We allow them to learn because we are giving them an opportunity to shape up their future. >> WOMAN: I didn't know I could run a preschool for vulnerable children, helping vulnerable children and maybe in the future I could do more than we are doing to develop my country and maybe develop my community. A lot of people say that, "If you are poor, there is nothing you can do in the future." What I have learned is that even if you are poor, you can do something in your life. At least in the future, you can learn and you can become somebody one day. >> TITLE: Graduation>> BENJAMIN CHAMA: My prayer is that these 150 women will continue with the social enterprise, with the business skills that they have acquired. I know that we cannot just leave them like this. They will need support from all of us because this is a big thing that we have built, we have given them hope and the belief that they are able to do something on their own. >> BARBARA CHILANGWA: Good afternoon leaders. I overheard one of you talking, I don't think they knew that I was listening: "Now that this thing is finishing, what am I going to do?" There is no reason for any of you to despair. Camfed is committed to assisting you to get into that college of your choice.>> BARBARA CHILANGWA: We will support them if they decide to carry on with the projects that they have established, we will support them if they decide to go to college, we will support them in many ways to ensure that they have the independence that we want for all of them. >> ESNART: Yes, I feel that I'm a leader and I'm an entrepreneur. Firstly, I'll start by saying that I'm a leader because I know that leadership is not about leading everybody, like maybe in front, telling them, giving them orders, no. Leadership is about being who you are, being passionate about what you do, and also making others feel important, also knowing that you depend on other people for your success. And leadership is about working hard with others, being committed, and teamwork. I also believe that I'm an entrepreneur because I'm able to start up my own business, I'm able to run it smoothly, know whether I'm succeeding or I'm failing in my business. I think my future really holds so many things for me. I just feel that I will really achieve so many things. >> TITLE: Ng'andwe is working as an assistant IT trainer in the new IT Resource Center in Samfy. Next year she plans to study Social Work. Precious continues to grow Beyond Vision Communications. She uses the money she earns from her business to help support her family. Florence is studying Gender and Development Studies at the Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts. She is proud to be one of the youngest female Managing Directors in her community. Esnart is now studying to become an accountant at the Zambian Institute of Management, Lusaka. "The Great Ones Preschool" is currently educating 68 vulnerable children. Since graduation, Camfed has supported the entrepreneurs with business mentoring and bursaries for Higher Education. In December, another 150 young women from rural Zambia will embark on the next Leadership and Enterprise course. Camfed International and the University of Cambridge - particularly the Cambridge Assessment Group and Judge Business School - collaborated to design this Leadership and Enterprise Training Program, which is implemented in Zambia by Camfed. The Goldman Sachs Charitable Fund and The Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Initiative made this program possible through their generous sponsorship. Camfed supports the education of girls and young women's empowerment in Africa. For more information about Camfed please visit www.camfed.org. >> TITLE: [End credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/braids-not-aids Tackling HIV and AIDS in the developing world mean tailoring responses to the specific needs of each country and of the groups most vulnerable to AIDS. In Zimbabwe, hairdressers are trained to give advice on safe sex and the benefits of using female condoms through a program funded by the UK's Department for International Development. Tue, 26 Jul 2011 09:08:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/braids-not-aids Zimbabwe, Health, HIV, AIDS, Chitungwiza, Kuwadzana, Female condom, Population Services International, Department for International Development >> VOICEOVER: As the economy in Zimbabwe begins to recover after years of chronic mismanagement and hyperinflation, there are also encouraging signs of a decrease in HIV prevalence. In a country where over one million children have been orphaned by AIDS, now an innovative HIV prevention program is showing remarkable success by using hairdressers to teach their female customers the facts about HIV and AIDS. But in a country with a collapsed medical infrastructure, the burden of HIV and AIDS is massive. There are around 60,000 deaths from AIDS each year, and an estimated 1,200 new infections each week. Experts in Zimbabwe say prevention through behavior change is the key to managing the spread of the disease. >> KUMBIRAI CHATORA [PSI Zimbabwe Deputy Country Director]: When we talk about behavior change, the key word there is changing. Changing from what you used to do to a new behavior. We want people to adopt safer sexual behaviors. It could be condom use, it could be knowing your status, it could be having fewer partners. All that for us is behavior change, anything that you do to protect yourself from HIV infection. >> VOICEOVER: But in a male-dominated society like Zimbabwe, reaching women with the correct information and empowering them to make decisions can be difficult. >> WENDY TAKUNDWA-BANDA [DFID Zimbabwe HIV Program Manager]: Generally women are the more vulnerable sex, and when it comes to making decisions related to sexual health, men are the dominant character. So women don't have much say. >> VOICEOVER: As a result, 60 percent of all people living with HIV in Zimbabwe are women. Dorothy Nyamukapa is a hairdresser in Kuwadzana, a low-income high-density suburb of the capitol Harare. Dorothy is one of 1,500 hairdressers that have been trained as an HIV peer educator in a program run by Population Services International and funded by the UK's Department for International Development. >> DOROTHY NYAMUKAPA: Because I am a woman it is very simple for me to approach them. I ask her which family planning she uses. When she told me, I started to introduce them to "Care.">> VOICEOVER: In this way, hairdressers like Dorothy have sold over three million female condoms in the last six years, preventing thousands of new HIV infections. Barbra Nyandika, a regular at the salon, began using the female condom with her husband Obit two years ago. >> BARBRA NYANDIKA: I went to my husband and told him about female condoms. Then he said I have to bring it so that he can see it. Then I have to introduce it to him and he said that it is very nice, that we have to continue using it. >> VOICEOVER: This initiative is spreading across Zimbabwe. Sylvester Nzaras runs a barbershop from his backyard in the commuter town of Chitungwiza, south of Harare. Here, men are also being exposed to the prevention message and the benefits of condom use. While huge challenges remain in Zimbabwe, the success of programs like this has contributed to a significant decline in HIV prevalence, a drop from over 24 percent to less than 14 percent over the last six years. >> TITLE: To find out more, please visit: www.dfid.gov.uk http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-hiv-prevention-looking-back-moving-forward Since the first official confirmed cases of HIV 30 years ago, millions have died, particularly in developing nations. But now there's hope in treatment and innovative prevention strategies. Take a journey to find out what's working in HIV prevention -- and providing hope for the future -- in this new half-hour documentary produced by ViewChange in partnership with PSI (Population Services International). Tue, 26 Jul 2011 08:08:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-hiv-prevention-looking-back-moving-forward HIV, Health, AIDS, Sub-Saharan Africa, Zimbabwe, Africa, AIDS pandemic, Reproductive health, Population Services International, Kenya >> DEBRA MESSING [Ambassador, Population Services International]: Next up: It?s the pandemic that has touched millions -- AIDS. Thirty years after the first confirmed cases appeared, where are we now? And what?s working in HIV prevention? Find out in this special report from PSI and ViewChange.org.>> VOICEOVER: ViewChange is about people making real progress in tackling the world's toughest issues. Can a story change the world? See for yourself in ViewChange: HIV Prevention - Looking Back & Moving Forward.>> DEBRA MESSING: I'm Debra Messing, Ambassador for PSI. It?s been 30 years since the Centers for Disease Control confirmed the first cases of HIV in the United States. Since 1981, more than 30 million people around the world have died of AIDS-related causes -- particularly in the developing world, where the disease has devastated entire families, communities and generations. But thanks to the medical advancement of antiretroviral therapy and progress in prevention, saving lives is now possible. Aid groups and governments have been working hard to bring innovative HIV prevention methods and tools to scale -- and it?s working. In Mozambique, one young relationship counselor is getting creative. Working with a local radio show, she is finding ways to make condoms exciting -- and even sexy. >> TITLE: Reclaim the Condom>> TITLE: Reclaim the Condom, tve, Mozambique>> VOICEOVER: Like all countries in southern Africa, Mozambique suffers from HIV/AIDS. Every year, millions of dollars are spent on prevention campaigns, including promoting condoms. But the battle is far from won, and one person thinks she knows why.>> SHEILA MANJATE [Sexual Health Counselor, North East Secondary School]: I don't know how many students there are, maybe eight thousand. To pick up condoms? I have the records here. Maybe a hundred per month. >> VOICEOVER: At the North East Secondary School in the capital Maputo, 22-year-old Sheila is a trained sexual health counselor. In her office, young people come to her with their intimate problems.>> BOY 1: I'm having a problem with my girlfriend. >> SHEILA MANJATE: And you did not use a condom?>> BOY 1: Often we didn't use it.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Because you trusted her?>> BOY 1: I risked it because I trusted her, but I mistrust her at the same time.>> VOICEOVER: The message is clear -- selling condoms as barriers against HIV can suggest couples don?t trust each other. So Sheila?s convinced it?s easier to sell condoms as contraceptives. Today in her office, she?s tearing down the public health posters. For Sheila, condoms are the main weapons against HIV/AIDS, but they must have the right image. The unbranded "white" condoms are the ones distributed in schools and clinics. Much better, she says, those more sexy, branded ones. >> VOICEOVER: Sheila lives at her grandma?s. A churchgoing Christian, she wants to train as a lawyer. She says what some in the big health agencies think privately.>> SHEILA MANJATE: The condom is too associated with HIV and so it has become stigmatized in the people's minds.>> VOICEOVER: She?s backed by market research, which shows trust in relationships is the main reason for not using condoms. Sheila knows sex and romance sell, so why not use them to promote condoms? She is working on a radio program to try her message on a wider audience. It's for 99FM, a popular national radio station. Today is the big sell. >> SHEILA MANJATE: I'm very nervous. I'm in the hands of God.>> VOICEOVER: Sheila?s off to see the head of the station. But will he buy her maverick message?>> SHEILA MANJATE: Our idea is to make a pilot program.>> NELSON CAMAL [Station head, SNYC 99 FM]: Yesterday I attended a Millennium Village ceremony in Chibuto. They had a box of condoms like this one. I didn't want to take any.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Exactly.>> NELSON CAMAL: But what are we going to say in the program? No to the AIDS condom, or are we going to say AIDS condom, yes?>> SHEILA MANJATE: No, our objective is to say yes to the condom.>> VOICEOVER: Not only have they given her airtime, 99FM has given Sheila her own team. Their slogan: "For Your Up Moments!" Public health campaigns find it difficult to link condoms with pleasure. But can you really sell condoms better branding them with sex than with illness? Early morning, and time to take the show on the road. Today to Xinavane, 100 kilometers north of Maputo. For her program, Sheila wants people to talk openly about their sex lives. She hopes their stories will reveal why they should use condoms. She's taking the message to the local school, to see how it plays. >> SHEILA MANJATE: Our mothers fell pregnant at the age of 14, 15, 16, 17; they lived their sexuality at the moment they felt the time had come. I want you to tell me: What do you do to live your sexuality, without having the same problems our mothers had? What did you say?>> MALE STUDENT 1: I use the condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: You used the condom. Thank you. Ping pong, another one. What do you do?>> FEMALE STUDENT 1: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 2: Fidelity.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Fidelity. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 3: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> MALE STUDENT 2: Fidelity.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Fidelity. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 4: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 5: Be faithful to my boyfriend.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Be faithful to your boyfriend? I have to be faithful to my boyfriend, but I also have to be faithful to the condom, because the day my boyfriend drops me, the condom will stay with me.>> TITLE: Sheila continues to encourage a change in the perception of condoms with young people in Mozambique. >> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: In India, where millions are living with HIV, reaching at-risk populations through peer education is crucial. And as this story shows, the most powerful messengers for HIV awareness come from unlikely places.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> TITLE: Peer education is a powerful tool in the prevention of HIV, but also in creating awareness and supporting those receiving care. >> MADAN KOIRALA: First I'm going to play soccer. I'm going to shoot two goals. Obviously we will win! I have many qualities. I am handsome. I am a role model for the people watching. >> TITLE: Madan>> TITLE: Element: Madan, Element, India>> MADAN KOIRALA: I was a drug user before. My ambition was to use drugs, and die. I am from Nepal. I came to Delhi just to use drugs. One of my friends sent me a message saying the drugs were good in India. I said, "Okay, let's go." I spent all my money. I was totally broke. I thought, "I'm going to die, I can't live any longer." Suddenly, I changed my mind. >> TITLE: New Delhi, India>> MADAN KOIRALA: I got a message that there is a rehab center where we can get treatment, and I said, "Okay," because I am a drug user and I needed treatment. I changed my lifestyle, and in the meantime I met my girlfriend, who is really cute! Life is not only for using drugs, eating food, and sleeping. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goal #6: Stop the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases>> MADAN KOIRALA: Now I am employed at Michael's Care Home, and I have to take care of HIV positive people who need treatment and help. Whether they're HIV positive or not, I always see them as a human being and in need of care and treatment. In India, people think that if you're HIV positive, you've got AIDS and you're going to die soon. Actually they're quite different. "AIDS" means you're sick, but being "HIV positive" just means you have the virus. Still people are very scared. They think that if someone's infected with HIV, we'll get infected too. No, we can't get it through the air, we can't get it from mosquito bites, we can't get it from kissing, and yet still there's all this discrimination. They're made jobless, homeless, and they're kicked out of society. Let them live! There are lots of examples of people who are very sick, and then they take the ARV medicine and live normally. This is anti-retroviral medicine, "ARV" medicine. >> MAN 1: It reduces the multiplication of the virus. >> MADAN KOIRALA: In India, only around twelve thousand people are getting this medicine. But there are over five million people infected with HIV. They should fight for them to get ARV medicine too. We need ARV medicine to be available free to everyone who needs it. Finish! There's something inside me that I can expose to the whole world. I am Madan Koirala, and I am HIV positive. >> TITLE: HIV+>> MADAN KOIRALA: If you look at me, can you make it out that I'm HIV positive? No, no one can tell. >> MADAN KOIRALA: The message for the new generation is: positive living, positive thinking. No discrimination and stigma. There is hope. Now clap your hands!>> DEBRA MESSING: Operating in 67 countries around the world, PSI is one global health organization at the forefront of HIV prevention. PSI believes that health services and products are most effective when they are accompanied by robust communications, which ensure that people are widely accepting and using prevention methods. And they?ve found that some of the best communicators about safer sex and HIV prevention are not necessarily the typical experts. For example, hairdressers in Zimbabwe are chipping in with their own straight-talk to patrons -- and have helped Zimbabwe cut its HIV infection rate by half. Last year, I traveled with PSI to visit one special salon in Zimbabwe where women are sharing life-saving information with one another -- truly unforgettable.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> TITLE: Braids Not AIDS, DFID, Zimbabwe>> VOICEOVER: As the economy in Zimbabwe begins to recover after years of chronic mismanagement and hyperinflation, there are also encouraging signs of a decrease in HIV prevalence. In a country where over one million children have been orphaned by AIDS, now an innovative HIV prevention program is showing remarkable success by using hairdressers to teach their female customers the facts about HIV and AIDS. But in a country with a collapsed medical infrastructure, the burden of HIV and AIDS is massive. There are around 60,000 deaths from AIDS each year, and an estimated 1,200 new infections each week. Experts in Zimbabwe say prevention through behavior change is the key to managing the spread of the disease. >> KUMBIRAI CHATORA [PSI Zimbabwe Deputy Country Director]: When we talk about behavior change, the key word there is changing. Changing from what you used to do to a new behavior. We want people to adopt safer sexual behaviors. It could be condom use, it could be knowing your status, it could be having fewer partners. All that for us is behavior change, anything that you do to protect yourself from HIV infection. >> VOICEOVER: But in a male-dominated society like Zimbabwe, reaching women with the correct information and empowering them to make decisions can be difficult. >> WENDY TAKUNDWA-BANDA [DFID Zimbabwe HIV Program Manager]: Generally women are the more vulnerable sex, and when it comes to making decisions related to sexual health, men are the dominant character. So women don't have much say. >> VOICEOVER: As a result, 60 percent of all people living with HIV in Zimbabwe are women. Dorothy Nyamukapa is a hairdresser in Kuwadzana, a low-income high-density suburb of the capitol Harare. Dorothy is one of 1,500 hairdressers that have been trained as an HIV peer educator in a program run by Population Services International and funded by the UK's Department for International Development. >> DOROTHY NYAMUKAPA: Because I am a woman it is very simple for me to approach them. I ask her which family planning she uses. When she told me, I started to introduce them to "Care.">> VOICEOVER: In this way, hairdressers like Dorothy have sold over three million female condoms in the last six years, preventing thousands of new HIV infections. Barbra Nyandika, a regular at the salon, began using the female condom with her husband Obit two years ago. >> BARBRA NYANDIKA: I went to my husband and told him about female condoms. Then he said I have to bring it so that he can see it. Then I have to introduce it to him and he said that it is very nice, that we have to continue using it. >> VOICEOVER: This initiative is spreading across Zimbabwe. Sylvester Nzaras runs a barbershop from his backyard in the commuter town of Chitungwiza, south of Harare. Here, men are also being exposed to the prevention message and the benefits of condom use. While huge challenges remain in Zimbabwe, the success of programs like this has contributed to a significant decline in HIV prevalence, a drop from over 24 percent to less than 14 percent over the last six years. >> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: But how will we really achieve large-scale change? One of the ways is by promoting HIV prevention methods that are easily affordable, highly effective and are able to show results now. Methods like voluntary male circumcision, which can reduce heterosexual HIV transmission by 60 percent. But first, grown men must be convinced to overcome their fears, as we see in this story.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> TITLE: PSI Botswana's Male Circumcision Campaign - TV Spot>> TITLE: Scaling Up Male Circumcision, PSI, Sub-Saharan Africa>> VOICEOVER: All right team: remember that we have to work at winning this match as a team. Circumcision cannot win this match alone. He needs the help of all of the defenders to keep HIV from scoring. >> TITLE: Men in Sub-Saharan Africa are choosing male circumcision (MC), a cost-effective method that reduces the risk of HIV infection in men by 60 percent. Beginning in 2007, PSI launched an unprecedented MC campaign supporting service delivery, communications, and advocacy efforts in Botswana, Kenya, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. These are the stories of men and families being impacted by male circumcision. >> FUNGAI CHIBAYA [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: My name is Fungai. Near where I stay, there is a very big billboard encouraging male circumcision, so I just decided one day that I should do it. I'm shaking a little bit, like goosebumps. I think the procedure is going to go well.>> TITLE: PSI provides pre- and post-procedure counseling in countries where male circumcision is offered. >> FUNGAI CHIBAYA: I've learned a lot about male circumcision. They say it has a 60 percent chance of HIV reduction. >> TAKAVINGWA KOMBONI [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: My name is Takavingwa Komboni. My wife encouraged me to come to MC because she actually thought it would be good for me to be circumcised. Some of my friends said, "You can go at your own risk." I'm curious to know what's going to happen after I'm circumcised. >> SYMPATHY MPOFU [Clinical MC Nurse, Swaziland]: The local anesthesia is given to assist him in reducing pain during the surgical procedure. The procedure starts with the doctor cutting and removing the foreskin. Afterwards we dress the patient with gauze. Then the patient is escorted to the recovery room to recover for 30 minutes. >> TAKAVINGWA KOMBONI: As you can see, I am now coming out of the theater room. The circumcision is over, and I feel like a man. It has been very good, and it is not as painful as I thought.>> FUNGAI CHIBAYA: The whole procedure was just fine. >> TITLE: Changing perceptions, one person at a time. >> JABULANI NCUBE [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: One of the best benefits is the reduction of the HIV/AIDS transmission rate. That gave me the zeal to go for it. I felt it would be the best opportunity for me to prevent myself, and the person that I love, from contracting such infections. >> STEVEN CHIKOMBERO [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: I've since introduced some of my team members to be circumcised. Everyone now knows that I'm proud to be circumcised. >> TITLE: Women are important partners in this process.>> KUDZAISHE CHIFAMBA [MC Client, Zimbabwe]; It opens up dialogue within the relationship, which is not common in our environment. >> MOLEBOGENG MADISHA [South Africa]: So this is both of our decision, and I decided to accompany him as a support system. I also heard about the importance of male circumcision. >> TITLE: Communication is key to male circumcision scale up. >> JABULANI NCUBE: What I learned is that people are not well educated. They have a belief that it's cultural.>> KUDZAISHE CHIFAMBA: Dialogue needs to spread further than just young couples. >> TITLE: By bringing services to scale within the next 10 to 20 years, male circumcision could significantly reduce the number of new HIV infections. >> JABULANI NCUBE: It is the right channel to reduce the HIV/AIDS pandemic in our nation.>> TITLE: Effective communication. High quality service delivery. Thirty-eight million by 2015: scale up male circumcision now, impact the future of HIV. >> STEVEN CHIKOMBERO: A lot of things have changed in my life. Besides the confidence that I have, I also feel much more secure.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: Targeting behavior is also crucial in HIV prevention. In Kenya, people are talking about Mpango wa Kando -- roughly translated into "having a long-term relationship on the side." It?s an all-too-common arrangement that also happens to be one of the riskiest behaviors for HIV transmission. But the government of Kenya, together with USAID and other groups, is using mass media to change this behavior and turn the tide of HIV transmission.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> JIMMI GATHU ["Mpango wa Kando" Spokesperson]: Are you married? So you're sitting with your husband, right? Do you know if he has a girlfriend?>> TITLE: Roughly 33 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, twenty million plus in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, one behavior is playing a major role in transmission: concurrent sexual partnerships. >> JIMMI GATHU: There is only one way to stop HIV from destroying your marriage. It's simple. Guys, leave your side arrangement. Avoid HIV. >> HIV and Concurrent Relationships, PSI, Kenya>> TITLE: PSI and the government of Kenya address this issue head-on through a groundbreaking communications campaign: "Mpango wa Kando." >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI [Director, National AIDS/STD Control Program]: Forty-four percent of new HIV infections are attributed to people who are either married or are in partnerships. These people in partnerships also have other partners, who also have other partners, who are not using condoms. And therefore, the chance that in that network somebody has HIV -- it spreads like bushfire to the rest of the families.>> TITLE: Your spare wheel could have a spare wheel who has a spare wheel who has a spare wheel who has HIV. HIV now spreads fastest in marriages. Here's the reason why. >> JIMMI GATHU: I must admit that one of the things that surprised me was the aspect of also women playing a part in it. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: We got a strong voice, people said, "No, no, no, you are condemning men only. Women also do that." So we made some TV spots for women as well. >> JIMMI GATHU: Mama, how are you? So you are in an outing of your woman self help group? So that man standing next to you is definitely not your husband, right? Do you know research shows nearly half of all new HIV infections are happening in marriages like yours?>> ERICK WAGA [Research Consultant for PSI]: Concurrent partnership really is a great factor in the spread of HIV because you find that these people, when they have these partners, trust comes in. So you find that these partners stop using condoms throughout all the partners. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI [HIV Deputy Director, PSI]: PSI Kenya started to take on the campaign boldly, because primarily there are very few organizations that do national level mass media communications.>> TITLE: Giving Kenya something to talk about. >> TONY NJUGUNA [Creative Director, SCANAD]: For this particular brief it became quite an interesting angle for social marketing. We?ve got a social responsibility to improve the lives of the people that we are trying to talk to.>> TITLE: Social marketing (so shel mar kit ing) n. 1. The application of marketing concepts and techniques to influence behavior among a target audience in order to benefit themselves and society. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI: We pre-tested various concepts, various taglines, various names and eventually we came up with Mpango wa Kando, which was what people felt describes this loving, long-term side relationship.>> JIMMI GATHU: Somebody needed to say something. And so we did. Shock transmits, then, to how important this campaign is. >> TONY NJUGUNA It makes sense, it's logical, and I think that's what really made the campaign work: that it's real; it's a social message. >> TITLE: Sparking conversations in the community. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: The Mpango wa Kando campaign is obviously achieving its goal. Part of the goal was to start a debate, so you'll hear people discuss it in pubs, in family outings, in the church. These things were never discussed. >> TOM NGARAGARI [Behavior Change Communication Coordinator]: They identify with the campaign, and then now the discussion starts. The good thing is that they are coming together and talking about it and finding solutions to it. >> TITLE: Moving forward...>> LUCY MAIKWEKI: Looking at what will motivate people now to move from awareness to actual behavior change. >> TITLE: ...to prevent HIV/AIDS. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: If you look around, all families, all Kenyans, don't want HIV. You cannot talk about the issue of HIV and not talk about concurrent partnerships. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI: For me, success in the long term for this campaign would be lower HIV prevalence amongst people in married, co-habiting relationships.>> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: It's something that cannot be done overnight, it's something that we need to work on until it becomes a social norm change that discourages people from having concurrent multiple partnerships.>> TITLE: ViewChange>> DEBRA MESSING: Thanks to prevention and treatment, the global rate of new HIV infections has dropped by 25 percent between 2001 and 2009. Around the world, we?re learning lessons from innovators in every sector. We?re learning to adopt messages that equate change with something everyone wants -- a happier life. We?re learning to invest in local talent, because they know how to reach their neighbors and what motivates them to change. And on the soccer field -- or at the hair salon -- we learn that reinforcing the right messages about HIV/AIDS is making a difference. >> VOICEOVER: Want to learn more about HIV treatment, prevention, or anything else you saw here? Head over to ViewChange.org/TV, where you can watch, read, and get involved in projects that are making a real difference. Watch the films you just saw, and over 350 more from around the world, at ViewChange.org/TV.>> TITLE: [End Credits]>> TITLE: A co-production of Population Services International and Link TV. To read about PSI's HIV prevention programs around the world, visit www.psi.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/hiv-and-concurrent-relationships In Kenya, one specific behavior is playing a major role in the transmission of HIV: concurrent sexual partnerships. PSI and the Government of Kenya address this issue head-on through a groundbreaking communications campaign. Mon, 25 Jul 2011 09:23:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/hiv-and-concurrent-relationships Kenya, Health, HIV, Behavior Change Communication, Sub-Saharan Africa, AIDS, AIDS pandemic, Public health, Population Services International >> JIMMI GATHU ["Mpango wa Kando" Spokesperson]: Are you married? So you're sitting with your husband, right? Do you know if he has a girlfriend?>> TITLE: Roughly 33 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, twenty million plus in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, one behavior is playing a major role in transmission: concurrent sexual partnerships. >> JIMMI GATHU: There is only one way to stop HIV from destroying your marriage. It's simple. Guys, leave your side arrangement. Avoid HIV. >> TITLE: PSI and the government of Kenya address this issue head-on through a groundbreaking communications campaign: "Mpango wa Kando." >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI [Director, National AIDS/STD Control Program]: Forty-four percent of new HIV infections occur in people who are either married or are in partnerships. These people in partnerships also have other partners, who also have other partners, who are not using condoms. And therefore, the chance that in that network somebody has HIV -- it spreads like brushfire to the rest of the families.>> TITLE: Your spare wheel could have a spare wheel who has a spare wheel who has a spare wheel who has HIV. HIV now spreads fastest in marriages. Here's the reason why. >> JIMMI GATHU ["Mpango wa Kando" Spokesperson]: I must admit that one of the things that surprised me was the aspect of also women playing a part in it. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: We got a strong voice, people said, "No, no, no, you are condemning men only. Women also do that." So we made some TV spots for women as well. >> JIMMI GATHU: Mama, how are you? So you are in an outing of your woman self help group? So that man standing next to you is definitely not your husband, right? Do you know research shows nearly half of all new HIV infections are happening in marriages like yours?>> ERICK WAGA [Research Consultant for PSI]: Concurrent partnership really is a great factor in the spread of HIV because you find that these people, when they have these partners, trust comes in. So you find that these partners stop using condoms throughout all the partners. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI [HIV Deputy Director, PSI]: PSI Kenya started to take on the campaign boldly, because primarily there are very few organizations that do national level mass media communications.>> TITLE: Giving Kenya something to talk about. >> TONY NJUGUNA [Creative Director, SCANAD]: For this particular brief it became quite an interesting angle for social marketing. We?ve got a social responsibility to improve the lives of the people that we are trying to talk to.>> TITLE: Social marketing (so shel mar kit ing) n. 1. The application of marketing concepts and techniques to influence behavior among a target audience in order to benefit themselves and society. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI: We pre-tested various concepts, various taglines, various names and eventually we came up with Mpango wa Kando, which was what people felt describes this loving, long-term side relationship.>> JIMMI GATHU: Somebody needed to say something. And so we did. Shock transmits, then, to how important this campaign is. >> TONY NJUGUNA It makes sense, it's logical, and I think that's what really made the campaign work: that it's real; it's a social message. >> TITLE: Sparking conversations in the community. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: The Mpango wa Kando campaign is obviously achieving its goal. Part of the goal was to start a debate, so you'll hear people discuss it in pubs, in family outings, in the church. These things were never discussed. >> TOM NGARAGARI [Behavior Change Communication Coordinator]: They identify with the campaign, and then now the discussion starts. The good thing is that they are coming together and talking about it and finding solutions to it. >> TITLE: Moving forward...>> LUCY MAIKWEKI: Looking at what will motivate people now to move from awareness to actual behavior change. >> TITLE: ...to prevent HIV/AIDS. >> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: If you look around, all families, all Kenyans, don't want HIV. You cannot talk about the issue of HIV and not talk about concurrent partnerships. >> LUCY MAIKWEKI: For me, success in the long term for this campaign would be lower HIV prevalence amongst people in married, co-habiting relationships.>> DR. NICHOLAS MURAGURI: It's something that cannot be done overnight, it's something that we need to work on until it becomes a social norm change that discourages people from having concurrent multiple partnerships. >> TITLE: PSI. Healthy lives. Measurable results. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/scaling-up-male-circumcision Male circumcision is a cost-effective procedure that reduces the risk of HIV infection in men by 60 percent. At scale, circumcision programs can play a major role in reducing the spread of HIV. Dialogue and communication are key to these men who have undergone the procedure. Mon, 25 Jul 2011 08:23:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/scaling-up-male-circumcision Sub-Saharan Africa, Circumcision, Health, HIV, Africa, AIDS, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, Swaziland >> TITLE: PSI Botswana's Male Circumcision Campaign - TV Spot>> VOICEOVER: All right team: remember, we have to work at winning this match as a team. Circumcision cannot win this match alone. He needs the help of all of the defenders to keep HIV from scoring. >> TITLE: Men in Sub-Saharan Africa are choosing male circumcision (MC), a cost-effective method that reduces the risk of HIV infection in men by 60 percent. Beginning in 2007, PSI launched an unprecedented MC campaign supporting service delivery, communications, and advocacy efforts in Botswana, Kenya, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. These are the stories of men and families being impacted by male circumcision. >> FUNGAI CHIBAYA [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: My name is Fungai. Near where I stay, there is a very big billboard encouraging male circumcision, so I just decided one day that I should do it. I'm shaking a little bit, like goosebumps. I think the procedure is going to go well.>> TITLE: PSI provides pre- and post-procedure counseling in countries where male circumcision is offered. >> FUNGAI CHIBAYA: I've learned a lot about male circumcision. They say it has a 60 percent chance of HIV reduction. >> TAKAVINGWA KOMBONI [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: My name is Takavingwa Komboni. My wife encouraged me to come to MC because she actually thought it would be good for me to be circumcised. Some of my friends said, "You can go at your own risk." I'm curious to know what's going to happen after I'm circumcised. >> SYMPATHY MPOFU [Clinical MC Nurse, Swaziland]: The local anesthesia is given to assist him in reducing pain during the surgical procedure. The procedure starts with the doctor cutting and removing the foreskin. Afterwards we dress the patient with gauze. Then the patient is escorted to the recovery room to recover for 30 minutes. >> TAKAVINGWA KOMBONI: As you can see, I am now coming out of the theater room. The circumcision is over, and I feel like a man. It has been very good, and it is not as painful as I thought.>> FUNGAI CHIBAYA: The whole procedure was just fine. >> TITLE: Changing perceptions, one person at a time. >> JABULANI NCUBE [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: One of the best benefits is the reduction of the HIV/AIDS transmission rate. That gave me the zeal to go for it. I felt it would be the best opportunity for me to prevent myself, and the person that I love, from contracting such infections. >> STEVEN CHIKOMBERO [MC Client, Zimbabwe]: I've since introduced some of my team members to be circumcised. Everyone now knows that I'm proud to be circumcised. >> TITLE: Women are important partners in this process.>> KUDZAISHE CHIFAMBA [MC Client, Zimbabwe]; It opens up dialogue within the relationship, which is not common in our environment. >> MOLEBOGENG MADISHA [South Africa]: So this is both of our decision, and I decided to accompany him as a support system. I also heard about the importance of male circumcision. >> TITLE: Communication is key to male circumcision scale up. >> JABULANI NCUBE: What I learned is that people are not well educated. They have a belief that it's cultural.>> KUDZAISHE CHIFAMBA: Dialogue needs to spread further than just young couples. >> TITLE: By bringing services to scale within the next 10 to 20 years, male circumcision could significantly reduce the number of new HIV infections. >> JABULANI NCUBE: It is the right channel to reduce the HIV/AIDS pandemic in our nation.>> TITLE: Effective communication. High quality service delivery. Thirty-eight million by 2015: scale up male circumcision now, impact the future of HIV. >> STEVEN CHIKOMBERO: A lot of things have changed in my life. Besides the confidence that I have, I also feel much more secure.>> TITLE: PSI. Healthy lives. Measurable results. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/element-monica Monica Carrillo is furiously blazing a trail for young Afro-Peruvian women in Lima. As a poet, performer, activist, and teacher, she is teaching the next generation to fight racism through self-confidence and knowledge. Thu, 21 Jul 2011 08:24:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/element-monica Peru, Gender, Afro-Peruvian, Millennium Development Goals, Education, Health, Lima, Gender equality, tve, Element: Action on Earth >> TITLE: Element>> TITLE: Lima, Peru>> MONICA CARRILLO: I am going to guess what is in your mind. Do you want to see me, to touch me, to f*** me? You want me to be your queen for one day, and your slave for the rest of my life? It?s a lie, only a lie, just a lie. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goal #3: Promote gender equality and empower women>> MONICA CARRILLO: When I am in the street, people say that my vagina is like rubber. People say, ?black?, ?f***ing n*****?, or ?monkey.? I want to show another point of view about Afro-descendant people. >> RADIO PRESENTER: I am proud to present one of our representatives of the fusion of different rhythms and cultures. How are you Monica? Good morning and welcome. >> MONICA CARRILLO: Thanks very much for the invitation. >> RADIO PRESENTER: Do you think there is still a lot to do in distinguishing between racism and sexism? >> MONICA CARRILLO: Actually sexism towards women is related to racism. >> MONICA CARRILLO: I think it is important for women to have the opportunity to know other women who are working, who are studying, who are fighting. Because if you are living in poor conditions, you don?t have other points of view on life. This is one of the most dangerous places in Lima. People have guns, people sell drugs. Girls are getting married or pregnant very young, maybe aged thirteen or fourteen, because they think that having sex is their unique possibility to get a better life. If we enter their lives now, we can stop the process. >> TITLE: Afro-Peruvian kids? workshop>> MONICA CARRILLO: They are going to use the mask to express their feelings that maybe they don?t have the possibility of expressing in other situations. >> GIRL 1: My name is Carina and I would like to be a model. >> MONICA CARRILLO: Girls express that they are not happy with their body, with their race, with their face. >> GIRL 1: When I look at myself in the mirror I tell myself I am not very pretty or very ugly but I am fat. >> MONICA CARRILLO: They are suffering a lot because they are not white.>> MONICA CARRILLO: And you eyes? What color are your eyes? >> GIRL 2: My eyes are blue, I have short hair and I like to dance. >> GIRL 3: When I look in the mirror I feel sad that I am not able to do the things I want to do. >> MONICA CARRILLO: Through the masks they can express a life that maybe they?re not living at this moment. >> GIRL 3: When I am older I want to be a lawyer and I want to be more cool because my self esteem is -- I am very boring. >> MONICA CARRILLO: With masks they can recognize their face, their big lips and start to love themselves. >> MONICA CARRILLO: What we want is for the masks to become our own face so that we don?t need the mask anymore to be happy and have the life we want. >> MONICA CARRILLO: This is a process. This is a long process. But if you can find one indicator that they are hoping for another kind of life, that?s a good point. If children and teenagers have more self-confidence, that means we have better health conditions and fewer girls will get pregnant very young. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goal #5: Improve maternal health>> TITLE: Millennium Development Goal #4: Reduce child mortality>> MONICA CARRILLO: I think a woman can dance, can show her body, but with power. I have the power to show my body because I am using it as a way to express myself. I am Monica. I have two, or three, or six identities. I can?t decide on any one identity, I can only decide to promote human rights. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goals: eight goals for a better world by 2015. Every one counts. www.element-tv.net. Element. For more information, please visit http://www.tve.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/why-women-count-south-africa-finding-grace Seventy-four year-old Ma Grace Masuku is a community health worker with a mission. She works with young women in South Africa's rural areas, passing on the traditional knowledge she learned from her grandmother to encourage entrepreneurship and self-respect. Wed, 06 Jul 2011 10:06:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/why-women-count-south-africa-finding-grace South Africa, Education, Africa, Poverty reduction, Gender, Change Makers, Poverty, Health, LinkTV Picks, tve >> TITLE: Why Women Count>> TITLE: South Africa has one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. Yet, 150 women are raped every day and one in five young women die of AIDS.>> MA GRACE MASUKU: You know, we are so rural, if we don't just stand up and do things for ourselves, we will die. >> TITLE: Finding Grace>> MALE RADIO PRESENTER: In New York City, as we approach twelve noon, you are tuned to listener-supported, commercial-free community radio WBAI.>> FEMALE RADIO PRESENTER: Our guest, Ma Grace Masuku, is a widely recognized traditionalist, environmentalist, and community worker. Ma Grace, welcome to Global Medicine Review.>> MA GRACE MASUKU: Thanks. I come from South Africa, and in South Africa when you grow up you grow up with the grandmothers. As people got more sophisticated and educated I remembered my grandmother. And I said, "I'm not going to die without [passing on] this education." So I started what I call traditional conservation clubs in schools. Come closer and have a look at this. This is the best measles cure you have on this earth. It gets all the viruses and all the bacteria out of your system. I think in the past we had our hands tied, because we were not allowed to think. We had to toe the line all the time. But today you can do anything. >> TEACHER: You may start typing.>> MA GRACE MASUKU: Women have come out now with mighty talents that we did not think of. That's your main challenge. The challenge is to create sustainable livelihoods. I bring women together and we hear from other women about what they are doing in their communities. We tap into the experience of the women there -- what they do best. And what is important is that it's not something that she copied, it's something within her culture. These women, without a salary from anyone, are running this road safety creche. And they are dipping into their own pension money to keep the creche running. They give the children food. They wash the children. That is the most significant thing about these women. They are just wonderful. They are just wonderful. Mrs. Mbeki asked us to start what she calls a caravan where we go into a community and stay for a time, to help them start projects. It is always the woman who brings light. This is the sign of the sun and the moon and this home has got light. And then when the projects are firm and we can see that they are well established, then we can move on to another province. Because that is the only way you are going to fight poverty and unemployment in South Africa. I don't think there is any other country that has even passed a law that encourages everybody to have women as entrepreneurs, as whatever.>> MALE RADIO PRESENTER: Well, we're slowly winding down here. Ma Grace, please, any closing words for us?>> MA GRACE MASUKU: When you come to South Africa, don't come as a tourist. Come to the village! Let me take you to other old women. Get exposed to Africa itself. Sit with us in the evening and see how we mentor the young children and prove to you that what I say is not myth, and that Africa is still Africa.>> MALE RADIO PRESENTER: You've been listening to our special guest from South Africa, Ma Grace Masuku.>> TITLE: [End credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/phela-life Living with HIV presents daunting challenges to prospective parents. This intimate portrait of an expectant mother in Lesotho follows her brave journey as she carefully follows prevention protocols before, during, and after giving birth -- and goes on to teach others. Fri, 01 Jul 2011 08:21:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/phela-life Lesotho, Health, HIV, Vertical transmission, AIDS, Southern Africa, Maternal health, Sundance Institute, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation >> TITLE: Phela (Life)>> TITLE: In Lesotho, southern Africa, almost 25 percent of the population is infected with HIV. Because of medical advances, community outreach, and education, people are not only living with HIV, they are having healthy children.>> TITLE: Thato is a treatment literacy trainer with an NGO in Lesotho. She uses film to discuss HIV and maternal Health issues.>> THATO MATSOSO: The film is about to start. Please come in. My name is Thato Matsoso. Some of you know me already. I came to talk with you. I don't normally talk about my own life, right? Since you've known me, I never have. But today I come with a film to share my personal journey.>> TITLE: Thato's Story. In 2006, Thato and her husband had their first child, a baby boy.>> THATO MATSOSO: He was very handsome. Very, very handsome. He just got sick, until one day I decided to take an HIV test. For him. And the results were positive. So that is when we realized that the baby was HIV positive. And that's when we also learned that we were HIV positive as well. So the baby was now very sick. And he passed away. I am not scared of having a baby. Yes, I'm not. I planned the baby. I didn't just ... we didn't just do the baby, like the first one. But this one we planned and the doctor was involved. And I knew what to do during my pregnancy, what to eat, what supplements to use. And I know what the baby will get, that the baby will get after being born, and I also know what kind of ARVs I have to get as well, so that the baby will be okay. >> TITLE: Thato will deliver her baby at a hospital in South Africa, where health care professionals are experienced in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.>> DOCTOR: See, it's a boy. You have to give him this particular medication. It is an ARV for babies, to help prevent HIV. You have to give it to him every six hours. Say it's 12 at night, the next dose is due at six in the morning. And so on. So using your cell phone, you can set your alarm, every six hours.>> TITLE: Six weeks later>> THATO MATSOSO: Today we are going to get the baby's results. My baby's results. But all I know is that I took every precaution that I was supposed to take, so I don't know what the results will come out saying, I don't know. The baby's health seems to be okay at the moment. >> DOCTOR: Well, the tests say that he is totally healthy. The test for the antibodies can't tell us for sure if the baby is infected or not. The baby could still have the mother's antibodies. With the PCR test they check for the virus itself. The results arrived yesterday. Dr. Tsili Mosia, the pediatrician, confirmed the results. The PCR is negative.>> THATO MATSOSO: Are you sure? >> DOCTOR: Yes. This is good news.>> TITLE: With careful planning and precautions, Relebohile was born HIV negative; both his parents are HIV positive.>> THATO MATSOSO: The film is over. By showing this film and being here together with you, I really want to encourage young women to keep up your spirits, that there is still life after finding out you are HIV positive. And with whomever you meet, at home, and amongst your friends, you should talk about it.>> WOMAN: We are really delighted with today's session. It uplifts not only young women but also us, the elderly. Honestly, sincerely, this is a big day for me. I am happy. Thank you very much.>> TITLE: Community education and improved health care are important steps towards reducing HIV infection rates in Lesotho. As Thato continues her community work, Relebohile is a perfectly healthy young boy.>> TITLE: [end credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/dear-mothers The extraordinary challenges and hard-won successes around maternal and newborn healthcare in Moba, a region along the shore of Lake Tanganyika in the Democratic Republic of Congo, form the center of this short film about the power of basic maternal health education in saving lives. Thu, 30 Jun 2011 08:30:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/dear-mothers DR Congo, Health, Maternal health, Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, UNICEF, Africa, Reproductive health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sundance Institute >> TITLE: Produced by Diamond Docs >> TITLE: Produced in association with the Sundance Institute Documentary Film Program, for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation>> TITLE: Dear Mothers>> TITLE: Lake Tanganyika, Democratic Republic of Congo>> DR. AMY LEHMAN [Lake Tanganyika Floating Health Clinic]: The main objectives of coming to the DRC are to try to replicate the same sort of system that we?ve begun, which has great momentum in Tanzania. It?s to meet with the appropriate government officials to get the blessing from people both in the ministry of health, but possibly at higher levels as well, and to just learn the similarities and differences between the two major coastlines of Lake Tanganyika.>> TITLE: Along the shores of Lake Tanganyika, access to health care is extremely limited. American surgeon Dr. Amy Lehman is working to change that -- seeking out, creating and fostering sustainable solutions to a health care crisis.>> DR. AMY LEHMAN: Lake Tanganyika is bordered by four countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Burundi and Zambia. It?s the longest lake in the world; it?s the second deepest lake on Earth. It holds 18 percent of the world?s fresh water and ten million people in the basin with three million living directly on the water. >> TITLE: The Democratic Republic of Congo has been devastated by violence and instability. Dr. Lehman and her team know that health care and resources are scarce here, so tracking evidence of what works helps inform their work for the future.>> TITLE: In Moba Port, she met Vincent Mokusa, a farmer who for nine years has organized a community health volunteer group, the ?relais communautaires.? This group educates their peers with practical, simple interventions, including information on when expectant mothers should go to the clinic.>> DR. NGOIE RIGOBERT [Chief Of Medicine, Moba General Hospital]: We call them the ?relais communautaires.? He/she is a volunteer -- someone who sacrifices his or her time for the benefit of the community. >> MUKOBE KABAILA [Volunteer, Relais Communautaire]: What makes me happy is knowing that if I help my people, they?re going to benefit. I would like them to live well, with good health and education.>> URBAIN KATAMBALA [Nurse, Moba General Hospital]: The mothers are in the habit of giving birth at home, but they wait there until the fetus is in trouble or until something goes wrong with the birth and then their family members bring them with complications and we quickly try to save the life of the mother and the child.>> TITLE: Dr. Lehman?s organization engages community workers, like the Relais Communautaire, to help execute their programming.>> DR. AMY LEHMAN: On an early morning, the line at the prenatal clinic proves Vincent?s volunteers are being heard. Meanwhile, his group teaches young mothers how to make a simple porridge, rich in protein and vitamin A, essential for early childhood development. Started by western aid organizations, Vincent?s volunteers teach with the help of a brochure donated by UNICEF, but they operate on their own now without any financial support. >> WOMEN (Singing): Dear mothers: you should increase the food. Eat meat, eggs, fish, and greens. These are good foods for a healthy baby. >> VINCENT MOKUSA [Relais Communautaire]: Whenever we see that people are being helped we feel joy because there will be development, which means the area is changing; the world is changing. >> TITLE: As changes in maternal health care take hold in this community, the future holds not only hope, but also the promise of progress and improved lives. To learn more about these issues, visit www.gatesfoundation.org. For further information about Dr. Lehman?s Lake Tanganyika Project, visit, www.floatingclinic.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-revolutionary-optimists In the slums of Calcutta, children are serving their communities by leading vaccination drives, working together to empower themselves, and safeguard the future of their community. Wed, 29 Jun 2011 10:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-revolutionary-optimists India, Polio, Health, Child, Polio vaccine, Vaccination, Developing country, Slum, Kolkata, Sundance Institute >> TITLE: Polio still haunts parts of the developing world. How can we eradicate it for good? In one Calcutta slum, the children are the answer. >> AMLAN GANGULY [Founder, Prayasam]: When I first went to a slum, the adults say that, "We don't have any time to listen to all this, because we know nothing will happen." So we tried to organize the children, make them peer educators or group leaders, so that they can bring about changes within their own community.>> MAN: I think there are many houses where people go out to work in the morning and return at night. There are children in those homes, but the parents take them along with them. Yet, on their houses too they write "P" and the date. The children there have probably had the vaccine, or have they really had it?>> CHILDREN: No.>> MAN: The problem is with these gaps that are left.>> TITLE: Daredevils Volunteer After-School Club>> MAN: Who are in this group? What will they do? They will go to the Group A area and create awareness. The people who use autos have plenty of money to hire PA systems and spread their message. But we who work here, do we have so much money?>> CHILDREN: No!>> MAN: This is called a megaphone. What is it called?>> CHILDREN: Megaphone.>> GIRL: Listen, listen, listen! This Sunday, we will give a polio vaccine at Ramdhani Club. All of you, please bring your children along!>> BOY: If a person's hand becomes disabled, how can he manage to work the rest of his life? There is not much he will be able to do. In my opinion, no one from my area should be so afflicted.>> MAN: These boys and girls are here. They are working in this area. Alright? You can tell them that you have a problem getting time out from your work. They will help you by taking your children to the club themselves. They will arrange for the children to have the polio drops and then bring them back home. Okay?>> GIRL: Bye-bye.>> AMLAN GANGULY: Previously there was around 40 percent of the children, they go to the vaccination center. Now, there are at least 80 percent people. And, within two-three years, I think that all of RSE children will be vaccinated.>> BOY: We wish to work even harder. We want to visit schools. It would be great if our one day's work can increase the number of children from 75 to 100. Why are they not bringing their children by themselves? They are their children, but they are also our brothers and sisters. It is also our duty and that is why we are insisting on this. Today if we are asked what our self-interest is in doing this? My reply is I don't want my brothers and sisters to be disabled or lame. This is our interest. We shall see to it that the children grow up well.>> TITLE: [end credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/element-madan Madan left his home in Nepal to move to New Delhi for the sole purpose of accessing cheap, powerful drugs. Just as he was on the brink of death, he found a rehabilitation center and got clean. Now he's devoted his life to helping those with HIV and AIDS, and is spreading a message of hope to the younger generation. Fri, 24 Jun 2011 08:04:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/element-madan India, HIV, Millennium Development Goals, HIV positive people, AIDS, Antiretroviral drug, Health, Nepal, New Delhi, tve >> TITLE: Element>> TITLE: Who's counting?>> MADAN KOIRALA: First I'm going to play soccer. I'm going to shoot two goals. Obviously we will win! I have many qualities. I am handsome. I am a role model for the people watching. >> TITLE: Madan>> MADAN KOIRALA: I was a drug user before. My ambition was to use drugs, and die. I am from Nepal. I came to Delhi just to use drugs. One of my friends sent me a message saying the drugs were good in India. I said, "Okay, let's go." I spent all my money. I was totally broke. I thought, "I'm going to die, I can't live any longer." Suddenly, I changed my mind. >> TITLE: New Delhi, India>> MADAN KOIRALA: I got a message that there is a rehab center where we can get treatment, and I said, "Okay," because I am a drug user and I needed treatment. I changed my lifestyle, and in the meantime I met my girlfriend, who is really cute! Life is not only for using drugs, eating food, and sleeping. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goal #6: Stop the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases>> MADAN KOIRALA: Now I am employed at Michael's Care Home, and I have to take care of HIV positive people who need treatment and help. Whether they're HIV positive or not, I always see them as a human being and in need of care and treatment. In India, people think that if you're HIV positive, you've got AIDS and you're going to die soon. Actually they're quite different. "AIDS" means you're sick, but being "HIV positive" just means you have the virus. Still people are very scared. They think that if someone's infected with HIV, we'll get infected too. No, we can't get it through the air, we can't get it from mosquito bites, we can't get it from kissing, and yet still there's all this discrimination. They're made jobless, homeless, and they're kicked out of society. Let them live! There are lots of examples of people who are very sick, and then they take the ARV medicine and live normally. This is anti-retroviral medicine, "ARV" medicine. >> MAN 1: It reduces the multiplication of the virus. >> MADAN KOIRALA: In India, only around twelve thousand people are getting this medicine. But there are over five million people infected with HIV. They should fight for them to get ARV medicine too. We need ARV medicine to be available free to everyone who needs it. Finish! There's something inside me that I can expose to the whole world. I am Madan Koirala, and I am HIV positive. >> TITLE: HIV+>> MADAN KOIRALA: If you look at me, can you make it out that I'm HIV positive? No, no one can tell. >> MADAN KOIRALA: I'll break your camera! >> MADAN KOIRALA: The message for the new generation is: positive living, positive thinking. No discrimination and stigma. There is hope. Now clap your hands, yeah. >> TITLE: Millennium Development Goals: Eight goals for a better world by 2015. Everyone counts. www.element-tv.net>> TITLE: Element. For more information, visit http://www.tve.org http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-dollar-a-day-bombay-jungle Khurshida Bano and her family live in a slum that is being demolished by the government because of its proximity to a national park. Architect P.K. Das works with the Slum Rehabilitation Authority of Bombay to relocate the slum residents. Will they be able to navigate a bureaucratic system filled with corruption to successfully relocate people like Khurshida? Mon, 20 Jun 2011 08:06:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-dollar-a-day-bombay-jungle India, Slum, Governance & Transparency, Water & Sanitation, Mumbai, A Dollar A Day, Poverty reduction, Poverty, Electricity, Economic development >> TITLE: EMF Films and Global Visions & Associates present>> TITLE: A Dollar A Day: Bombay Jungle>> TITLE: A film by Frank Vellenga>> VOICEOVER: Within the city of Bombay, or Mumbai as it is now called, a battle is waging. Like many megacities around the world, as populations grow, space becomes more and more precious. In Bombay, the battle lines are drawn between the "nobodies" and the "somebodies." Ironically, their battlefield is the border area of a vast national park, a hilly area populated by wild animals, and thousands of people who cannot afford to live elsewhere. But now, due to a political decision to reclaim the forest, lifelong squatters are being violently uprooted and forced to move. And unless they can prove they are "somebodies", they have no rights, and no access to shelter and other basic needs.>> MAN 1: The people tried to stop the bulldozers. But they broke our homes. They beat a lot of people. My son also broke his leg. That's what happened.>> MAN 2: On March 27th around 10:30 am the bulldozers came from up there. The people were there by the rim. People from the Congress Party had come. Both men and women had come and formed a human chain. Until about 1 pm they didn't do anything. After that, the police started to beat the people and they started bulldozing. >> P.K. DAS [Architect]: What we have is the city of Mumbai, which is surrounded by sea on almost three sides of it. And you have a profile that then has creeks, and in the heart of it, actually, which is amazing because Mumbai is one such city that has a national park within it, within its boundaries. Now, what is happening is that this national park has been encroached by slums over the years. Some of them have been actually here for over fifty years. The High Court gave a ruling that the national park needs to be protected, and therefore ordered for eviction of over 80,000 families.>> VOICEOVER: Even in the poorest slum areas, systems are created by dwellers to accommodate their basic needs: water, shelter, and a clean spot to relieve themselves. To be evicted from a slum is to be denied even these primal rights.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Here you can still make ends meet. Two square meals a day are what we barely make. We don't have any land back in the village. Nor do we have anything here. Just this house. We depend on this house only. We all live in this house. Where else can we go? Where will we stay? We don't have that much money. We cannot rent a house. We all live together, even with our grandchildren. Our two sons do everything and look after us.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Please, give me a bit of bread.>> P.K. DAS: Sadly, the court did not consider the rehabilitation as being important. That's why housing rights organizations like ours got in the picture of demanding rehabilitation as necessarily being a condition prior to demolition. What we finally did was, we negotiated with a private owner who has a piece of land here. This happens to be an exhausted quarry. This rehabilitation is carried out under the principles of the state government. Three players are responsible. The state government contributes sanctions and other facilities of infrastructure. The private developer brings in the investment required for construction. And you have the community of the slum dwellers who are affected. These three form the alliance of the partnership for the slum's redevelopment.>> RAMESH SHAH [Real Estate Developer]: Here we are going to build three towers with two apartments on each floor. This is also for upper-class people. It is a three or four bedroom apartment. Each apartment is about 200 to 260 square meters in size. The total number of people that can live here is 300 to 400 people can live here basically.>> SUMER SHAH: I have to see it first. Do you understand what I'm trying to tell you?>> VOICEOVER: For Ramesh and his father Sumer, the trade-off for the right to build a luxury apartment complex is to also build low-cost housing for uprooted slum dwellers.>> SUMER SHAH: It is lying with you, what can I tell you? The invitation is with you, so what can I say? Yes, send it to me. My chap is sitting there, so let him take the invitation with him. Yes, send it to me at my residence.>> VOICEOVER: This Bombay "jungle" is not only about the land, it is also about the bureaucratic system that has put the cart before the horse. Long before completing the low-cost housing, bulldozers began the slum demolition, further compromising already shaky living conditions.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: This wall was broken at that time by those bulldozers. The house is totally unbalanced now. It can fall on us any time. This house is not stable anymore. We are staying here at a big risk. The three walls are out of balance, in the living room as well. We are at great risk. We live in fear.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Mohammed, how much did you pay for the chickens? How much did you pay?>> MOHAMMED: It's 60 kilograms.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Have you worked out the calculations?>> MOHAMMED: Let me sell some and we'll see.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: But how will you work it out?>> MOHAMMED: Let the sale happen.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Will we at least break even? We owe people money. How will we manage to get rice and flour?>> MOHAMMED: We will return the money, but let's first earn and then pay back.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: How will we do this? At least work out the logistics.>> MOHAMMED: Let's at least make some sale. We can pay them back once we've made some money. We cannot sell at a loss, you know that.>> SAIRA BANO: Water leaks from everywhere, it's a big problem. I keep vessels here and there. I also cover the roof with plastic, but it is of no use as water seeps in from everywhere. We have been here for a long time now. My husband passed away here. I have two children, they both work. I came here because of my aunt Khurshida, and because of the bad situation in my village. Things were bad there. So I thought why not come to Bombay. Maybe I will be somebody, my kids will have a good life. It was a very poor situation over there. That's why we left.>> TITLE: Chandivali - relocation site for slum dwellers>> P.K. DAS: Look at Mumbai's demography. It's a city of approximately 12 million people. Of the 12 million people approximately 60 percent, that's about 7 to 7.5 million people, live in slums. They constitute the majority of the city's population. Unfortunately, due to lack of planning, we have not provided adequate land for housing of the urban poor.>> RAMESH SHAH: The level is up here. This is seventy-two. This is fifty-nine. The difference is one to one and a half meters.>> P.K. DAS: The idea of clusters, that's what we are working on. In clusters people will live as communities, or as groups together, the way they're used to living in their present areas. Apart from the clusters, we also have little neighborhoods with their own open spaces. Multiple open spaces form the main idea of this plan.>> UJJWAL UKE [CEO, Slum Rehabilitation Authority]: Suppose a railway, a road, or any vital public project has to be built. In such a situation the slum dwellers have to be shifted from that spot to another spot. Here we are having a situation where a whole complex is coming up with various facilities all earmarked for the people of the Sanjay Ghandi National Park. The land is needed by the Forest Department, because encroachments in the forest have to be removed. Instead of keeping them homeless, since these people have been staying here since first January 1995, it is the duty of the government to give them alternative accommodation, as per law.>> P.K. DAS: Let's say this is a slum pocket, filled up with slums. The policy says that the builder, who comes in and re-houses the slum dwellers into a part of this land, provides housing to them. The balance land that is available is then developed and sold in the open market. The profits provide housing for the slum dwellers. This is the logic, the principle. >> UJJWAL UKE: For a period of time the city does need the watchmen, it needs the postmen, the paper deliverymen, the taxi driver. These people can't afford housing of 600 rupees and above. They need houses of a smaller size.>> RAMESH SHAH: In 1990 we started this project. The last two are the end of number one and two Sumer Tower. Then we started with number three and four, and this is number five. I am going to build there also; we've already built Wimlachal Tower. On the next road we are building an identical tower, 22 floors high.>> TITLE: High Court>> VOICEOVER: In order for slum dwellers to be eligible for relocation, there?s a catch -- they have to prove that they?ve lived in the slum since 1995. And in order to prove that, they must verify their identity through official paperwork. The many who cannot produce documentation that proves their status as "somebodies" are caught in a desperate conundrum. Lawyer P.A. Sebastian sees the glaring flaw in a system that defeats the very citizens it relies upon to serve the privileged, and is passionate about helping them get access to their basic needs and fundamental rights as Indians.>> P.A. SEBASTIAN [Lawyer]: There's a system that generates slums. The people who stay in the slums are not responsible for that. The people who denounce them as criminals, trespassers, they are responsible. Their system has generated the slums, because it suits them. It gives them cheap labor and luxury. On 2000 rupees, no person can live in a place of his own which he legally possesses or owns. You can't do that. He has to live. You can demolish their houses because they are illegal. But you can't deport them. If you deport them, if you throw them out of the city, then there is no India. India ceases to exist.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: We did have electricity every now and then, but we do not have a meter here. Sometimes the electricity was given to us directly by the meter people. Then the forest wallahs cut the electricity lines. Now, we haven't had electricity here for three months. Not only in this house. The whole of Krantinagar is without electricity. The Forest people say, "Don't give them water and electricity." Because they are afraid that, once given to these people, they will not move from here anymore.>> VOICEOVER: By denying people shelter, water and electricity, authorities are actually denying their existence. The responsibility is on each individual to prove his or her identity. >> SAIRA BANO: I have to go to that meeting, but I don't have proof of any kind.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Of course you should go there.>> SAIRA BANO: But how?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: You will not achieve anything sitting at home.>> SAIRA BANO: That's true.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: You need a voting card. Otherwise nothing will happen. You have two kids. You really should go there. Now you don't have a ration card and you are not registered.>> SAIRA BANO: But no one ever told me anything. I have no idea what to do.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: You should go there. Otherwise nothing will happen.>> SAIRA BANO: But who will listen to me?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Sitting at home, nobody will give you a house. Nobody is going to say, "Here is a house." You have to make an effort. >> VOICEOVER: People who have lost their papers, like Saira, feel so disenfranchised that the extra efforts that have to be made seem overwhelming.>> P.A. SEBASTIAN: They always complain. Residents have no place to walk on the sidewalk because trespassers, illegal occupants, occupy it. They say that the people in the slums pollute the air, and citizens can't breath good air, fresh air, clean air. Which means: They are citizens and residents, but the people in the slums are not citizens and residents. In the last three months not much progress has been made, but in Chandivali houses are being built. How many houses are being built there?>> MAN: Around 16,000 houses is the target. Of which 8,000 will be allocated as soon as possible.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: They have taken the money from us, by fooling us.>> P.A. SEBASTIAN: You can say this in court: That it is has been three months now, and there is still no water or electricity.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: I don't think the court will listen to us. The city just couldn't give us water and electricity. After we paid them, they came to threaten us.>> MAN: They think that you will refuse to move out when they give you water and electricity.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: How can we move away from here when we have nowhere to go?>> VOICEOVER: P.A. Sebastian encourages his clients to keep fighting for their rights and to be sure their papers are in order. Khurshida and Saira heed his advice by checking their status at the Rehousing Registration Office. >> TITLE: Rehousing Registration Office>> KHURSHIDA BANO: These are my papers.>> MAN: Your number is 715.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: That's right.>> MAN: Where is your voting number?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: The voting list is here. There is one from 1990 and one from 1992.>> MAN: And 1995?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: We voted then, but we don't have a receipt of that.>> MAN: Where is the 1995's voting receipt?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: I think this is 1990.>> MAN: There is a verdict by the judge. They will check whether you're on 1995's list as well. You have 1990, but do you have 1995's voting number?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: We have made an application for that.>> SAIRA BANO: My house was demolished, but I rebuilt it. I still live there.>> MAN: Have you paid money?>> SAIRA BANO: Money?>> MAN: To the Forestry people?>> SAIRA BANO: No.>> MAN: But you have a number?>> SAIRA BANO: My papers are -->> MAN: Did they put a number on your house? Even though bulldozers ruined it, you had to remember the number. The Forest guys gave a number to every house. That is, put it in their register. This authorizes a person to a house.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: During the tear down of our homes, there were a lot of police that beat us. They broke all the pots and pans into little pieces. >> MAN: This is forest land. You don't have any rights. The court decided: 1995.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: But they did not even listen to the court. They just started bulldozing. People have died. When Shabana came, they stopped. Thanks to the support we got, we are still here.>> MAN: Listen to what I have to say: I don't want anything from you. When your house is demolished, we will give you a new accommodation. We do it in a different way than the people of the Forestry Department. The Forestry people collected 7,000 rupees and filled their pockets. Their attitude is, "Just drop dead.">> KHURSHIDA BANO: I will look for them. I need those papers to take care of everything. Here they are. These papers need to be laminated. Will you keep an eye on the place?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: I would like to have these two documents laminated. How much will it cost?>> MAN: Twenty rupees.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: When can I get them back?>> MAN: In fifteen minutes. You really have to take care of these papers.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Yes, that's why I'm having them laminated.>> P.K. DAS: We opposed forced evictions. We demanded that a viable or an acceptable rehabilitation scheme must precede eviction. People have not merely come here to just get a house. They have come to work in the city and earn their living, which they can't earn back in their villages. So it's a question of livelihood. They can't be displaced from their income. It is a basic human right.>> SIGN: Slum Rehabilitation Authority - Reception>> UJJAWAL UKE: The Chief Secretary has given an affidavit in the High Court, and I will also be making an affidavit. Next week we meet and we take a final decision on this matter, because I don't think I can afford any further delays on this project.>> P.K. DAS: But Mr. Uke, this is a very unique example and -- one second. Let's discuss a few larger issues. This is a very unique project. It is a very interesting tripartite. This is going to be a model example for slum rehabilitation, at the same time, clearing up an area of the national park, which needs to be protected.>> UJJWAL UKE: In the past we've always had the SRA and the developer, the SRA and the NGO. This is the first time the three of us have come together for the benefit of the citizens of this city.>> VOICEOVER: While striving to reach their common goal in this unique joint project, tensions arise as each representative protects his organizational interests. Meanwhile, the community continues to wait for decisions to be made.>> MOHAMMED: 250 grams costs you twenty rupees.>> MAN: Give him five rupees. Are you happy now?>> VOICEOVER: As project delays continue, the slums also continue to expand, reaching deeper into the national forest and clashing with its wild inhabitants.>> SIGN: Wild animals in forests dislike sound of mobiles. Please switch off your mobile>> ASHOK KHOT [Ministry of Forestry]: By the end of March we have to remove them. Before that we removed already 20,000 encroachments. All these 60,000 people, when they encroached, along with them the dogs came, the chickens came. Then sheep, goats, then cows, buffalo, all these animals came. Leopards, like any animal, if they can get an easy prey, and for leopards the dog is one of the easiest preys. There were a number of dogs in the area where the attacks were taking place. About fourteen incidents of leopard attacks have taken place, in June. A lot of these attacks were taking place only in a remote place and late at night. I don't think anyone should enter in the forest. In another case, an early morning walker, he went into the deep forest at three o'clock in the morning. He was trying to do yoga. That is not a place to do yoga. Unfortunately he was killed while sitting there. This leopard doesn't attack a large animal, or a man who's walking. If a person is sitting, or if a small child is there, then he doesn't see the difference between a human being and an animal. He wants his prey, so it attacks. It is not the leopard's fault. It is the human being that is encroaching. The men, they're at fault.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: We are the residents of India. We have a right to be here. Everywhere in India, in Maharashtra, Delhi, Calcutta. Since we are born in India, we have every right to stay anywhere freely. Who are these people from the Forest Department to tell us to leave? Is it the property of the people from the Forest Department by birth? Indira Gandhi said India belongs to us all. We made her Prime Minister. She said that the whole of India is ours. Who are these Forest Department people to say that this land belongs to them? Has God decided that?>> WOMAN 1: They release tigers.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: And now our children suffer.>> WOMAN 2: These tigers are not from a circus. The Forestry people release them. There are a lot of tigers there. One tiger is enough to frighten people. They deliberately starve the tiger to death, so that it will attack.>> MAN: We all come from Krantinagar. Our neighborhood has been destroyed. This new housing project is taken shape under supervision of the Nivara Association. These clusters are numbered from one to six. A cluster consists of 16 buildings. On each floor there are seven apartments. The work starts early in the morning. Bamboo scaffolds are there for plastering that starts tomorrow. This means that 80 percent of the work is completed. Please, follow me.>> VOICEOVER: Ramesh pushes to complete the luxury towers. He is doubly invested in finishing them, since he and his father will profit greatly from them and will also live there themselves.>> RAMESH SHAH: This is going to be my living room, and this is going to be my dining. For formal occasions. This is going to be a guest room. This is going to be a regular dining room. A regular dining room for every day. This is going to be for every day and formal dinners over there. The view is excellent. From the Oberoi Hotel to Narriman Point you can see the buildings. I am going to stay here myself also. Nowadays I am staying with my parents. After all, my father is the owner of the house. So, I am going to stay with him. He is not going to stay with me.>> VOICEOVER: While Ramesh makes the luxury building construction his priority, Khurshida and her community must wait, and wait, and wait.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Sonu, please get me some milk and tea.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: They gave us false hope. They keep on saying we're getting a house soon, but we've been waiting five years. How much longer? We should be informed, for the sake of the future of our children. How much longer will it take? Today they say this, the next day something different. I really don't understand it anymore. I might go crazy here.>> MAN: The mafia and the police are in it together. Both knew precisely to whom this land belonged. Listen to me. Whose place is this? The police. Why would a cop want to sell this place? The mafia and the police let us build our home after taking a bribe from us. I'm telling you the truth.>> SAIRA BANO: We stay until we are being kicked out. When they start to demolish, we will see. Until then we will stay and live here. I don't have any other place to go anyway.>> SIGN: Slum Rehabilitation Authority, Fifth floor>> UJJWAL UKE: This is a joint scheme between the NGO, the developer, and the slum dwellers. You can say this is an agreement between us and the developer. Certain payments have to be made; on behalf of the developer, we are making these payments. We'll receive the check. But you have to pay this gentleman. There he is.>> P.K. DAS: Speaking about the devil.>> UJJWAL UKE: Come in. We were talking about certain things, which was short. Keep it off the record, please. While in this transition, we were talking about certain things, which I'm not officially supposed to tell.>> RAMESH SHAH: Mr. Das, this project we started in 2003. You know you too have to pay money sometimes. Why are you taking so much time? Because of this, the project is delayed.>> P.K. DAS: I'm sorry Ramesh; this decision to delay the project has arbitrarily been taken by you. Let me complete. I'm sorry to intervene.>> RAMESH SHAH: One second. We are talking about money from March and from January.>> P.K. DAS: I've got your point. You have arbitrarily decided to delay the project. This project is not singularly yours. This is a State Government approved scheme in the larger public interest, for the social priority of clearing the National Park and to start rehabilitation.>> RAMESH SHAH: You are saying, I am a developer. So what's that question about misleading?>> P.K. DAS: One second. The contribution that the slum dwellers are going to make is not for the total value of the project. It is less than about 10 percent of the total value of the project.>> UJJWAL UKE: My only concern is, we have to go on with the project, it has to be completed.>> P.K. DAS: We have come to an understanding.>> UJJWAL UKE: You have to narrow down the differences.>> RAMESH SHAH: And you pay! That's all. That's my only request.>> UJJWAL UKE: I believe that now, that you've narrowed down your differences.>> RAMESH SHAH: From their account, already, from my pocket, I have paid.>> UJJWAL UKE: I would not like to go into whatever your accounting differences are. My only request and desire is that you narrow down the differences and come down to a level by which you can see eye to eye, and start the project in earnest.>> VOICEOVER: Of course, all of this infighting eventually lands on those waiting to be relocated, year after year.>> RAMESH SHAH: That's not the issue. Okay, okay. I'll get back to you by the evening.>> VOICEOVER: Although Saira has not yet been able to qualify for relocation, she still has hopes that she can come through, for the sake of her children.>> SAIRA BANO: Our dream is to get a house, so we could all live there. My children are afraid that their mother will die just like their father. Once I can get my two children to marry, I can die peacefully.>> RAMESH SHAH: For slum people this location is too expensive. People are squatting here on the sidewalks. In principle, it is very costly to live here. Today the squatters are not paying anything for maintenance, for electricity. They are not paying any water taxes. They will have to start paying the water taxes and the electricity and all. Today they are getting it all for free.>> VOICEOVER: Expressing an attitude that is felt throughout the world, Ramesh represents the "haves," who simply don?t want to see those "have-nots." Not in their neighborhoods, not in development deals, nor anywhere in their community, except when they are needed to perform a service. But even if Saira?s dream is invisible, she is not. Nor are the basic needs of millions like her, regardless of their official status.>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Come, I'll show you the apartment that they're going to give me. I've seen it once already. It's in here. It's from here on. You can go in here. Come along, we're going inside.>> SAIRA BANO: Is there no door?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: This is the living room and this is the kitchen. This is the toilet.>> SAIRA BANO: But the toilet in the kitchen? Isn't that unhygienic?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: There will be an extra door. And there's a tap and all.>> SAIRA BANO: Two doors?>> KHURSHIDA BANO: Here you can open the doors and air it out.>> VOICEOVER: While Khurshida has a chance to step out of poverty, Saira?s future remains in question. When her home is bulldozed, where will she go? Without an official identity, the system that needs her labor denies her existence. She has no rights -- not to shelter, water, or electricity. Certainly not to her dream. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/child-survival-reaching-the-poorest-women-and-children-in-bangladesh Concern Worldwide's Child Survival Program has revolutionized maternal and child health by utilizing established local leaders to spread knowledge throughout the communities about how to access hospitals and healthcare. It has laid a foundation within the community and with local actors that is saving lives on a grassroots level. Fri, 17 Jun 2011 12:42:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/child-survival-reaching-the-poorest-women-and-children-in-bangladesh Bangladesh, Health, Gender, Concern Worldwide, Pregnancy, Education, Maternal health, Saidpur, Rajshahi Division, Healthcare, Public health >> VOICEOVER: In the backstreet of a slum in the north of Bangladesh, children play the chicken game. They hop and kick a stone for as long as they can without falling over. Nothing unusual here, except if it wasn't for a groundbreaking health program from Concern Worldwide these children wouldn't be alive. In Bangladesh, one in every dozen children dies before school age. But the odds against surviving are even worse in the most deprived areas of the overcrowded cities. Here almost one in seven young children die because health care just doesn't reach the majority of those living in absolute poverty. That's what Concern Worldwide is changing. Ten years has been spent developing the Child Survival Program, and it's transforming healthcare for some of the world's poorest people.>> TITLE: Concern Worldwide (U.S.) INC. Child Survival: Reaching the poorest women and children >> VOICEOVER: Saving the lives of children means aiming the program at pregnant women, mothers, and babies too. And in the areas where the project is working it's significantly reducing what had been a very high death rate in childbirth and the first five years of life. >> DR. YEASMIN CHANDANA [Maternity Unit]: I've been working for 22 years, and fewer children are dying. The number of neo-natal deaths and the infant mortality rate has decreased from previously. >> VOICEOVER: So how's it being done? Remarkably Concern isn't actually treating anyone, or providing the medicines and equipment in the way that most development projects work. New ground is being broken with a completely new approach: investing time, expertise and encouragement to persuade communities in this part of Bangladesh to improve healthcare for themselves. >> MICHELLE KOULETIO [Health Advisor, Concern Worldwide US]: When the program first started, we looked at where the poorest people were going for advice related to health services. They weren't going to the doctors; they weren't going to nurses. They were going to homeopaths, local pharmacists, and mother in laws. So the program really starts by working with them. >> VOICEOVER: Concern is working with leaders in religion and politics. This is Friday Prayers, and the Imam is about to give health advice, passing on what Concern has encouraged him to learn. The project has reached into the very heart of the life of the region.>> MOHAMMED ZOBAYER [Imam]: Before I got training from the program, the lives of mothers and babies were very much at risk. They often died. In those days, when they came to me for help I would simply give them Holy Water. They would drink it and we believed it would be enough. Now we're all aware of what needs to be done. >> VOICEOVER: The project has taught those who've traditionally been the first port of call for the sick what medical help is available and how to send people to get it.>> DR. ALI AHMED KHAN [Homeopath]: Concern in Bangladesh gave me three days training. They invited all the homeopaths when they started the program here. They covered things like vaccinations, pneumonia, and diarrhea in babies. It has really helped a lot. Now when people come to me with diarrhea or pneumonia I treat them, but if they aren't better quickly I send them to hospital with a letter. They are admitted swiftly and lives are saved. >> VOICEOVER: Here's another life saved. Facilities in this hospital are limited but this boy is getting treatment for pneumonia, which has been one of the biggest killers. And he's getting help because a homeopath sent him here. The community has been mobilized with an army of health volunteers, a network of people like Jasmine who go from home to home offering advice. They've been given training by instructors who were trained by Concern, and it means mothers are being reached too. >> JASMINE AKHTAR [Health Volunteer]: I've been given a lot of training. How to care for mothers and babies better, how to treat the conditions that mothers and babies suffer from, basic health messages for the mothers, such as keeping the baby safe and keeping them and their things clean. We were also given training on diarrhea, cholera, birth control and vaccinations. >> RAHENA BEGUM [Mother]: Two days before my baby was due I was bleeding and in pain. I rang Jasmine on her mobile and asked her for help. It was midnight, but she came. Jasmine arranged everything, and within an hour I was in hospital. I needed blood and I had the baby at half past one. If it hadn't been for the program I would have been in serious trouble. My life was in danger. But because of the program I got the help I needed. >> JASMINE AKHTAR: Before the program began a lot of mothers and babies died in pregnancies like this. Before this, people didn't go to hospital to get help. The death rate has fallen since we started work. People are more aware about children and mothers' health. >> VOICEOVER: The youth have been engaged too. This play about polio encourages vaccinations against preventable diseases, promotes healthy and safe pregnancies, and gives advice on good hygiene. The local Ward Health Committee organizes them, groups of the great and the good set up throughout the cities. They are the champions of the Child Survival Program, pushing for more and better healthcare.>> SHAHEEN AKHTAR [Councilor, Saidpur]: This is our commitment to the community. It's now in my manifesto that the healthcare system must be improved. I promised that if they gave me the opportunity I would be a good leader. The budget for healthcare is now more than it was before the project began, but it's still not enough. We need to spend more. >> VOICEOVER: That growing commitment to providing free or affordable healthcare to the poorest people brings clinics like this, providing tests, medicines and supplements to pregnant women and helping mothers-to-be and unborn children alike. It's a direct result of Concern Worldwide's work here without actually being provided by Concern. And that's the beauty of this bold new approach -- it increases the number of people Concern's work can reach with limited resources. >> MICHELLE KOULETIO: Twenty years ago, Concern was basically running a clinic right here in this building, it was a clinic designed for the slum population. Our staff was nurses, doctors, and educated people who were out doing outreach work. Basically Concern closed this clinic and said, "Aren't there other ways to help the poorest people access health services? It's great we're working here in this one city but there's over three hundred cities in Bangladesh so what kind of impact are we having, how long is it going to last?" So our staff, who were very used to providing services themselves, all of a sudden were in a position where they had to encourage political leaders, teachers, pharmacists, homeopaths, health volunteers, and get them to come together and talk about health, get them to advocate to the mayor's office to allocate more resources. So that was a major change. >> IZAZ RASUL [Program Manager, Concern Worldwide]: A lot of talking, a lot of explaining, and a lot of time spent on talking to these people to help them understand why they would invest their time for health, how their investment would bear fruit in the future, what they can expect from this project, what would be their role. So we had to spend a lot of time explaining all these aspects. >> DEWAN KAMAL AHMED [Mayor, Nilphameri]: Back them I wasn't concerned about providing healthcare, it wasn't my headache. But when I saw what they were doing in Saidpur, the next municipality to us, where they were already running the program, the idea came to me too. Now my heart and soul are in this program. >> VOICEOVER: The idea began here, in the bustling town of Saidpur in the north of Bangladesh in 1998. There were trials here and in Parbatipur for five years and was such a success that Concern wanted to see if it could be used elsewhere. So for five more years it's been tried in another seven urban areas. But before handing them over entirely to the people involved, Concern has carried out research to see how well it all worked and how to transfer the idea right across this country and into others too. The results are just what Concern dreamed it would see.>> TITLE: Child Survival Program Achievements: Reached one million people, antenatal care dramatically improved, increased child protection against illness, health gap between rich and poor halved, thousands of lives saved. >> VOICEOVER: In five years it's reached a million people, increased the number of women getting healthcare after giving birth to one and a half times what it was, and it had the same big increase in the number of children getting vitamin supplements to protect against illness. It means the gap between rich and poor in access to healthcare has been halved, saving thousands of lives and improving countless more. >> SUSAN ROSS [Independent Evaluator]: A lot has been accomplished in a pretty short period of time. We've seen a dramatic increase in knowledge. They're very willing, and now very able, to go ahead and do these things on their own. >> RUNA LAILA [Councilor, Joypurhat]: We've learned a lot from Concern, so we know how to handle the program alone. >> SHAHEEN AKHTAR: Saidpur was a test case for this program, because we achieved so much here it was introduced to another seven municipalities. Now seven more is not enough, we need to introduce this across Bangladesh. So all the municipalities are working for good healthcare for mothers and babies. >> VOICEOVER: And it's spreading further than that. Child Survival Programs have now begun in the countries of Haiti, Burundi, and Rwanda. >> MICHELLE KOULETIO: It's exciting. Who would have believed that an organization that was running a slum clinic themselves could become a leader in defining a model that actually works to help the urban poor and could be replicated not only at a national level but also has implications for urban areas around the world. I'm really proud of what's been accomplished here in Bangladesh. >> TITLE: Concern Worldwide would like to thank its partners in the Rajshahi region of Bangladesh. This project was made possible thanks to generous donations from the general public, and the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Concern Worldwide (U.S.) INC, www.concernusa.org. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/house-call-in-hell Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and a general lack of funding in Haiti's National Penitentiary have caused it to become one of the worst in the Western Hemisphere. Reporter Antigone Barton and videographer Stephen Sapienza take a first-hand look at these conditions and an American doctor working to correct them. Fri, 17 Jun 2011 10:42:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/house-call-in-hell Haiti, Health, Port-au-Prince, HIV, Physician, Toussaint Louverture International Airport, Education, Sexually transmitted disease, Beriberi, Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting >> TITLE: Toussaint Louverture International Airport, Port-au-Prince, Haiti>> DR. JOHN MAY [PHYSICIAN]: My name is John May; I'm a physician in internal medicine. I've been practicing for more than 15 years in the field of correctional healthcare. I'm the chief medical officer for a company in Miami, that's my full-time job. My other life is volunteer service. I'm looking at how we can bring some of the skills and systems that we have in place, that are effective and functional in the United States, to developing countries. >> TITLE: In the wake of a massive crackdown on organized crime and urban gangs, Haiti's National Penitentiary is a dangerously overcrowded powder keg. Poor physical conditions contribute to cases of physical and sexual abuse, and the rates of tuberculosis and HIV are far higher than the national norm. >> DR. JOHN MAY: We flew into Haiti this morning to continue our work at the prison. I go to the National Penitentiary every two months or so, sometimes more frequently than that, to follow up on some patients and try to deliver care and make steady improvements in the system there. The prison is officially designed for about 1,050 persons; today's population is 3,054 inmates. >> DR. JOHN MAY: This is the Titanic Building, it was built just a few years ago with international funding, but it never had any provision for plumbing. The thought at the time was that people could leave their cell areas and go out and use the toilets, but it's so crowded now they have to keep it locked down almost all the time. So you'll see the waste all over the floor and the water as they hose down the areas, but the smell will be obvious. To urinate you have to go through the bars, to defecate you have to put it in a plastic bag and toss it out. This will be the focus of the intervention now. >> DR. JOHN MAY: Ask him how many are in here now. >> MAN 1: Forty-seven. >> DR. JOHN MAY: The intention was that the inmates would be able to leave the cell areas and go to the latrines, go to an outdoor area where they've got some pits and access water that way. But because of the crowding and the fact that there are very few staff persons to maintain a safe environment, they're locked down in these rooms and the rooms are mostly all small, different sizes maybe, 20 by 20 room designed for twelve people and some have 50, and 60 and 70 persons all crowded into them. >> DR. JOHN MAY: These rooms -- ask how many people are in this one.>> MAN 1: Sixty-seven. >> DR. JOHN MAY: There's no running water, no plumbing, they're allowed out maybe an hour a day to shower or maybe get some exercise. >> DR. JOHN MAY: Soap is very important; it's a commodity that the inmates really need and appreciate. Unfortunately soap is heavy but we at least bring one suitcase full of soap. I always, before the trips, run to the flea market or a discount store and fill a suitcase with soap that we can distribute. Walking into the prison with the soap can be really overwhelming, and at first it threw me back, I was afraid we were going to start little riots because everyone clambers for it. It's a sad thing to see the frustration and the intensity with which they want just a simple bar of soap. I don't think we'll cause riots with the soap, and we haven't, and I've come to appreciate that somehow this place has not blown up. It seems like it's really on the teeter to explode. How all these people can be cramped in such a space under such conditions, and still there's stability there, it's a fascinating thing to study and figure out. They're still clinging on to hope. When you can provide something as small as a bar of soap, it gives someone some hope. >> DR. JOHN MAY: We're not sure what he has. He started with Beriberi. You can find it in the literature in World War II, in the camps prisoners would get Beriberi. It started emerging here a few years ago, and a simple thiamine pill or injection could cure it, but I don't think he got the replacement quickly enough, that's why he has the swelling in his feet now. I think the opportunity was missed to reverse it. It could have been cured easily with just a vitamin, a thiamine. >> DR. JOHN MAY: Infectious diseases are a huge concern in the prison. Many come in with infectious diseases, and then crowded in these tight areas the diseases can flourish. Mostly we're talking about tuberculosis, scabies. We had an enormous problem with scabies. Certainly sexually transmitted infections and HIV are prevalent throughout the prison. >> DR. JOHN MAY: When was your last test, when did you say you had it? A year ago? Here, or in the States? What was the result then? It was negative? Okay. These are rapid tests, they are preliminary, it's not a final, but it's concerning me that the preliminary test is positive. But we have to do more tests with the samples that I took. >> DR. JOHN MAY: Tuberculosis, HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, are things that if not properly managed within a medical setting can develop drug resistance, they certainly will spread to others, and most of these inmates are going to go out into the community. If we're not addressing the problems, then we're actually incubating and creating a worse problem, and it will flourish and we'll spread this to the community. >> TITLE: In August 2007, a private donor gave $25,000 to Dr. May's organization to launch a cleanliness initiative at the prison called "Titanic Plus." http://www.viewchange.org/videos/talking-hiv-in-jamaica Stigma and discrimination are fueling the HIV epidemic in the Caribbean. Join poet and writer Kwame Dawes as he explores the issues surrounding HIV-related stigma in Jamaica and speaks with the people who are most affected. Fri, 17 Jun 2011 09:42:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/talking-hiv-in-jamaica Jamaica, HIV, Kwame Dawes, Kingston, AIDS, Portmore, Health, Education, Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting >> KWAME DAWES: Hello, my name is Kwame Dawes. I?m a poet and a writer. I was born in Ghana and grew up in Jamaica. There are two Jamaicas. There is the Jamaica that the tourists know, that many Americans know. That?s the Jamaica of the North Coast, of the beaches, the waterfalls, the all-inclusive hotels, the partying. But there is a second Jamaica -- that is the Jamaica on the South Coast. This is the Jamaica of Kingston; it is the Jamaica in which people live day to day, eke out a living. It?s a Jamaica that knows wealth, it also knows poverty, it knows violence, but it also has a brash, smart energy. It is where the music is created in Jamaica, and it is to this Jamaica that I?ve returned to explore the issue of HIV/AIDS. >> DR. PETER FIGUEROA [Director, National HIV/STD Control Program]: If we look at the adult HIV prevalence in the population, we estimate 1.5 percent, and it has been steady over the past eight to ten years. Let?s use the analogy of South Africa, where in the early nineties their prevalence was one percent, certainly under two percent, and literally within a few years it just exploded up to about 20 percent. So it?s very important to recognize that it?s a sexually transmitted infection and once it is in your population it has the potential to spread very rapidly. >> RUTH JANKEE [Jamaica National Building Society]: When you talk to people about HIV and AIDS, they just don?t see it as an issue. The belief is that it?s something still, for them -- okay, maybe it?s not a gay disease anymore. We?ve kind of gotten over it. If you?re a man and have it there are still questions about your sexuality. But many people still have the underlying belief, no matter how much information you give them, that it?s certain kinds of people, you know, you have to be wild and crazy in your sexual behavior, or at least have multiple partners. But it?s an issue, and it?s endemic, it?s widespread, it?s not just one sector of society. It?s uptown, downtown, all ages and stages. Everybody is infected or affected. >> KWAME DAWES: We met with university students and some graduates and I asked them questions about HIV and AIDS, I asked them questions about what they knew, what their thoughts were. They were lively; they had a lot to say.>> KWAME DAWES: What area do people perceive to be in?>> MAN 1 [Student]: As he was saying: the gay community, prostitutes. That?s the perception. Where there is a lot of sexual intercourse, a risky lifestyle. Although we?re in a risky lifestyle, we won?t admit it, but that?s what we perceive to be the risky lifestyle. >> WOMAN 1 [Student]: That?s why I think the disease is spreading so rapidly. Because I have this stigma against you, I think I?m better than you so I can?t catch it. I?m educated so I can?t get AIDS. I?m only going to have sex with one partner so I can?t get AIDS. >> WOMAN 2 [Student]: I think that the majority of the population has basic information about how it is contracted, but the problem lies in translating that basic information into a change in behavior. >> WOMAN 3 [Student]: You have some guys in Jamaican society that are not using a condom. They don?t like it, it itches, they?re allergic, ?Baby I just want to feel the real you.? Guys have these lines. ?But that?s not sex, that?s artificial sex, let?s have real sex, skin to skin.? And girls will believe this and they will have sex with them. They?ll have unprotected sex with them simply because they fear losing them. >> KWAME DAWES: After a while I began to wonder, what does it take to change sexual behavior in a highly sexualized country like Jamaica? And I also wondered, who was taking on this mission? >> TITLE: Claude McKay High School, Kingston, Jamaica>> GLENDON ASPHALL [Jamaica AIDS Support]: I remember when I just found out I was HIV positive. The doctor came into the office and said, within five years a person with HIV will be fully blown, that means I?ll start to get sick, get skinny and all of that. I?m with somebody and my girlfriend is HIV positive, and that does not mean that we are going to have unprotected sex, because I?m on medication and my girlfriend is not on medication. And so, my HIV is more advanced than hers. If I have unprotected sex with her, she can surpass me in terms of stages. If I have many viruses in my stage, she can pick up my viruses. But this is my fate and what I have to do now is accept it and move on. Not that my dreams have been shattered, because we are working on our house, and we plan to get married next year. >> TITLE: Community Health Care Clinic, Greater Portmore, Jamaica>> WINSOME KEANE-DAWES [St. Catherine HIV/STIs Prevention and Control Program]: The greatest challenge I have is individual persons acknowledging their risk. Not just for HIV, for any STI, to get them to acknowledge the risk, take responsibility. It must be human nature to keep blaming other people for our problems.>> KWAME DAWES: So do you have any idea how you contracted the disease? >> WOMAN 1: Not really, but I know -- I?m not saying it?s my fault and I?m not saying it?s the other person?s fault, because I?m supposed to take responsibility for myself, so it?s both of us. Because if I was protecting myself I wouldn?t have ended up with AIDS, so I can?t put all the blame on him. >> WINSOME KEANE-DAWES: It started with about two people, then three, and we built on that. Just by having them in a room where they can exhale and be themselves, they don?t have to hide and be fearful. Just by having them come twice a month and meeting, sharing their experiences, and realize that, ?Hey, I?m not alone in this thing, there are so many of us.?>> WINSOME KEANE-DAWES: Can I just add that I find that persons who have family support do much, much better? Sometimes the HIV positive persons tend to underestimate their relatives. >> MAN 1: When I first found out, I had strokes on my right side. At one time I could not walk, not talk. But since coming here, I can walk and talk. >> KWAME DAWES: I?ve been coming to Jamaica very regularly ever since I left. You engage the country, you engage people. I?ve met many people who I remained convinced are courageous. I?ve also met people who have reminded me about the resilience of Jamaicans to survive and to struggle to survive in difficult times. I?ve met people who have used what is their sickness to create something useful for themselves. So I?m left with a sense of hope and possibility.[END CREDITS] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/sex-workers-confront-hiv Confronted with the horrific realities of HIV/AIDS, sex workers in the Dominican Republic have banded together to create a united women's movement. They help increase awareness of prevention techniques, resources and safety, as well as serving as volunteers in a revolutionary HIV vaccine trial. Fri, 17 Jun 2011 08:42:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/sex-workers-confront-hiv Dominican Republic, HIV, Health, AIDS pandemic, Sex worker, Prostitution, Education, Gender, Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, LinkTV Picks >> TITLE: At least 70,000 of the Dominican Republic?s 9 million people are HIV positive. Female sex workers here are reported to number as many as 130,000. The HIV rates among sex workers here runs three to 10 times higher than in the general population. Some 80 percent of sex workers work in bars, discos, and brothels, and 20 percent work the streets, tourist beaches, and ports. >> JULIANA [Founder, MODEMU]: Of all the towns, it has the fourth most sex workers. I don?t have a real estimate of the number of sex workers in Haina. There must be at least a thousand sex workers here, because La Haina is a town with income. We have a port, where tourist ships dock. There?s a manufacturing area -- a lot of industry. So, there?s money, and where there?s money, there?s sex work. Well, in this country it is very difficult for a woman to get a job. The only options available are being a housekeeper, working in a factory, or live with a man (cook and clean for him in exchange for food and housing), or sex work. >> JOCELYN [Sex Worker]: I?ve been doing this for 10 years. I gave birth to my child, Rosy, the one who?s 11. When I saw I had nothing -- she had no milk, her dad left and abandoned me -- a friend of mine said, ?Come with me to the port.? When I went, a Honduran sailor fell for me and gave me $100. Here we have a port, where ships and sailors come through. That?s who we work with. Sometimes it goes well, sometimes it doesn?t. I?m tired of doing this work; I want to leave this life, because I don?t want to keep doing this anymore. It?s not something you choose to do, but out of necessity. Seven people live in my two-bedroom house: my three kids, my sister and her child, and my niece. Around here, there is a lot of crime, a lot of drugs. My kids are here, but I want to move. My children can?t grow up in this environment. >> JULIANA: I?m not doing sex work now. I work on behalf of sex work. I started MODEMU [Movimiento De Mujueres Unidas] 14 years ago. People were saying all sex workers infected people with HIV. So we got together, and seeing the problems that the women had, we came up with the idea to form a united women?s movement. And we went to the streets to work with our fellow sex workers. Sex workers working with sex workers. It was the same language. >> DR. ELLEN KOENIG [Instituto Dominicano de Estudios Virologicos]: MODEMU does get money on certain programs. They apply for grants and USAID has not helped very much because the American government doesn?t want to work with sex workers. But the European community, the Canadian equivalent of AID, other groups will fund studies or work for them. So in that way they have gotten money to finance some of their programs that they have under way. >> JOCELYN: Can I get a ride? I?m a member of MODEMU, so I go give speeches to girls in the business. I go out three days a week to talk to girls about HIV/AIDS prevention. When we went to Semana Santa, I went to the El Sifon Bar to teach the girls the correct use of the condoms. There are many men who don?t like to use a condom. Many will offer you $100 to have sex without a condom. We say no. No condom, no sex. >> DR. ELLEN KOENIG: A female sex worker cannot protect herself unless the man wants to protect himself. There is a female condom, but it is very uncomfortable and it?s about five to ten times more expensive than the male condom. So the woman is really at a disadvantage in this game. They realize that with this disease, they have to work to help solve. >> SIGN: Laboratorio>> JULIANA: There was a test of a (HIV) vaccine for sex workers. Because it targeted high-risk people, they called MODEMU to provide sex workers. So Ellen called MODEMU, MODEMU sent six representatives. I was one of them. I was also part of the study. >> DR. ELLEN KOENIG: In the Dominican Republic, our first study showed the highest levels in men who have sex with men and the Haitians, and this probably continues on today. So when we were picking people, the idea that the Haitians might be good, but they were doing vaccine trials in Haiti. The men who have sex with men, I believe they can find easily in places like the United States and these men in the United States are very dedicated to helping this. They felt that the female prostitute here would probably be a good candidate, and when they saw the number who had other sexually transmitted diseases they figured that this was a very susceptible population and one that would be adequate and might give us some good results as far as the HIV vaccine goes. >> JULIANA: The vaccine -- it?s a trial for the vaccine, but it?s the most promising so far. But if the vaccine turns out to work, it won?t be for our benefit. We are taking a chance for the sake of science, for our grandchildren, for future generations. >> DR. ELLEN KOENIG: These women are the real heroines of the AIDS epidemic because they are giving their bodies and their time to help us try to solve this problem. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/life-on-the-edge-reclaim-the-condom Sheila Manjate is launching a campaign to "reclaim the condom" from the public health agencies. She believes that people are more likely to use condoms if they are marketed as sexy contraceptives as opposed weapons against HIV/AIDS. Wed, 01 Jun 2011 09:15:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/life-on-the-edge-reclaim-the-condom Mozambique, Health, Education, Chibuto, Maputo, Condom, Reproductive health, Life on the Edge, HIV, AIDS >> TITLE: Reclaim the Condom>> VOICEOVER: Like all countries in southern Africa, Mozambique suffers from HIV/AIDS. Every year, millions of dollars are spent on prevention campaigns, including promoting condoms. But the battle is far from won, and one person thinks she knows why.>> SHEILA MANJATE [Sexual Health Counselor, North East Secondary School]: I don't know how many students there are, maybe eight thousand. To pick up condoms? I have the records here. Maybe a hundred per month. >> VOICEOVER: At the North East Secondary School in the capital Maputo, 22-year-old Sheila is a trained sexual health counselor. In her office, young people come to her with their intimate problems.>> BOY 1: I'm having a problem with my girlfriend. >> SHEILA MANJATE: And you did not use a condom?>> BOY 1: Often we didn't use it.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Because you trusted her?>> BOY 1: I risked it because I trusted her, but I mistrust her at the same time.>> VOICEOVER: The message is clear -- selling condoms as barriers against HIV can suggest couples don?t trust each other. So Sheila?s convinced it?s easier to sell condoms as contraceptives. Today in her office, she?s tearing down the public health posters. For Sheila, condoms are the main weapons against HIV/AIDS, but they must have the right image. The unbranded ?white? condoms are the ones distributed in schools and clinics. Much better, she says, those more sexy, branded ones. >> VOICEOVER: Sheila lives at her grandma?s. A churchgoing Christian, she wants to train as a lawyer. She says what some in the big health agencies think privately.>> SHEILA MANJATE: The condom is too associated with HIV and so it has become stigmatized in the people's minds.>> VOICEOVER: She?s backed by market research, which shows trust in relationships is the main reason for not using condoms. Sheila knows sex and romance sell, so why not use them to promote condoms? She is working on a radio program to try her message on a wider audience. It's for 99FM, a popular national radio station. Today is the big sell. >> SHEILA MANJATE: I'm very nervous. I'm in the hands of God.>> VOICEOVER: Sheila?s off to see the head of the station. But will he buy her maverick message?>> SHEILA MANJATE: Our idea is to make a pilot program.>> NELSON CAMAL [Station head, SNYC 99 FM]: Yesterday I attended a Millennium Village ceremony in Chibuto. They had a box of condoms like this one. I didn't want to take any.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Exactly.>> NELSON CAMAL: But what are we going to say in the program? No to the AIDS condom, or are we going to say AIDS condom, yes?>> SHEILA MANJATE: No, our objective is to say yes to the condom.>> VOICEOVER: Not only have they given her airtime, 99FM has given Sheila her own team. Their slogan: "For Your Up Moments!" Public health campaigns find it difficult to link condoms with pleasure. But can you really sell condoms better branding them with sex than with illness? Early morning, and time to take the show on the road. Today to Xinavane, 100 kilometers north of Maputo. For her program, Sheila wants people to talk openly about their sex lives. She hopes their stories will reveal why they should use condoms.>> SHEILA MANJATE: How was it, the first time, the first child?>> FARIDA: It happened when I was fooling around. I cannot lie about that.>> VOICEOVER: Sex and birth control, says Sheila -- that's why condoms were invented. It's common ground that brings partners together when talk of HIV can drive them apart. She's taking the message to the local school to see how it plays.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Our mothers fell pregnant at the age of 14, 15, 16, 17; they lived their sexuality at the moment they felt the time had come. I want you to tell me: What do you do to live your sexuality, without having the same problems our mothers had? What did you say?>> MALE STUDENT 1: I use the condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: You used the condom. Thank you. Ping pong, another one. What do you do?>> FEMALE STUDENT 1: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 2: Fidelity.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Fidelity. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 3: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> MALE STUDENT 2: Fidelity.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Fidelity. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 4: Condom.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Condom. Who else?>> FEMALE STUDENT 5: Be faithful to my boyfriend.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Be faithful to your boyfriend? I have to be faithful to my boyfriend, but I also have to be faithful to the condom, because the day my boyfriend drops me, the condom will stay with me.>> VOICEOVER: Sheila's taking her message to people that may never have seen sexily packed condoms before. But will her approach shock? AIDS campaigners are now finding out that infections are increasingly within married couples. So can Sheila find a reason for introducing condoms in a married relationship? Sheila and colleague Arthur are going to try and persuade David, along with shining his shoes.>> DAVID TOVELA: No, no, I never used a condom, and I will never use it. With Moses, I say, meat on meat, an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.>> SHEILA MANJATE: A woman, when she gets pregnant, needs a time to recover and for the child to grow before she can fall pregnant again. This is a condom. There is this one, and this one. This is a mixture of three different types: this type, that type, and the other type. So you try and the one you like most you start using always.>> VOICEOVER: Later, time for a call to David. >> SHEILA MANJATE: Oh, so you've decided to use them. You loved it? >> VOICEOVER: Perhaps another condom convert.>> SHEILA MANJATE: So when your wife falls pregnant, you don't have to abstain, just use the condom.>> VOICEOVER: Sheila?s found different reasons for condom use in each of her interviews, even though no one mentioned AIDS. She takes her findings back to the National AIDS council. But with the scale of the pandemic, can they risk abandoning the public health message?>> DIOGO MILAGRE [Executive Director, AIDS Council]: Unwanted pregnancy is a localized problem. AIDS is a central problem.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Of the government.>> DIOGO MILAGRE: The central problem of today is that I have an infection rate of 16 percent. I have got one million and six hundred thousand people infected, and that could compromise the development prospects of the country. That is the central problem.>> VOICEOVER: For those responsible for mitigating the impact of the pandemic, Sheila?s message may be far too risky. It is a message on the edge of the debate. But the debate may be moving her way.>> SHEILA MANJATE: Probably it is necessary for me one day to invite Mr. Diogo to take off his suit, put on shorts, a T-shirt, a pair of flip-flops, and enter the communities, and take with him the message of pregnancy, abandoned women, drop-outs, sex after pregnancy, and make those messages the image of the condom, and solve the problem based on the problems of the people.>> TITLE: For more information, please visit: http://www.bullfrogfilms.com http://www.viewchange.org/videos/smile-pinki Winner of the 2009 Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject), Smile Pinki tells the uplifting story of two young children in India born with cleft lips. Thanks to the efforts of Smile Train, an organization that pays for surgeries to fix clefts, thousands of children around the world are given a second lease on life every single day. Fri, 27 May 2011 08:02:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/smile-pinki India, Health, Cleft lip and palate, Poverty, South Asia, Smile Pinki, Smile Train, Varanasi, Education, Megan Mylan >> TITLE: The Smile Train created this film to raise awareness about the plight of millions of children who are suffering with clefts. Every year, we provide free cleft surgery for hundreds of thousands of these children. This is the story of two of our kids. Smile Train: Changing the World One Smile at a Time.>> TITLE: Principe Productions presents a film by Megan Mylan>> TITLE: Uttar Pradesh, India>> DOCTOR: We are offering surgery for children who have a cleft lip or palate. It's a free operation. If you know anyone -->> MAN 1: There is a boy in our village. He has a cut lip.>> DOCTOR: Has he had surgery?>> MAN 1: No.>> DOCTOR: That's why we're doing this. Please send him.>> MAN 2: Is the fee waived only for the check-up?>> DOCTOR: For the operation, medicine, everything.>> MAN 1: Everything is free?>> DOCTOR: Yes.>> MAN 3: Is the hospital here in Banaras? >> DOCTOR: Yes.>> MAN 4: Is it just one day?>> DOCTOR: Registration is one day, free surgery happens every day.>> TITLE: Smile Pinki>> DOCTOR: This picture you are seeing shows a child born with a cleft lip. I'll leave some flyers. If any of you find out there is someone like this, go tell their parents that they can get free treatment. It's nothing to feel shame about and the surgery is very simple. You will tell them?>> CHILDREN: Yes.>> WOMAN: There is a little girl.>> MAN: Close by, there is a girl with a cleft lip.>> WOMAN: Anjulata's little sister, right? What is her name?>> GIRL: Pinka.>> DOCTOR: Pinki? Okay, thank you. >> DOCTOR: Which one is Mr. Rajendra's house? >> YOUTH: Rajendra who?>> DOCTOR: Whose daughter has a cleft lip.>> BOY: Over there. >> DOCTOR: Are you Rajendra?>> RAJENDRA [Father]: Yes.>> DOCTOR: Is this your child?>> RAJENDRA: She got it because of the eclipse.>> WOMAN: While she was in the womb, there was an eclipse.>> RAJENDRA: It was God's will.>> DOCTOR: It will all be fixed. Why don't we sit down? See, I am affiliated with GS Memorial Plastic Surgery Hospital. On March 18th, we are setting up a registration day for kids who have a cleft lip or palate. We would like you to come on the 18th. We'll get her registered, do a diagnosis, and set a date for the operation. So, will you come?>> RAJENDRA: What can I say? I barely have enough to feed them. If I had money, it would already be done.>> WOMAN: That's it. They said when her teeth come in, we should get the surgery done.>> DOCTOR: But you can't?>> WOMAN: Of course not.>> DOCTOR: It's completely free. We operate all year long on as many kids as we can find. Okay? Does that sound good? You will go? So, how will you get there?>> RAJENDRA: We will walk to Araura.>> MAN: It takes three hours to walk to Araura. The rest, we'll have to find transport. We will make it one way or another. After the operation, when can we come home?>> DOCTOR: You need to stay in the hospital for seven days. >> MAN: Seven days?>> DOCTOR: What do you think about her future now? >> WOMAN: It will lift a huge burden from my head.>> DOCTOR: While you're there, you'll need to make arrangements for food.>> WOMAN: Yes, we will.>> MAN: Do we have to pay them any money?>> DOCTOR: No! You don't pay anything to the hospital. You just need to bring food. Hello. Yes, speaking. Yes, go ahead. Bring him in on the 18th. Please call me back in an hour or so. People donate money, that money comes to our hospital, and then we provide treatment to you.>> RAJENDRA: Since this is in Banaras, it should be quite clean.>> DOCTOR: Yes, it is a private hospital.>> RAJENDRA: Had I known, I would have brought her to you soon as she came into this world. But, I did not know. If it's done, she will be able to live a decent life and get married one day. >> MAN: There is a boy like that.>> DOCTOR: Where is he?>> MAN: Over there.>> DOCTOR: How old is he?>> MAN: About nine.>> MOTHER: Doctors in Banaras saw him once. We didn't get it fixed because he said it was dangerous.>> DOCTOR: Who said?>> MOTHER: His father. We were afraid of the surgery, so we ran from there. >> DOCTOR: There is no big danger. What danger there is in any little operation, this has that same danger. >> MOTHER: I am afraid for him. He is my son.>> DOCTOR: We do about twelve of these surgeries each day. There is nothing to worry about. When you go, you'll see. He's not the only one like this. Everyone is coming from far off on the 18th. We would like you to come sign-up too. >> WOMAN: There is nothing to be afraid of.>> DOCTOR: We do these operations daily. Every day of the year.>> MOTHER: My hands are tied. My husband is not here.>> GRANDFATHER: I am Ghutaru's grandfather. If she won't go with us, what can we do?>> MOTHER: I have a five-day-old baby. You tell me, how can I go?>> DOCTOR: Can we do this, take your baby with you, we'll make arrangements. If your baby stays with you, can you go?>> WOMAN: Don't be crazy. Get it fixed. His whole life will be better. >> MAN: They are not charging anything. You just need money for travel. It will help him get married too.>> MAN 2: You'll go?>> GHUTARU: Yes. >> MAN 2: Your grandpa will take you. Look, once it's fixed, look how it will be. This is your face, look how it's changed. SEGMENT 2 @ 10:26>> RAJENDRA: So, we'll go tomorrow?>> PINKI: Yes.>> RAJENDRA: You won't cry there, right?>> PINKI: Are they going to put stitches?>> RAJENDRA: Without money, how will I take you on the train?>> PINKI: I'll go on foot. >> RAJENDRA: If you walk you'll get tired. It's a long way. If your feet start hurting, I'll carry you in my arms. >> PINKI: I want to go with you.>> RAJENDRA: Yes. You'll go with me. >> PINKI: Will mummy go too?>> RAJENDRA: No, she can't go.>> MAN: So will you go?>> MOTHER: Yes, I am going to take the baby and go.>> MAN: With whom?>> MOTHER: Ghutaru, his grandfather. I need 500 rupees. When I come back, I'll return it.>> MAN: Who will give you 500?>> MOTHER: Mina's father.>> MAN: Okay, I'll go meet him. >> MOTHER: Tell him I'm giving the guarantee.>> DOCTOR: Remember this number, 165. That's for food. Two hundred and twenty two, remember 222.>> MAN 1: These numbers are the order in which the doctor will see you. What's her name?>> MAN 2: What town or village?>> MAN 3: Mirzapur.>> MAN 1: Do you have a phone number? Maybe a neighbor?>> MAN 2: No, this is an amount of money.>> MAN 3: Is that it?>> MAN 2: Remember your number. I am writing it down here. Your number is 416. Make sure you listen for your number, okay?>> MAN 1: How did you find out about this?>> MAN 2: From the newspaper. I had someone read it to me.>> MOTHER: It happened inside me, during an eclipse.>> MAN 1: When I found out that it was a boy, I was happy. But when I saw that he had a cleft, I felt sad.>> WOMAN: They just started crying when they saw her.>> MAN 3: I wished God had not given birth to him; that would have been better.>> MAN 1: The main issue is marriage?>> WOMAN 2: Where are we going to find a decent boy?>> WOMAN 3: I feel better now. I thought I was the only one who had a child like this.>> MAN 4: It feels strange; there are so many people like this.>> DOCTOR: What happened to her hands?>> FATHER: She works around the house, cooks and all. Her mother is dead. I am her father.>> DOCTOR: Have you married again?>> FATHER: No. I have four girls and two boys. If I marry, who will look after them?>> MOTHER: What can I say? When this child was born, my husband told me to leave.>> DOCTOR: Has anyone come with you? Is there someone here to help out?>> DOCTOR: The best age for surgery is three months. As they grow older it does not go as well. Three hundred patients have already come; we can't possibly operate on everyone right away. We'll give you as early a date as possible.>> DOCTOR: You have been given six months time, so that your child can gain weight. And a medication has also been written here, okay? You can get it from the hospital when you go outside.>> MAN: Seeing this makes me feel bad, but what you all are doing makes me feel very proud. SEGMENT 3 @ 20:11>> DOCTOR: Attention please! 416 Pinki, father Rajendra, please come to the counter.>> MAN: Go, go, go. Get your ticket, quickly.>> DOCTOR: How old is he?>> MAN: Eleven years. >> DOCTOR: Does he go to school?>> MAN: No, he used to go to school, but not any more.>> DOCTOR: Why doesn't he go?>> MAN: He can't speak properly so he doesn't go.>> DOCTOR: What is your name?>> MAN: Say your name.>> GHUTARU: Ghurtaru.>> DOCTOR: Can you hear properly? Can you count up to ten? You don't know? Pankaj! An earlier date will be better. Pankaj, try to admit him now. So once it's fixed, will you go to school? Okay, he'll go. Admit him.>> MAN: She's five years old? >> RAJENDRA: Yes.>> MAN: Was she the full nine months? >> RAJENDRA: Yes.>> MAN: Did her mother have any problems while carrying her?>> RAJENDRA: No. >> MAN: Does anyone else in the family have this?>> RAJENDRA: No. >> DOCTOR: How are you feeling? Any problems? You don't go to school?>> MOTHER: When he opens his mouth, he scares the kids.>> DOCTOR: You open your mouth and people get scared? Why do you run away? You should stay there and scare people. Do you go to school? Or are you off playing marbles? What do you play? What is he saying?>> MOTHER: To play the match.>> DOCTOR: You go to play the match? You know how to play cricket? Okay. Which player do you like? Sachin Tendulkar? And who else do you like?>> GHUTARU: That's it.>> DOCTOR: Nobody else? Once your lip is fixed, you need to either study or learn a trade at your aunt's. You won't play all day, right? Okay, his operation will be in a little while. Don't worry at all. Okay Ghutaru? Shall I go? Shake my hand?>> WOMAN: First of all, he will get lip surgery. Then in a few days, his nose will be operated upon. Have you eaten anything yet this morning? Not even water? Can you show me your stomach? Okay, it's completely flat. Are you all worried about his surgery today?>> MAN: We have faith.>> WOMAN: No fears? None?>> MAN: No fear. We're happy he's going to have it.>> WOMAN: Has it been difficult having a cleft lip? Do you ever look in the mirror? Once your lip is fixed, you'll look in the mirror and you will feel so good. Won't you? Why are you crying? Come on. Don't cry. Let's laugh. >> MOTHER: When she was born, I lost consciousness. I woke up and my sister said, "What did you do that this happened? Your other child is so beautiful, what have you done?" So I said, it looks like a monster's been born.>> DOCTOR 1: A monster's been born? Why did you think that?>> MOTHER: I used to get scared when I looked at her.>> DOCTOR 1: And what about your family? What was their reaction when the saw the baby?>> MOTHER: His family has never seen her.>> DOCTOR 1: They haven't?>> MOTHER: When she was born, they were unhappy. They said, your child's come out like this, you must leave. >> DOCTOR 2: So they hold you responsible as well?>> MOTHER: Yes.>> DOCTOR 1: Do you believe that too, that it was the mother's fault?>> FATHER: No.>> DOCTOR 1: The operation will take about an hour. Does she know what's going to happen?>> RAJENDRA: My daughter? At home, she said, "Let's go get my lip fixed.">> DOCTOR 1: Now that you're here, are you afraid? You feel fine? Not afraid? She's laughing. Who's this?>> PINKI: My daddy. >> DOCTOR 1: What is his name?>> PINKI: It's Rajendra.>> DOCTOR 1: And who's this?>> PINKI: Uncle.>> DOCTOR 1: And what's your name? Pinka or Pinki?>> PINKI: Pinki. >> DOCTOR 1: And what about you?>> RAJENDRA: I feel good. I'm happy, thank God, my daughter's face will be fixed. She used to ask to go to school, she'd grab her book bag, but then the kids started calling her cut-lip. >> DOCTOR 1: They call you cut-lip? What do the boys say? Okay. They call you cut-lip? So you won't go to school?>> DOCTOR 2: Pinki? It's time for her operation. I have to take her downstairs now.>> UNCLE: Right now?>> DOCTOR: You're Pinki's father? Her operation went well. She's absolutely fine. There is nothing to worry about. Her lip was fixed very well. No more worrying, okay? Have you eaten anything?>> RAJENDRA: I will eat after I've seen my child.>> DOCTOR: Okay, you'll eat after you see her. But she's absolutely fine. You can see her soon. >> DOCTOR: Hello, hello? Is this Mr. Ramkesh? What's your name?>> LALCHAND: Lalchand. >> DOCTOR: Talk to Mr. Lalchand.>> LALCHAND: Yes, the operation is over. Call Pinki's mother, will you? No, we did not have any kind of problem. The surgery is done. Everything went well. Yes, we'll call in the morning. Yes, we are all fine.>> MOTHER: You'll be all better in a few days.SEGMENT 4 @ 30:04>> DOCTOR: Which newspapers are you gentlemen with?>> JOURNALIST 1: Pioneer.>> DOCTOR: And you?>> JOURNALIST 2: Times of India.>> DOCTOR: Look at this one. This looks very complicated. In his case, this middle portion was protruding two inches. His lips have been joined from both sides; next we'll push this part down.>> JOURNALIST 1: So how normal will he end up looking?>> DOCTOR: Very. Almost perfect.>> DOCTOR: This is Ghutaru. Can you talk with us? He's had his palate operated, inside. And how are you?>> MOTHER: Good.>> DOCTOR: Was he going to school?>> MOTHER: No. >> DOCTOR: Will he go now?>> MOTHER: Yes, he'll go. He'll talk just fine now.>> JOURNALIST 2: How many patients have you operated?>> DOCTOR: Since 2004, we have operated on 6,000 patients. And now, we operate on 3,000 patients a year.>> JOURNALIST 2: What is the success rate?>> DOCTOR: Success rate is almost 100 percent. Success in terms of giving a good repair is 100 percent. The problem is a backlog. In India, there are a million children with these defects. And each year in India, 35,000 children are born with clefts. Most never get any decent treatment.>> DOCTOR: He's had his palate fixed. Is he feeling okay? Where are you from?>> MOTHER: Vashali district, Bihar.>> JOURNALIST 1: Is this defect as widespread in more advanced countries?>> DOCTOR: They have it there too, but in our region this problem is a lot more widespread. We see it more in poor families. The cause could be a nutritional deficit. What it is exactly, we do not know. What we do know is that it's a problem that occurs between the fourth and twelfth week of development. And it could even be genetic.>> DOCTOR: All the stitches have come off today?>> RAJENDRA: Yes.>> DOCTOR: And you're being discharged today?>> RAJENDRA: Yes. It's looking really good. It looks just fine. First class.>> DOCTOR: Will the other kids make fun of her now?>> RAJENDRA: No.>> DOCTOR: Are you excited to show people at home?>> RAJENDRA: They're not going to believe it.>> DOCTOR: You'll go to school now? Make sure you register her at the school.>> RAJENDRA: Yes I will.>> DOCTOR: Do you want to go home? You'd like to go home, right? Now when you go home, be careful that she doesn't hurt her lip in any way. Keep her safe and indoor for about ten days.>> UNCLE: Ten days or twenty?>> DOCTOR: Just ten, make sure she doesn't get hurt. >> ADMINISTRATOR: It's very important to clean the area regularly. You may call us at anytime, 24 hours a day, if you have questions. Everyone understands what I've said so far? So, since this hospital has helped your children, you have a responsibility to help other such patients. If there is someone among your relatives or friends, send them here immediately. Okay? Give 200 rupees and help them get here. You all come from every corner of this huge country. And if each of you can send five other patients, just imagine how many people can be cured. Without patients, a hospital is useless. You all are our heroes. Don't laugh. That's the truth. Does everyone understand? So will you send us patients?>> MAN: Pinki, smile Pinki.>> RAJENDRA: She's happy to go home.>> MAN: You're going home, right? Then laugh a little.>> RAJENDRA: We're going home, right Pinka?>> TITLE: Five months later>> TITLE: To help a desperate child who is waiting for cleft surgery, please visit www.SmileTrain.org. There are millions of children who need our help. And we need yours. Smile Train: Changing the world one smile at a time. >> DOCTOR: We're having a registration day in September.>> WOMAN: In Banaras?>> DOCTOR: In Banaras. [End credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-team-episode-6-desperate-situations After coach punishes the team for having a party by cutting short their leave, Kezia and Oli happen upon a group of people beating up Kezia's brother Rodez. The team must confront the reality of mob justice and an unfair health care system, and joins together to help Rodez. Fri, 20 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/the-team-episode-6-desperate-situations Kenya, Health, Poverty, Ethnic group, Ethnic conflict, Change Makers, Gender equality, The Team: Kenya, Education, LinkTV Picks >> COACH: I trusted your judgment. >> JOHARI: I didn't know it would turn out that wild, coach. >> COACH: What was the fracas about? >> JOHARI: It was started by a wrong joke at the wrong time. >> COACH: When will you people going to learn how to act as a team and not individuals? >> JOHARI: I?m sorry coach. >> COACH: Go and assemble the players out there. So who started the fight? >> ABBAS: Coach, I think it was Ben who started it. >> KEZIA: Definitely the boys. >> BEN: Me, I just saw blows flying from every direction. >> PRIEST: I wish I knew.>> JOHARI: Me, I?m not sure. >> COACH: Who brought alcohol to the camp? >> BEN: I don?t know.>> KEZIA: Coach, definitely the boys. >> JOHARI: There was alcohol? I had no idea. >> COACH: I understand some of you were seen coming through the gate at eight in the night. >> PRIEST: Yes coach. You see, we were just sitting and then we heard the sound of a car at the gate, so we rushed there to check what was wrong with the car. Suddenly we saw a bag fly from the fence to the compound. We wondered what was happening. So we took the bag and we came to the dining room to find out what was in it. By that time, guys were dancing to the music. >> COACH: What else would they be dancing to? >> PRIEST: The music coach, the music. Now coach, we took the bag to the dining room. In the haste of opening the bag, coach, lo and behold, gases came out of the bag in a very unique design. We were all surprised. Blue, red gases came out of the bag, and then people started getting drunk. When everyone was drunk, the fistfight began, followed by slaps and kicks. It became a mix coach. People started meeting differently. Generally, coach, that's what happened. >> COACH: That was a very good performance. Only how I wish you?d perform the same as a team. You are to report back from your day off tomorrow evening. However, courtesy of Priest, you will report back tomorrow in the morning at nine am sharp. Dismissed. Priest! >> PRIEST: Yes coach? >> COACH: Can you try writing fiction? You would sell volumes. Leave! >> BETH: I disagree with you punishing the innocent and guilty alike. >> COACH: Beth, if these boys and girls don?t socialize as a team, how do you expect them to win as a team? >> JOHARI: What were you fighting about yesterday? >> BEN: If you just knew how my head is feeling, you wouldn?t ask me that question. >> JOHARI: Your drunken situation last night put me in the bad books with coach.>> BEN: Are you going to defend me if you?re talking like that?>> JOHARI: No way. I'm responsible for everybody. No favors. >> BEN: Enough of you bossing me around! >> JOHARI: Stop behaving like a kid and grow up! >> BEN: Have you considered the fact that it's because of "your" mixed tribe? >> JOHARI: Ben, you have crossed the line. Have you heard, get used to it. >> BEN: Brother, huh? Sometimes blood is thinner than mostly assumed. >> JOHARI: But we are family Ben! >> BEN: I already have family within the camp. Furthermore, "Miss Captain," thanks to you some of us are missing our weekend outing. >> KEZIA: Have you heard the rumor? Captain is going to be sacked because of last night?s party.>> OLI: What do you expect after such a wild party? >> KEZIA: The party was tight. >> OLI: Hey, what's going on over there?>> WOMAN: This guy is the stupid guy, and he belongs to the bad tribe. Burn him! Kick him! >> OLI: Stop it! You can't do this!>> MAN: Philosopher, go away with that. Kick him! Take your philosophy away from here. Beat him! Kick him! >> JOHARI: Abbas! Hey, Abbas! >> ABBAS: Sorry. What's going on? >> JOHARI: Nothing much. Yesterday night, whatever happened, it was a mistake. But I still feel we can be -- >> ABBAS: We can still be friends? >> JOHARI: Yes. How did you figure that out? >> ABBAS: Actually I feel the same way. >> JOHARI: Really? I feel the same way too. >> ABBAS: So are we cool? Are we good?>> JOHARI: Yes. See you later.>> ABBAS: Okay, talk to you later.>> KEZIA: You?ll be okay. I?m going to talk to the nurse. Nurse, please?>> NURSE: Hold on, I?ll be back.>> WOMAN: Excuse me. I?m a patient.>> RECEPTIONIST: Have a seat there.>> KEZIA: Come on nurse, please, there must be something you can do to help him? >> NURSE: It is hospital policy. I'd love to assist your boyfriend -- >> KEZIA: He's my brother. Please nurse, please. >> NURSE: We can't admit him yet, but in the meantime let me give him some pain relievers. >> KEZIA; Thank you nurse. Excuse me, how much will that be? >> RECEPTIONIST: Two hundred to open his file, doctor's consultant fee, there is the food fee -- >> KEZIA: Roughly how much? >> RECEPTIONIST: Twelve thousand shillings. >> KEZIA: Is there a phone anywhere around here? >> RECEPTIONIST: Behind there.>> KEZIA: Behind where?>> RECEPTIONIST: Behind the wall.>> KEZIA: Thank you. >> OLI: Guys, we have a situation! >> BETH: Calm down, Oli. Relax. >> OLI: It is about Rodez, Kezia?s brother. >> JOHARI: What has happened? >> OLI: They almost lynched him right in front of my eyes! They grabbed me, but luckily I got away. >> BETH: What about Kezia? Is she ok? >> OLI: She?s with him at the hospital. I tried to stop them but they wouldn't listen. >> PRIEST: Did those guys hurt you?>> OLI: No, they grabbed me. I just got away. >> PRIEST: Easy man. Those people don?t have mercy. Easy man.>> JACKIE: Poor Kezia.>> PRIEST: You know those guys would have hurt you bad. Guys, this is a serious issue. What do you say? You know the hospitals nowadays. Without money they can't help you. I know they haven?t attended to that boy. We all know Kezia is our sister. We can?t abandon her. Let's do something, what do you say?>> BETH: I think Priest has a good idea. What do you think we should do?>> BEN: By the way you guys, we get allowances, so let's help out as a team. What do you think?>> JACKIE: I think we should first raise the admission fee. What do you think? I pledge five hundred shillings.>> PRIEST: You?re giving five hundred shillings, that?s good.>> JOHARI: Who does not have five hundred?>> OLI: Two hundred.>> PRIEST: That?s good.>> ABBAS: I can get like one thousand, probably.>> BEN: Same here.>> TINA: Fifty. >> PRIEST: Fifty shillings, that?s not bad.>> TRIZA: One hundred.>> BETH: So do you need a minute to get the money from the rooms? >> KEZIA: Hello coach, it's me Kezia. My brother has been beaten by a mob. I?m at the hospital and I don?t have the money. Please coach; I don?t have anyone else. I am at the city hospital. Fine thanks. >> COACH: Yes, I'm on my way to the hospital now. Is Oli okay? Was he injured? >> BETH: Not physically. Yes, they started a fundraiser. >> COACH: Really? That?s good. Take care of things for me there. All right.>> JOHARI: Thank you guys very much. Oli, please count the money for us. >> BETH: That was coach. He's on his way to the hospital.>> COACH: Mum! Welcome! >> MOTHER: Thank you! How is my boy doing? >> COACH: I am very fine mum, welcome. It?s a surprise. >> MOTHER: My grandchild. How is it going? Are you well? >> LULU: I am fine grandma. >> MOTHER: And you have become thinner. >> COACH: Mum, this child is fine. >> MOTHER: Girl, help me carry my things. They don?t feed you?>> COACH: This child is fine. Mum, I have to run to the office.>> MOTHER: Why? I have just arrived. >> COACH: But Ma, you didn't even inform me you were coming. >> MOTHER: You have forgotten. We arranged this visit last month, have you forgotten? Will I stay outside here or will I get in? >> COACH: No ma, go in. The brother of one of our players has been attacked. >> MOTHER: You know I don?t like it when you get involved in fighting. Don?t you remember all we?ve been through? >> COACH: It?s true Ma, but I have to go and help out. I am running to the hospital. >> MOTHER: And this player, where is she from? In which part of Kenya does she come from? Where was she born? >> COACH: Ma, that doesn't matter. You get in. I will try to hurry up, and then we can chat. Welcome Ma. Lulu, keep your grandma company.>> OLI: 4,350.>> COACH: Hello, a man was brought here badly injured.>> RECEPTIONIST: And who are you to him?>> COACH: I?m a relative.>> RECEPTIONIST: Yes he?s here. And he?s here to be admitted.>> COACH: Here, use my card. Where is he?>> RECEPTIONIST: Over there.>> COACH: Thank you.>> NURSE: Give me the paper I asked for.>> RECEPTIONIST: The deposit has already been paid.>> NURSE: Oh, okay.>> BETH: Oli, are you okay? I?m going to the hospital. Do you want to come? Come on, he will be fine. Let's go, it will be fine. Don?t worry yourself too much. Rodez will be fine. >> DOCTOR: Are you the family of Rodez? This is the situation: Rodez has suffered injuries to the head and also to the body and this has lead to multiple fractures and internal bleeding. >> KEZIA: Is he okay? Can I see him?>> DOCTOR: Not at the moment. We need to operate so we have put him in what we call an "induced comma" before we operate.>> COACH: Meaning? >> DOCTOR: Don?t worry; he is a strong young man. He will pull through. My advice to you, go home, take a rest. He?s in safe hands.>> JOHARI: Come in. Oli, how are you? What is it? >> OLI: Rodez is a mess. The world sucks. >> JOHARI: And how is Kezia? >> OLI: What do you think? >> JOHARI: Trouble knows no boundaries. Today it's me and tomorrow it's you. >> OLI: Yeah. >> JOHARI: Oli, what's eating you? >> OLI: I don?t know. >> JOHARI: What don't you know about? >> OLI: How could he go back there?>> JOHARI: Who are you talking about? What are you talking about? >> OLI: Rodez. It keeps playing in my mind. He knew the people who attacked him. Most of them are his friends. How will he ever go back to his neighborhood if he lives through this? Or Kezia? >> JOHARI: Listen, man is a victim or a villain, one way or another. >> OLI: Do you hate them for what they did to you and your family? >> JOHARI: No. I feel sorry for them. >> OLI: I would hate them. I will hate those people who did this to Rodez if he dies. >> JOHARI: And what will you get from that Oli? Come on, you need to go and get some rest. Come on, let's go.>> OLI: Thanks.>> JOHARI: You?re welcome.>> OLI?S MOTHER: Hello baby. >> OLI: Fine mother. Mom, I'm done with law school. >> OLI'S MOTHER: Don't be silly. You're just in shock. >> OLI: No, I am not in shock, I'm completely rational, mother. >> OLI'S MOTHER: Hold on, darling. I'm talking to your stepson. >> OLI: Sorry for interrupting, mother. >> OLI'S MOTHER: Sarcasm won't do. Have you talked to your father? >> OLI: For what? For a long time now, I have been forced to do what he wants. This time around, I'm doing it my way. Goodbye mother. >> PRIEST: Unfortunately Oli, it's a cruel world and you may never be able to understand everything or everyone. >> OLI: I don?t get it Priest. Why get degree in law if you can?t do anything? You can't help but watch innocent people getting more victimized each and every day. It's just not getting into my system. >> PRIEST: Unfortunately, that?s life Oli. You can't be able to understand it. >> OLI: Whatever, Priest. I?ve made up my mind. I have decided to follow my dream, rather than what my parent's want. It's my life and especially from now on, my football! >> PRIEST: It's your call, brother. It's your call. >> OLI: My destiny, period. >> TINA: Oli, this is no solution. >> OLI: There is no convincing me otherwise. >> TINA: But you know there is no way to reverse this. >> OLI: I've made up my mind. >> KEZIA: Oli, I made the same mistake once. Please think before you make this decision. >> PRIEST: Oliver, if you burn those books, no one will be able to differentiate you from that lynch mob. No one. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/life-on-the-edge-the-prince Rafeh Malik, the young prince of a powerful Pakistani family, was given the poverty-stricken village of Ratrian on his eighteenth birthday. He is attempting to implement the UN's Millennium Development Goals in the village, yet soon finds out that resources and determination might not be enough to challenge the status quo. Mon, 16 May 2011 08:25:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/life-on-the-edge-the-prince Pakistan, Millennium Development Goals, Governance & Transparency, Water & Sanitation, Health, Islamabad, Education, South Asia, Poverty, Life on the Edge >> VOICEOVER: This is the beginning of a fairy tale. It might not end like one. The prince has come to sell his people a dream.>> RAFEH MALIK: A group of the world's nations have come together and agreed on eight basic targets for development that all countries should achieve. We can achieve these targets.>> VOICEOVER: The question is, are they interested?>> TITLE: The Prince>> VOICEOVER: Our prince is Rafeh Malik. His kingdom is Ratrian, a poverty-ridden village in the North of Pakistan. He inherited the village from his vast family estate on his 18th birthday. Rafeh is the only scion of a powerful family, both in terms of the land they own and the political influence they wield. Any attempt by him to change the status quo here will lead to a dilemma: how to modernize without alienating his father, his friends, maybe even the villagers.He spends most of his days and nights about two hundred kilometers south in Islamabad, Pakistan's capital. He's an outward-looking man. His friends include TV journalist Shehryar Mufti. In their many evenings together, an idea came up. Why not try and implement the Millennium Development Goals in Rafeh's own village? The MDGs are eight ambitious development targets signed by world leaders in 2000. The deadline: 2015. The prince has some catching up to do. We asked Shehryar to film Rafeh's progress. >> SHEHRYAR MUFTI [Television journalist]: So you do think that your family's political legacy might actually depend on the success of this project?>> RAFEH MALIK: Oh yeah. Political legacy entirely will depend on its success. >> SHEHRYAR MUFTI: So aren't you afraid that this might not work? Aren't you scared?>> RAFEH MALIK: I am scared, but I'm willing to take the risk.>> SHEHRYAR MUFTI: First you've got to get past your dad. How do you think that's going to happen?>> RAFEH MALIK: Well, I'll sell him the idea; tell him how it is. It'll be quite difficult. >> VOICEOVER: A visit to Rafeh's family home lends some insight into his dilemma. Life for Rafeh's family here has never really begged for drastic change. For generations, this house has been the headquarters from which Rafeh's family has practiced politics. Today his father, Malik Atta Mohammad, is hosting a meeting of other influential men from nearby villages. This is also a training session of sorts for Rafeh, although his lack of facial hair renders him almost out of uniform. The guests are uneasy at the presence of what they see as a film crew representing the "Western media." They're also uneasy that development agendas like the MDGs may reflect a misplaced sense of superiority in the West. >> MALIK ATTA MOHAMMAD: What the West is projecting; I do not know what they have in their mind when they are trying to propagate this policy. Because I met a lot of NGOs; so they say we have told them how to wash hands and how to -- in Islam, you see, we are supposed to wash hands five times a day. We call it ablution, 'wuzu.' So we do it five times. So who the hell are they to tell us how we should keep ourselves clean? We know how to keep ourselves clean! >> VOICEOVER: Malik Atta doesn't openly oppose his son's plan. But he does question how he can make it happen.>> SHEHRYAR MUFTI: In a way, for you to take this initiative now would almost be an admission of guilt, in the sense that: why hadn't you done it earlier? Do you think that'll be a problem?>> RAFEH MALIK: It's not a problem that we could have done it earlier. But over the years, certain things came one way or the other; we weren't able to fully implement them, due to political repercussions. >> VOICEOVER: These are the people of Ratrian. Their standard of life, even in comparison to that of other village-dwelling Pakistanis, is pretty low. Rafeh's uncle's political connections paved the way for an erratic electricity supply here a year ago. Life otherwise hasn't changed much for these people for generations. The only local source of water is an occasional hand pump. This young man is idly walking the dung-ridden streets of Ratrian at the peak of the school day. There is a school in Ratrian, but he's not playing truant -- the teacher is. >> SIGN: Welcome>> VOICEOVER: It's padlocked and desolate. The only signs of life here are pages of notebooks and textbooks strewn about. Even the hand pump here is dry. With an estimated ninety percent of livelihoods here depending on sharecropping, poverty is rampant. The tenants earn enough in food not be malnourished. But having money in their pockets is, for most, a distant fantasy. They don't blame their local royal family for their poverty, at least on camera, but they do believe the family has the power to change things.>> SHEHRYAR MUFTI: So what if they decided to get these problems solved? Could they?>> MAN 1 [Villager]: Of course, absolutely.>> VOICEOVER: And so Rafeh calls the men, as well as the women, of Ratrian to talk about life and how it can be made better. Rafeh wants to know what they think it might take to achieve these goals. Despite finding themselves in a completely unrecognizable situation, the villagers begin to open up. Water is a popular topic of conversation, as is the state of literacy in the village.>> MAN 2 [Villager]: We need a hospital and a school for girls. If something could be done about the drinking water, we'd be grateful. >> VOICEOVER: Women speak openly of their worries for their children.>> WOMAN 1 [Villager]: One day it's diarrhea, the next day it's fever, the next day vomiting. >> RAFEH MALIK: Their query about electricity and all, I made it clear to them that I couldn't help them with that, that's the government's thing. But I will aid them with that as well, but our major primary concern is about the UN Millennium Development Goals, and implementing them over here. So, I think when I told them this would be a humble beginning, I was being honest with them. I think that was the turning point. >> VOICEOVER: Back in the big city, Rafeh begins the critical journey from good idea to solid plan. He makes contact with the Omar Asghar Khan Development Foundation.>> ALI ASGHAR [Omar Asghar Khan Development Foundation]: I mean, how do you sit with them? Do you sit on a charpai? You know? Have you got a special position over there? Have you got extra takiyas behind you? Or are you sitting on the ground with them and sort of, you know, talking to them?>> VOICEOVER: The village would have to be studied closely by people with no vested interest in it. They volunteer the services of their own organization, an offer that Rafeh accepts. Ratrian will be profiled. This village profile is a missing piece in the puzzle for Rafeh. He has met with people from the government as well as the World Bank. Both have identified a village profile as a critical document central to the whole plan. Maybe even a prerequisite to having one. The Bank has also recommended that he visit a water supply project in nearby Balkassar. At the meeting, several new possibilities are discussed. Rafeh is told of a widely implemented development program. Villages can be rewarded with safe drinking water hand pumps. To qualify, they must end the practice of defecating in the outdoors. It sounds achievable enough, but Ratrian will need help. Several other opportunities are identified and contacts are exchanged. By the end of the meeting, the mood is upbeat.>> SHEHRYAR MUFTI: Do you feel you've bitten off more that you can chew?>> RAFEH MALIK: I don't think I've bitten off more than I can chew. It's just that I need patience. I need perseverance. >> MUMTAZ [NGO team leader]: We're here to help you identify your needs. The point of today is to make a plan, the plan for Ratrian. >> VOICEOVER: As activities commence, the villagers seem to be somewhat bewildered. A handful catches on quickly. They proceed to help Mumtaz's team to construct what is the first ever map of Ratrian. >> MAN 1 [Villager]: If you're ready to do things, we're ready for them to be done. People come, conduct their surveys, and then just disappear!>> VOICEOVER: The village profile is now firmly on track. >> SHEHRYAR MUFTI: You're not used to this, are you? Knocking on doors and stuff like that.>> RAFEH MALIK: No, things were different; we never really went about it this way. >> SHEHRYAR MUFTI: How's your father taking this whole thing?>> RAFEH MALIK: Well, so far he's just standing by me.>> VOICEOVER: Malik Atta Mohammad speaks for himself.>> MALIK ATTA MOHAMMAD: I don't think I can help him much. Of course, the connections that I have, he can benefit from them. And where politically we're opposed, he will face the same music. You see, somebody could say this is a crazy lot, talking about millennium goals when people are suffering. Unless you see something happen before you, something concrete, only then you will believe it. At present it is all in the air. >> VOICEOVER: You'd think meeting the MDGs is a matter of resources and will. But it's not that simple. The prince is caught between two worlds. Should he risk disrupting a society that, for better or for worse, has at least functioned for centuries? It's a tough choice. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/life-on-the-edge-trawler-girl Johanna Kwedhi is Namibia's first female trawler captain. Namibia signed up to the Millennium Development Goals, which include specific targets for women on education, reproductive health and equality. Johanna is an example of targets fulfilled, but what about her friends and relatives in the rural area where she was raised? Fri, 13 May 2011 08:44:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/life-on-the-edge-trawler-girl Namibia, Millennium Development Goals, Gender, Africa, Gender equality, Reproductive health, Maternal death, Namib Desert, Health, Life on the Edge >> VOICEOVER: We?re at the edge of the Namib Desert, on Africa?s southwest coast. A world of drought, danger, shipwreck -- but also, fish. Luderitz Harbor, an old port rebuilt for fishing boats. The industry is one of the pillars of Namibia?s economy. It?s a man?s world. Johanna Kwedhi is going aboard the Kanus, one of the fleet?s largest vessels. Except, Johanna is not coming on board as a guest. Johanna is Namibia?s first female trawler skipper. >> TITLE: Trawler Girl>> JOHANNA KWEDHI [Trawler captain]: At the bridge we are three: me as the Captain, a Chief Mate and a Second Mate. >> VOICEOVER: Men are not used to a woman at the wheel. Women don?t normally chart the course, literally or metaphorically. Or give orders, however pleasantly. And the crew knows their lives are in her hands.>> AARON ALWEENDO [Chief mate]: I have been working with Miss Johanna Kwedhi, who is my captain, for two years. She is the one who gives an order, what has to be done for the day, everything like that. So the orders come from him -- I mean, from her. >> VOICEOVER: For the older fishermen, it is a novelty to have an educated black Namibian as skipper.>> MAN 1: We had never seen a black person in charge of a ship. It has always been a Spanish person. Now that black people are here in command we are very proud. Since we do not know the foreign languages they can now communicate on our behalf. Today, I can just ask Johanna for anything. >> VOICEOVER: Back on land, Johanna is like any other woman -- at least, one with a paid job. But she?s not only shopping for herself, she is taking care of her small family.>> JOHANNA KWEDHI: I have a young boy of 14 months. He is lovely. This is my cousin, Aguste. So she is taking care of my boy when I am out at sea. The attention I get at sea is more than what I get on shore, because they pass by, they say, ?Hi Miss Johanna!? But here on shore when I say ?Hi? it?s just ?Hi.?>> VOICEOVER: Namibia signed up to the Millennium Development Goals, the MDGs, which aim to cut poverty by half by 2015. The goals include specific targets for women -- on education, reproductive health and equality. Johanna?s an example of targets fulfilled. But going back home, how about her friends and her relatives? En route to her aunt, Johanna?s reminded of her humble beginnings when she first came to Luderitz. Most people flock to this coastal town in search of job opportunities. Once here, they are forced to live in shantytowns with no running water or electricity and no proper toilets, at least until they can make a better life for themselves. >> JOHANNA KWEDHI: This is the room, the place where I stayed for six years when I came to Luderitz. For six years I stayed in this house where is no electricity, there is no bathroom and no toilet. We used to go out to the mountains. With peace of mind I was just happy with this. People said to me, ?Wow! An officer living in the shantytown!? But I say, ?No, I am here with peace of mind and I have health.? Life goes on like that.>> VOICEOVER: But Johanna's a child of the villages, not the shantytowns. And her journey home is fifteen hundred kilometers. More than 70 percent of Namibians are subsistence farmers and live close to the land, including Johanna's parents. Her grandmother, who still has a big influence on her, raised Johanna. >> JOHANNA KWEDHI: This is my grandmother, on my mother's side. She taught me many things, traditional things. >> VOICEOVER: Forty-three percent of Namibia's unemployed are considered 'homemakers.' And 70 percent of homemakers are women. Most women remain trapped in the rural poverty cycle. But women like Johanna are quietly breaking the mold, and helping her family back home. >> JOHANNA'S GRANDMOTHER: Now, like they say, a chick also needs to learn how to fend for its mother. Now she is taking care of me.>> JOHANNA KWEDHI: The big challenge in this country for young people is falling pregnant at an early age. So they say, 'No, just try abortion!' Without education your life is meaningless. >> VOICEOVER: Johanna was born at home, but her mother developed complications during birth and had to be brought to Onandjokwe, the local hospital. Many aren?t so lucky: maternal mortality?s proved one of the hardest Millennium Development Goal for Namibia to meet. A recent report suggests maternal deaths actually increased. That may be because of HIV, but many poor women still have problems accessing medical care during pregnancy and childbirth, and the newborn death rate is still one in 50.>> JOHANNA KWEDHI: Here in Namibia the death rate of small children is caused because young people, during their pregnancy, don?t go to the clinic. Some of them do not know the importance of going to the clinic during their pregnancy. Some have financial problems and they can?t go, because the hospital is very far. And some just ignore it. They ask, ?What for? I can even deliver at home. My mom and my grandmother delivered here at home, I can?t waste my money there.? They are not working and they did not plan for that. >> VOICEOVER: The neighbors came out to greet Johanna. So has one of her former teachers.>> HOSEA IPINGE [Johanna's former teacher]: I met Johanna just when she completed her Grade Seven at our school. We also happen to be neighbors too. She was a hard working student and that is why she has managed to achieve so much. >> VOICEOVER: Johanna used to walk 14 kilometers to Onyeka School. She learns there are now more girls enrolling than boys, and there are also more girls completing secondary education. >> HAFENI KAPENDA [Principal, Onyeka School]: How can I help you?>> JOHANNA KWEDHI: So there are more boys than girls at this school. >> VOICEOVER: School enrolment is critical, but the lesson from the captain is that you have to finish too. >> HAFENI KAPENDA: She is the first female captain. Do you know boats? >> VOICEOVER: Most girls here will most likely end up as teachers and nurses. Most boys will probably remain at the cattle post, taking care of the family's animals. For girls and boys, Johanna's a role model. >> BOY: When steering a boat, does your boat have rear view mirrors like in a car to help you look in front and at the back?>> JOHANNA KWEDHI: No. A boat has no rear view mirrors. The bridge has windows on each side to make your view easier, also windows at the back. It is big, just like this room.>> VOICEOVER: Johanna's stories are a reminder of the value of education. Coming home has shown Johanna the problems that still confront other women, even if her story proves they can be overcome. Johanna's time on land has ended. She just wants to catch fish, earn a living, and bring up her child. But in a man's world, she's also making a point not everyone wants to hear. >> JOHANNA KWEDHI: We have to do it. Just do it. Among men, you are there on top operating the wheel, they are down there. Some are saying, ?What, a young lady?? I feel -- yes! It?s a way of showing men that we women are capable of doing something at the end of the day. I enjoy it. http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-the-mothers-index Being a new mom is rewarding and challenging. But what extra burdens do mothers in poor and rural communities face? Take a tour of the world's best and worst places to be a mom, in this report from Save the Children and ViewChange.org. Fri, 29 Apr 2011 20:27:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/viewchange-the-mothers-index Save the Children, Maternal death, Child mortality, Childbirth, Pregnancy, Ashta no Kai, Education, Gender, Nepal, Malawi >> VOICEOVER: Next up: an all-new mother's day special. Being a new mom is rewarding and challenging -- but what extra burdens do mothers in poorer countries face? Come take a tour of the world's best and worst places to be a mom, in this new report from Save the Children and ViewChange.org.>> VOICEOVER: ViewChange is about people making real progress in tackling the world's toughest issues. Can a story change the world? See for yourself in ViewChange: The Mothers Index.>> VOICEOVER: You've heard the term "lottery of birth." More often than not, children born in rich countries win it, while those in poor countries lose. A child's life expectancy, health, education, and so much more hinges on where he or she happens to enter the world. But there's also a lottery of motherhood, and expectant moms in developing countries are facing the toughest odds. Every year, more than 350,000 women die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth -- most, simply because they don't have access to basic delivery care. >>WOMAN: Push hard!>> VOICEOVER: And the ripple effect is dramatic: when a mother dies, her children are more likely to be poor, more likely to die before the age of five, or to drop out of school if they survive. But private aid groups and governments are working hard to change the odds in the lottery of motherhood. In Sierra Leone, a place that Save the Children ranks as one of the very worst places to be a mom, a new government program is trying to turn the tide, as we see in this short film from ViewChange.>> TITLE: Where Every Pregnancy is a Gamble. Lauren Malkani and Ami Vitale, Sierra Leone>> VOICEOVER: After a brutal decade-long conflict, Sierra Leone has the highest child and maternal mortality rates in the world.>> FATIMATA KONTE [Expectant mother, Kroo Bay]: My name is Fatimata Konte. I'm 36 years old. We women suffer too much. Women in Sierra Leone suffer too much! I've lived in Kroo Bay for four years. When I wake up at 5am I get out of bed, and the kind of pain that I feel is from my waist bone down to the bottom of my belly. I cough and I'm very sick. I'm really sick but it's like this for all women. From the day a child is born, she must work. Every day I must go to the market. There I have to bargain for fruits. It's a strain to go to the market. I must sell the fruit to have money to buy food to sell for the next day. It's all I can do to survive. I work for my daughter so she can go to school. She is in class four. I want her to learn. Let her learn. I want her to be somebody.>> DR. TAGIE GBAWRU-MANSARAY [Doctor, Princess Christian Maternity Hospital]: When a woman is educated she can take care of herself, she can take care of the children, she can take care of her husband, her home. It benefits the population, the family, and it will help Sierra Leone in the long run. I'm a medical doctor, house officer here at the Princess Christian Maternity Hospital. When you're in school and you're studying to become a doctor, you read about all the fanciful techniques, all the wonderful drugs, the magic pills that you give to patients, all the different things that you can do as a doctor. When you come into the real world and you see that even basic things we don't have here -- the basic drugs, simple equipment -- and you are limited. At times you see a particular case and you think to yourself, if only I had this, if only I had that, I would have been able to save a patient's life.>> VOICEOVER: One in five children die before their first birthday, and one in eight women die during pregnancy.>> FATIMATA KONTE: I have two children and I've lost five, so this is the eighth pregnancy. So right now, I am remembering the past. I am worried this one can die too. My biggest fear is that this child will die.>> VOICEOVER: The one referral hospital in the capital of Freetown services a population of over 400,000 people.>> DR. IBRAHAM THORLIE [Doctor, Princess Christian Maternity Hospital]: Hello, good afternoon. My name is Dr. Ibraham Thorlie. In this hospital we have four gynecologists. One doctor can serve over 100,000 people.>> VOICEOVER: Though the hospital is severely understaffed, it is not the only reason so many people are dying.>> DR. IBRAHAM THORLIE: The delay starts from home. If a woman is pregnant, she wants to give birth, and the husband is not around, she cannot be taken anywhere without the husband coming, because he gives the money. If you come too late, we cannot help you.>> VOICEOVER: And, often, those patients who come too late are very close to death.>> DR. IBRAHAM THORLIE: It's a big dilemma. If the patient can pay you, then it's good. But when they cannot pay you, you need to help them.>> VOICEOVER: Rather than watching their patients die, many doctors and nurses like Rebecca pay for the worst cases from their own small salaries.>> REBECCA MASSAQUEI [Nurse, Princess Christian Maternity Hospital]: I'm a poor nurse. I don't have money to take care of this baby. But the baby should have died, because there was nobody to take care of the baby. So that's why I decided to take the baby. He will live to tell this story. So he's the victory child. That why I call his name Victor.>> VOICEOVER: Victor is one of the few lucky survivors in a place where so many die. However, the government has just launched a program providing free healthcare for pregnant women and children under five.>> DR. IBRAHAM THORLIE: Now things are picking up with the pronouncement of the free healthcare system. It's a big incentive and we hope that will surely bring a difference. But to sustain it is not an easy thing.>> FATIMATA KONTE: We women are all very happy that women will finally get treated.>> TITLE: On April 16, 2010 Fatimata Konte gave birth to a healthy baby boy.>> TITLE: [end credits]>> VOICEOVER: So where are the best and worst places to be a mom? For its "State of the World's Mothers" report, Save the Children studied 164 countries, and compiled a "mothers index." At the top of the index, women have what they need to thrive: excellent medical services, plenty of skilled health workers, and opportunities for education and advancement. But the gap between the top- and bottom-ranked countries is stark. At the bottom, one in three children suffers from malnutrition, and one in 30 women will die from pregnancy-related causes. And how does the United States stack up? Number 31. America's maternal mortality is the highest of any industrialized nation. >> VOICEOVER: But the study is also clear about solutions that work. And the very best solution for helping moms and children? More health workers on the front lines. The equation is simple: more doctors, more midwives and community health workers means more mothers and children surviving childbirth and the early years of life. Nowhere is this more clear than a place like Nepal, which is ranked 133rd on the Mothers Index. This ViewChange short film from Living Proof tells the story. >> TITLE: In one of the world's poorest places, the day a woman gives birth is the most dangerous day of her life, and her child's life. Can one woman and her baby beat the odds?>> TITLE: Dangerous Day. Living Proof, Nepal>> TITLE: Western Nepal >> TITLE: People scratch out a living in the Himalayan foothills, and life is hardest for women>> MAHESWORI: My name is Maheswori. I'm 19 years old. My husband went to India to work. Here there is no food, no rice, no nothing. Around here, there's no work. >> TITLE: Maheswori is pregnant and past due.>> MAHESWORI: I am very, very scared. Everyone has been asking about it, and that makes me even more scared. My first child was breech born, and I might just die this time. If I will live, I will live. If I will die, I will die. >> TITLE: The nearest hospital is four hours away. >> MAHESWORI: Some said take her to the hospital, some said drive her down. Everyone had opinions. But how would you get a car without money?>> TITLE: She plans to deliver in the same place she gave birth before.>> MAHESWORI: In November my daughter was born. I had the baby in our cow shed. >> TITLE: By local custom, mother and child are quarantined as "unclean.">> MAHESWORI: For 12 days after the birth, the baby and I were kept in the cow shed. On the 13th day we were allowed out. You can't take a newborn in the house, God gets angry. You're better off in the cow shed. >> TITLE: Because of Maheswori's high-risk pregnancy, an aid worker traveling with the camera crew makes a case to village elders. They consent to having a birth attendant, and she won't give birth in the cow shed. >> MAHESWORI: I am going to die. Oh my mother! I am dying ...>> WOMAN: Get me the gloves, quickly.>> MAHESWORI: I am dying ... am dying. Please ... I can't.>> WOMAN: It's a complete breech situation. Push hard!>> INDUKA KARI [CARE Program Officer]: She was completely unaware of the fact that she would need medical care because her first child was breech born. >> TITLE: She gives birth to another daughter, Seema. >> INDUKA KARI: If she hadn't gotten proper care by a trained birth attendant, she would've died. >> MAHESWORI: I'll rest for seven days, but then it's back to work. I have to pound the rice, carry water, cut grass, and chop wood. Life is tough here. >> TITLE: Living Proof. Real Lives. Real Progress. >> TITLE: In Nepal, 80 percent of births occur at home with no skilled birth attendant like Maheswori had. But support from global partners is helping train Nepal's 45,000 female health volunteers, and they are dramatically improving Nepal's health outcomes. >> VOICEOVER: If there's one overwhelming success story in maternal and child health, it can be found in Malawi, where almost half the county -- 40 percent -- lives in poverty. But, for years, the government has been investing in all sorts of new plans for life-saving care. The result? The number of deaths in children under five has been cut in half over the past 20 years. Malawi's striking results are strongly linked to efforts on the ground, house by house, community to community, to give mothers the support they need. Living Proof has this success story from Malawi>> TITLE: Grandparents Shaping Safe Childbirth. Living Proof, Malawi >> TITLE: Wacapati = Pregnancy>> TITLE: In Malawi, the word for pregnancy also means 50/50. Conventional wisdom says there is just a 50/50 chance a woman will survive childbirth. >> TITLE: Agogo = Grandparent>> TITLE: Agogos are known as the guardians of wisdom and are responsible for passing on tradition.>> TITLE: Can agogos help improve the odds of wacapati? >> TITLE: Ekwendeni, Malawi>> LYTON CHAWINGA: My name is Lyton Chawinga, and I have six grandchildren. I was born at home, in 1948. In previous days, pregnant mothers were using unsafe methods. Some would have their babies in grass huts. After giving birth, they would leave babies on the ground in the cold. We didn't know better. We had a lot of deaths. One day, hospital workers asked us to be a part of the Agogo Program.>> TITLE: The Agogo Program teaches village elders about proper natal care and helps agogos pass along those messages to their communities. >> LYTON CHAWINGA: We go to their house. We talk to both the man and the woman. We are here to chat with you about the importance of going to the hospital when you are pregnant. We show them pictures and tell them what can happen if they give birth at home. That the mother or baby can fall sick or die. >> WOMAN [Agogo]: After three months, start going for checkups. Escort each other. Many husbands refuse to escort their wives, which is not good. >> TITLE: Agogos also use traditional methods to teach modern messages. >> WOMEN: Pregnancy doesn't kill, the hospital is good, and all our children should be taken there.>> LYTON CHAWINGA: Deaths have decreased, diseases have decreased, and life has improved. I am really happy because if the student fails you are not a good teacher. I see fruits of what I teach and I am proud that I am a good teacher.>> TITLE: Living Proof: Real Lives. Real Progress. >> TITLE: With support and funding, 4,000 agogos have been trained in Malawi.>> TITLE: As a result, Ekwendeni Hospital has seen a 60 percent increase in pregnant women seeking antenatal care.>> TITLE: To accommodate them, the hospital is building a new, larger maternal ward.>> VOICEOVER: Access to health care isn't the whole story, of course. Helping women must include an investment in education. In rural Bangladesh, communities are learning the real value of empowering women. This film from Save the Children shows that giving girls a voice can be the most powerful solution of all. >> TITLE: Shilpi's Story. Save the Children, Bangladesh>> TITLE: This is Shilpi's story. Tiler Char, Barishal, Bangladesh.>> VOICEOVER: Shilpi's father died when she was very young. Her mother worked as a maid to support Shilpi and two younger sons. She earned only enough to feed them one meal a day. When Save the Children started the Girls' Voices project nearby, Shilpi joined. She met with other teenage girls to build self-confidence and learn new skills, like making a budget and saving money. Shilpi realized she could help support her family, even without working outside the home. She started her first business weaving mats. >> SHILPI: Later, I thought about how I could use the money I earn from weaving mats to do more. So I bought a small cow. After a year it gave birth. At that time we got 2 to 2.5 liters of milk from the cow every day. I sold that milk and used the money for my family. Later, when I had earned more money from weaving mats, I saved it. Our house was very small. It was awful to live there during the rainy season. So I decided we should build a new house. I sold the calf and used the money from my savings to build this house. If I had not joined "Girls' Voices" I would have been married by now, like all the other girls. Then I would not have been able to build such a big house or buy a cow. Now my plan is to buy a piece of land since we do not have any. The other plan I have is for my brother. Because he is handicapped, I am supporting his studies. That way he can get a job and earn his own living. My mother used to think if I had been a son instead of a daughter our life would have been much easier. But now she thinks "my daughter has done more for our family than a son would ever do.">> VOICEOVER: Around the world, communities are coming together, not only to save the lives of mothers and children, but to improve them. To give women real opportunities to change the courses of their lives. Basic health care can solve the most urgent crises, but a bigger sea change -- one that empowers women to learn, to marry later, and to decide when to have children -- will ultimately close the gaps in the odds that mothers face. Those changes are happening every day, country by country, and girl by girl. Sometimes, in places like India, something as simple as a bicycle can make all the difference.>> TITLE: Hubub Films Presents>> TITLE: Sone Sangvi, India>> TITLE: Pedal=Sight. Jacob Seigel-Boettner, India >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: My name is Bharati Phakad Date. I am 14 years old. I live in Sone Sangvi. I am going to Nimgaon Bhogi High School. I am learning in the ninth standard [grade]. My favorite actor is Mithun Chakrabothy because he always plays a humanitarian, someone who helps other people. My favorite actress is Rani Mukherjee. I like her husky voice. There are a lot of people who live on the streets. I will help them. There are so many people in this world who do not even get one meal a day. I will help them. >> TITLE: Pedal = Sight>> ARMENE MODI [Director, Ashta No Kai]: For about a couple of years, we only focused on adult women and literacy for them, and I noticed many of the girls who came to the class were very, very young girls with mangalsutra, which is a gold-and-black beaded necklace, around their necks, which in India is a symbol of matrimony, and they had babies on their hips, and I started to ask, "What's going on?" and, "Why are such young girls married off already?">> BHARATI'S MOTHER: My life, my generation, was full of darkness. I have to make sure that my daughters get a good education. It is our duty. If you are uneducated, then it is as if you only have one eye. >> ARMENE MODI: In many villages, there were only schools until seventh grade. There were no high schools. So we worked in 10 villages at that point of time, and there were only three high schools. So then I asked the parents, the mothers, "Well, what happens to the boys? How do you send the boys to school?" And they said, "Well, we give them bicycles." And I said, "Well, what about the girls?" And they said, "Oh, no. It's a waste of money to give a bicycle to a girl. She's going to turn around and get married." There's a famous Indian saying: Why water a plant that's going to grow in a neighbor's garden? So, I thought, my God, if it's only a bicycle that's keeping girls from going to school, let's go ahead and give it to them. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: The bike has been really useful. Now, the time that I save commuting to school can be used to study. Also, now I can ride to school with my friends. It's a lot of fun. I used to have to walk to school. >> BHARATI'S MOTHER: Initially, she had to walk to school. It took her more than an hour. Now she can ride to school in 15 minutes. She now feels very motivated and enthusiastic to attend school. >> BHARATI PHAKAD DATE: I want to become a District Supervisor, because then I can make big decisions, and also have the power to implement them. I would be able to make decisions regarding the welfare of the poor and downtrodden. I would be able to help transform society. My name is Bharati Phakad Date. I am 14 years old. I live in Sone Sangvi. I want to eradicate poverty from this country. >> TITLE: [end credits]>> VOICEOVER: Like what you saw? Then visit ViewChange.org, Link TV's brand new multimedia website. Watch over 200 stories about new solutions to the developing world's biggest challenges, get involved with the issues, share the stories with friends, and help change the world, all at ViewChange.org>> VOICEOVER: To read the full 2011 "State of the World's Mothers" report, and to learn more about Save the Children, visit savethechildren.org.>> TITLE: [end credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-dollar-a-day-made-in-china The jobs that ex-miners in Minnesota see disappearing to China stand for new opportunities for the young Li Jieli to improve her and her family's living condition. Three people from very different worlds and expectations show how they struggle to maintain their security in a shifting and uncertain global economy. Sat, 23 Apr 2011 00:25:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/a-dollar-a-day-made-in-china China, Globalization, Global economy, Manufacturing, Mining, United States of America, Iron Range, Jiangsu, Wujiang, A Dollar A Day >> TITLE: EMF Films and Global Visions & Associates present>> TITLE: A Dollar A Day>> TITLE: Wuijang Economical Development Zone, Jiangshu province, China>> GIRLS: Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl. Her name was Xiao Wei. She was born with eyes so soft. She made my heart race. Xiao Wei, you know I love you. I want to fly away with you.>> GIRL: Then it starts:>> LI JIELI: When I feel bad, I come and sit on the roof. Work brings a lot of pressure and sometimes I feel homesick.>> VOICEOVER: Every day in modern China, thousands of young women are willing to leave home and family behind to take jobs in faraway factories in the hope of escaping poverty.>> LI JIELI: This queue makes me think of how bad I felt when I arrived. When I see these girls at the gate it brings back bad memories. I spent 24 hours on the train to get here. I didn't have a seat, so I had to stand up the whole journey. Because of travel sickness I vomited all the time.>> TITLE: Made in China>> TITLE: A film by Eline Flipse>> MAN: As an employment officer, I send hundreds of workers to this factory every year. We come from a remote mountainous area. There aren't many jobs available. That's why we send many workers away. Of course they make much more money here than they do at home. With their savings they can invest in a house back home.>> WOMAN: Have your diploma, ID card, and a pen ready. You'll need them soon. Put down your luggage. Welcome to Delta Zhongda. This is the admittance procedure although I know you've all had a long and tiring trip.>> LI JIELI: My parents sent me here because they didn't have the money to buy a new house. I really hated my parents when I had to leave home. In fact, it was not necessary for me to leave. I was not the best pupil at school, but I could have gone to university. But according to my parents they couldn't afford university for me. Every month, as soon as I get my salary, I send money home. My grandma was disappointed that I didn't go to university. She said: "If possible you should have further education. Or you'll always be a frog at the bottom of a well who can only see a small part of the sky.">> HERO TSAI [Manager Delta, Zhong Da facilities]: Our company makes different kinds of electrical appliances. It is mostly about components that need to be assembled. That's why we prefer working with girls. They are much more precise and they are also easier to manage than boys. This factory employs 10,000 people. The average annual salary of our workers is about 15,000 yuan [RMB] per year or USD$150 per month. Most of our products are sold in the US and Europe and the rest in Asia. We supply to the five biggest IT companies in the world: Dell, HP, IBM in America, and in Japan to Sony, Sharp, Canon.>> TITLE: Iron Range, Minnesota, USA>> VOICEOVER: The changes in the global marketplace that have affected jobs in China are rippling throughout the world in both anticipated and unexpected ways.>> WAYNE PETERSON: I'm a label nut. I bet I can't find one here that's made in America. Well, I'm glad someone's working in manufacturing. Well, they're trying to get, they're trying to label McDonald's as a manufacturing outfit because they assemble hamburgers. Then they can change the statistics to show: "Look at all the manufacturing jobs!" Ain't that something? It was proposed, in Congress. Now that's getting desperate to try to fudge statistics. Bangladesh: sounds like a disease. Those are kinda nice. Nope, made in China. I don't think I'll get a pair of shorts today. I'd say it started years ago, with electronics. I think to keep the Chinese out of the Korean War, we allowed them to start manufacturing a lot of electronic goods. VCRs, televisions, things like that. Nixon did that to keep them out of the war. Same thing with Vietnam, it continued. And then it got to be a good idea. Cheap labor, and no environmental concerns and costs, and no pensions, no taxes. Huge profits. Well, that's made in Pakistan. Even a Minnesota Vikings shirt. Made in China, but there aren't any made here, so I don't have a choice.>> DANA BURNS [Manager, United Taconite mines]: People here refer to this as the Iron Range. It really got a start back in the mid-1800s, with the discovery of iron ore, which ... this area then just prospered greatly. And a lot of the people that came to work in the mines were immigrants, and came from countries like Finland and Sweden and so on. You know, it's ... they have a very proud history here. The steel companies came into financial trouble with high imports. They were exiting the mines; I think there were over 30-some companies that went bankrupt. >> DAVID OLSON: This is my estate. Well, what do you think of it? It's the little green house on the west end of Aurora. This is my windmill, the whole works. That's the only way I go fishing. You go ... whenever that's turned, then I go fishing. Snowmobile season is just over with. This is a 550 Bearcat. And this is my boat, this is the one I take on Lake Superior. This is my pride and joy. I had a good income, yes. In a year, boy, I'd have to ask Sally, I'm not really sure. Oh, it was 63, I suppose, somewhere in there. And I was working a lot of overtime, so that added into that, so that towards the end, it was hard to judge what ... Cause I could make so much at one time and so little at another. Good income, yeah. Until they decided to do what they did to us. Mining companies, they said they weren't making a profit, and decided to get out of the area. They were getting ore from China, getting it from everyplace else, and cheap. Why dig it here if they can go somewhere else and get it cheaper? So that's what happened to us.>> LI JIELI: I am in charge of 105 persons. Talking about pressure: You have to reach the target figures. Not only me, but the whole team I'm responsible for. If we don't make the target, we don't get paid for that day, so that's a heavy kind of pressure.>> VOICEOVER: The demands at this factory are hard for young people to handle. But, unlike most sweatshops around the world, employees here are paid regularly and treated decently.>> SIGN: This production line performed best this month>> LI JIELI: The rule here is that we have to reach a certain quota each month. Once, we reached the highest possible quota. Every month, they determine which production line performed best. Then we get a bonus of 200 yuan or 25 dollars to play with. That amount is for the whole team and we must share it. It allows us to buy some extra fruit and sweets.>> HERO TSAI: The female workers are, first of all, quite young. They are between 16 and 25 years old. Leaving home is more difficult for them than for the men. That's why we pay more attention to human management, 24 hours a day. About 85 percent of our workers come from the interior. The living conditions here are a great deal better than at home.>> LI JIELI: What time are you off? Six o'clock?>> HERO TSAI: We sometimes say jokingly that most of the workers arrived thin and dirty but that they flourished after they've worked here for a few years.>> VOICEOVER: Whether or not the girls actually flourish is a question. They do not have protections afforded by trade unions, but they are at least housed and fed and able to develop a new community of friends.>> ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT: Your factory ID, please. Happy birthday!>> GIRL: Thank you.>> LI JIELI: We're going to eat the cake. Happy birthday to you!>> VOICEOVER: Even a few sweets make the adjustment to factory life a little less difficult for these young workers.>> LI JIELI: Look at this!>> GIRL: It's nice.>> LI JIELI: Don't ruin it!>> GIRL: Don't do that.>> WAYNE PETERSON: There's RE/MAX, house for sale. God, there's two of them up here. Lot of people have not found anything and given up. You can tell that one now hasn't gotten any attention for a long time. That looks abandoned. Lot of friends had to leave their friends and family, and no kids in the streets anymore. School's closed down, and you can see the grass isn't even mowed at the school anymore; this used to all be mowed nice. Kids playing, there used to be a playground there. Used to be full of kids, when families could afford to live here, and there were jobs. That used to be a pool. Destitution, job loss. Poverty. To live from check to check. To leave an area where you grew up. Having your credit destroyed because you can't pay your bills. Questioning if you get sick, whether or not you can pay, because you don't have health insurance, cause that was taken away and it's too expensive to buy on your own.>> SIGN: United Taconite. Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. Laiwu Steel Group Ltd. United Steel Workers of America. Mine Operations>> DANA BURNS: There was a company, Laiwu Steel, Chinese steel company, that was looking for raw materials, iron ore. China has been very hungry for all types of commodities, iron ore and steel. We were actually to help Laiwu take its ore from this mine, and trade it with a Canadian firm, and they would then take the Canadian pellets to China. There's concern that a lot of, you know, products that are purchased in retail stores and so on are being imported from China. But what we have here was ... the story that we have here in, at United Taconite, is kind of a reverse. We were able to come back, bring this mine back up and actually export product to China. So it's ... our situation is somewhat unique, compared to what others are experiencing with the growth of China.>> VOICEOVER: This unique turn regarding exports to developing countries might not be unique for long. However, as the global marketplace expands and levels, and access to jobs becomes more competitive, the question is, how will workers find a fair deal? Who will own the responsibility for establishing fair wages and setting employment standards?>> BILL MATOS [Blaster, United Taconite]: This is a blasting cap in here. And it'll fire on to here, and set this line off, and set the hole off. This is my job. It's called "blaster." My father worked for the mining company too, but he wasn't a blaster. My grandfather was a blaster. He worked with explosives at that time. As far as I know he was working on a piece of explosives, like a piece of dynamite or something and it went off. Well, yeah, yeah. Killed him.>> VOICE: Gate 15, all units in the field. We are now ready for the main shot. Leaving the mike open between each count in case someone has to break in with an emergency. Three, two, one. Clear.>> BILL MATOS: When Evtac filed bankruptcy, they froze my pension at 29 years, 10 months. I could've retired at 30 years. The mine was not exhausted, I mean we probably have one of the best ore bodies up here. And it could probably run for another 30 years. They wouldn't give us any orders for steel, so they just choked us off, choked us off. And, in the end, you're forced ... I think it was a planned closure, myself. And they got away with it. And, it's legal. >> DANA BURNS: Because of the bankruptcy of the prior owner here, these people lost a lot of their pensions and healthcare and benefits. So that's the social cost that comes with bankruptcy.>> BILL MATOS: They could see that 2004, 2005, 2006, there'd be a great amount of people eligible for retirement, so they figured a way to cut their losses and cut their legacy costs. Now, we're still making, still mining at United Taconite, and we're still supplying Stelco Steel in Ontario with pellets. They're still a customer. So instead of being the owner, they divested themselves of all their legacy costs, and became a customer.>> DANA BURNS: It all starts fresh, yeah. We did not ... you don't ... we did not buy the company and those liabilities. Those liabilities were the prior owners', who failed here. We've put together a model, we think that works, and we start fresh.>> BILL MATOS: So now, when I got rehired at United Taconite, I started building a new pension. From zero.>> WAYNE PETERSON: USD$50,000 a year is easy to make in the mines, pushing a broom. If you have a skill or a trade, like a millwright, which I was, you don't need all the overtime to make $50,000 a year. And up here, you know, you can buy a decent home, you can buy a couple cars for the family, and a bunch of toys. Well, I didn't do that right away, because I didn't think it was gonna last.>> DAVID OLSON: You know, at one time there was 3,000 guys out there. Can you imagine, when I first started out there, there was 3,000? And at the end, there was maybe, there was 63 of us left? When I left, I had 34 years out there -- 34 years of my life to end up with nothing. >> LI JIELI: Do not spit on the ground. Do not paste on the wall. Drunkenness will be punished with 50 yuan. Anyone who makes trouble will get fired. Gambling is prohibited on penalty of dismissal. Do not take strangers to the dormitory on penalty of dismissal. All occupants should be in by 22:00. First offence is a warning, then dismissal.>> HERO TSAI: Is everything arranged for your leave?>> LI JIELI: Yes, I will stay away for 20 days. I am going to visit my family.>> HERO TSAI: Who is going to replace you?>> LI JIELI: My deputy line chef will replace me.>> HERO TSAI: Okay that's fine. Now carry on with your work.>> SIGN: Payphone Market>> LI JIELI: Hello grandma, it's me. Where is Mum? Outside? Can you get her? I was planning to come back on the 13th, but I've postponed it by two days. I miss you so much. I feel so homesick. I want to go home.>> WOMAN [Li Jieli's friend]: It's here, isn't it?>> LI JIELI: Do you have a smaller one like this? Yes, a small one.>> SALES CLERK: This is the cheapest at 35 yuan.>> LI JIELI: 30 yuan.>> SALES CLERK: 30 yuan? I wouldn't make any money.>> LI JIELI: 30 yuan is more than enough!>> SALES CLERK: Okay for 35 yuan?>> LI JIELI: 30, no more!>> SALES CLERK: The goods we sell are all good quality!>> LI JIELI: I know, I know, 30 yuan.>> WAYNE PETERSON: I looked around after the mines shut down. I thought, well, you know, a lot of people are gonna have to move. And I'm not gonna be one of them. Hey, I'm going to work. We're gonna go eat at five or so tonight, huh?>> WAYNE'S DAUGHTER: Okay.>> WAYNE PETERSON: Alright, see you later then. >> WAYNE'S WIFE: Yep, okay. >> WAYNE'S DAUGHTER: Bye.>> WAYNE PETERSON: Want to eat at five tonight?>> WAYNE'S WIFE: Yeah.>> WAYNE PETERSON: Somewhere? Aurora?>> WAYNE'S WIFE: Yeah, alright. Have a nice day. Bye-bye.>> WAYNE PETERSON: So I figure, well how am I gonna stay here? Some friends of mine got into nursing. Pays even more than what we made in the mines. It's secure. Howdy! It's long-term, because people are always gonna get hurt and sick and older. And, you know, it'll never go away. Until we start shipping people, maybe to Canada or something, for healthcare. Howdy! Hi there Bill.>> BILL: How do you do? >> WAYNE PETERSON: How's it going today?>> BILL: I hope I feel better after you get done with me.>> WAYNE PETERSON: Okay. Well, this is just a matter of checking your lung sounds a little bit here.>> BILL: Okay.>> WAYNE PETERSON: You wanna breathe in for me, deep? Okay. Okay, and now I'm gonna listen to your heart, a little bit.>> BILL: If it's there.>> WAYNE PETERSON: I found it! Now I'll check your pulse. What'd you used to do for a living?>> BILL: I slaved away at Eerie Mining Company.>> WAYNE PETERSON: Really?>> BILL: Really.>> WAYNE PETERSON: I worked out there, and I got involved in the shutdown. And now I work as a nurse. This is a little more fun, I get to talk to people.>> BILL: And I'm just learning about retiring.>> WAYNE PETERSON: Well, someday I hope I can. I hope I have a pension. I'm supposed to have a pension, when I'm 65, but we'll see about that. They don't even know if Social Security will be there. Hi!>> PATIENT: Hi.>> WAYNE PETERSON: How are you today?>> PATIENT: Fine.>> WAYNE PETERSON: Good. I'm used to barking orders, or hollering back, "The damn machine broke down, get the mechanics." Or, you know, I'm not used to being subtle, quiet -- good afternoon -- soft. But, yeah, after two years of working as an LPN [licensed practical nurse], I've kinda toned down and mellowed out a little bit. >> TRAIN CONDUCTOR: Have your tickets ready. Stay in the queue. You need to show your ticket. Get in line. You there, don't jump the queue. Quicker. Stay in line! Put it up there neatly. This won't do.>> LI JIELI: I've been on the train for over 20 hours, since yesterday afternoon. Train fares are expensive. I always take third class. I don't go back home often. I have only been back once, in the last three years.>> VOICEOVER: Like many young people in her situation, Li has suffered from the pains of transition and homesickness. But on this rare visit home she will have to confront other questions. How will she see life at home now that she's experienced independence? Will she be so relieved to be home that she won't want to go back to the factory? Or will she decide to return?>> LI JIELI: I haven't seen my brother in three or four years. He is grown up, but he doesn't have a house of his own. With us, sons mean more to the parents than girls. My mother prefers my brother to me, which hurts. You could say, I work for my brother.>> MAN: Can you take this for us? Thanks.>>TITLE: Changzhuangcun, Shaanxisheng province>> LI JIELI: Grandma!>> GRANDMA: What is the matter? Darling ... That's a long time ago.>> NEIGHBORS: Come back to the old nest?>> LI JIELI: Mum. Auntie.>> MOTHER: Easy, take it easy. Calm down. It's alright. So good to see you.>> LI JIELI: Dad.>> GRANDMOTHER: Come in.>> MOTHER: Go and wash your hands.>> LI JIELI: Where's Grandma? And there's your uncle.>> DAVID OLSON: Once I retired, we were gonna go, just travel. That was the thing we were gonna do, we were gonna travel. Well, now we stay home. And we go, you know, I mean, we go fishing, and that's about it, so.>> SIGN: Gone Fishin'>> SIGN: Proud to be an American>> SIGN: No Hunting Without Permission>> DAVID OLSON: I had 34 years, I was going for 35. Thirty-five would've gave me just about USD$2,400 a month. I could've lived. Plus the insurance, the insurance was the big thing. Your drugs, your insurance, I could go to, you know, we could've traveled, Sally and I could've traveled. What's the Travel Channel? That's 168?>> SALLY [David's wife]: I have no idea.>> DAVID OLSON: We'll try that. One-six-eight. We live comfortably enough. Well, we didn't pay anything before, in the mines. >> SALLY: Yeah.>> DAVID OLSON: That was ...>> SALLY: When he was working, our insurance was free. >> DAVID OLSON: Yeah. She can explain that a lot better than I can.>> SALLY: And we had a small deductible and we paid a co-pay on our prescriptions, you know. Now we pay hundreds of dollars a month, we have a USD$2,000 deductible a year, so we have to pay that first. And that's both of us, so that's USD$4,000: USD$2,000 apiece.>> DAVID OLSON: They can't really hurt me anymore. So, I'm gonna be on Social Security sooner or later here, in a couple of more years. Hopefully, Bush don't take that away from me, let's hope. And then, now, if something would happen to me, she only gets half my pension. >> SALLY: I don't get half your pension.>> DAVID OLSON: Well, not even half.>> SALLY: With this government takeover thing now, now I have no idea what I would get, but I'm sure it's nothing. >> LI JIELI: My shoes are covered in dust.>> FATHER: It doesn't matter.>> LI JIELI: Should I leave two of them?>> FATHER: If you don't, they don't grow.>> LI JIELI: Shall I leave the largest?>> FATHER: Makes no difference.>> LI JIELI: Leave the one in the middle?>> FATHER: It's up to you.>> LI JIELI: Can I leave more?>> FATHER: Yes, but then they don't grow well.>> LI JIELI: Did you miss me, Dad?>> FATHER: I certainly missed you.>> LI JIELI: Really? I always call you, but you hardly ever call me.>> FATHER: But I did call you.>> LI JIELI: Only once.>> FATHER: Our harvest is more than we can eat ourselves. We have enough to eat.>> LI JIELI: Food is not really the problem. But you can't earn any money. People have hardly any money here.>> FATHER: That's why Jieli left two years ago to work in the city. Maybe she was too young but we had no choice. I did not want her to leave home. She was so young, only 17, when she left. And her health was not so good. But now she is a lot better. Now she looks healthy and strong.>> DAVID OLSON: Can you imagine the water? I used to drive down there. These are Minnesota quartz. That's our beauties, that ... I got them all over the yard. There's still iron here, but it's in finer ... someday the technology will come to where they can take the rest of it right out of here. The technology will take the rest of this. And they'll use all this over again. You know, that's why these dumps are made, where they are made. Because they can always come in here and just take it and recrush them and ... So there's a ... there's a potential. It wouldn't take them long to pump that out with the pumps they have today. They could pump that, nothing to it. >> VOICEOVER: David still has faith in a system that will invent new technologies which he believes will bring prosperity back to his community. But Wayne's faith in the system has been shaken. He feels that answers lie in the bigger question of corporate responsibility.>> WAYNE PETERSON: I used to read The Wall Street Journal and Barron's Magazine, and year after year, since the '80s, I've seen companies sell such and such, moving here, moving there, and they're already exploiting the people wherever they are. And it's irresponsible. I believe that they're being exploited. Most of the time, they're not gonna have any pensions, they're not getting anything but maybe survival for the time being. out of these wealthy, international companies that could very well afford to pay them more than I'm sure they're getting paid. Short-term, Wall Street mentality. We gotta go up 30 percent a year, so we can hide 15 percent of it, buy a bunch of companies, and take the other 15 percent and show the stock holders, "Look, we grew by 15 percent." So we can hang on to them, and raise the value of the stock, and ah! Drives me nuts. But it's ... it happens. >> FATHER: This is the new home we are building.>> BROTHER: This will be my bedroom. We will put the bed there, the TV and the sofa over there. Here we can put another closet.>> LI JIELI: When I was little we all slept in the same bed.>> FATHER: This room is going to be Jieli 's room.>> FATHER: Yes, this is mine.>> FATHER: This is for Jieli. Jieli already knows where she'll put her things.>> LI JIELI: Sons will stay at home and support their parents. Girls will live with their in-laws and that's why they are less valuable to the parents.>> BROTHER: I wouldn't mind moving to Xian. My parents could live with me there.>> MOTHER: I hardly ever go to the city. I don't really like it. It's the countryside for me.>> BROTHER: The city is more interesting to live in. The countryside is a boring place to be. In town there's lots to do. You can go shopping or to the park, the entertainment center or the zoo. The countryside is boring. There's nothing to do. So boring.>> MOTHER: What's the food in the factory like?>> LI JIELI: Much better than here. You made it much too salty.>> MOTHER: Seriously? I bet it's no good over there. Do you eat enough vegetables?>> LI JIELI: It isn't really much better. It's cooked in huge quantities. Have some yourself. Too salty. Life there isn't so different from the life here. Here you're at home all day. There it's factory, dormitory, and canteen.>> DAVID OLSON: I believe in the ... there's a future up here yet. It's just in a slack time right now. >> PETE LICARI [Barber]: What're you doing now?>> DAVID OLSON: I found a job, I work at Iron Gate down here, at the retirement, it's a retirement home for elderly people. And I work for minimum wage, so ... But they're nice people. >> PETE LICARI: Well, the way these people built this area around here, and then all of a sudden they take everything out of here because they can get cheap labor. As far as bringing most people up, and bringing up the standards for all these Third World countries and all this, I believe in that. But you've gotta pay them the same kind of money, give them a decent living. You see, these people up here, in the early days were exploited, just like they're exploiting the Third World countries now. They get the labor for next to nothing and they make millions of dollars. Well, don't misunderstand this, I'm not a communist, I'm not a socialist. Might sound like it, but I'm not. It's just that this thing has to even out. There's not a difference, it's no different here than it is any other place. But that's the way these people are, and they just should be that way. But if you don't have it, you're not going to have progress. It'll come back, because it usually does. When they find they can't make it work someplace else, they'll take them back here. >> LI JIELI: I didn't get on with my brother because he was so useless. He caused my parents a lot of headaches.>> BROTHER: I have been building the house for over two months, all by myself. It's a very big house. I'm working like a donkey. And she hasn't done a thing since she came back.>> INTERVIEWER: Is that right?>> LI JIELI: It is. My mother says that he has been a great help to my father. If he hadn't come back, my father wouldn't have managed. He's behaving like a perfect son. Really. I think I will stay in this factory for another two years. By then I hope I'll have saved enough money to open a small restaurant or a shop. I'm not going to work in a factory for the rest of my life.>> VOICEOVER: Li now sees a future and has a plan. Although determined not to spend more time than necessary in the factory, she can see the possibilities of independence that working there might bring. So can her cousin.>> MEDIATOR: Do you remember me?>> LI JIELI: Of course.>> MEDIATOR: Have a seat, both of you. Weren't you here in 2002?>> LI JIELI: Yes, I left in 2002.>> MEDIATOR: Still working at Zhongda?>> LI JIELI: Yes, still there.>> MEDIATOR: Which factory are you in?>> LI JIELI: Number one.>> MEDIATOR: Do you like it?>> LI JIELI: It's all right. My cousin would like to work there, too. Do you still mediate for them?>> MEDIATOR: Yes, we're going there on Saturday. Also to Zhongda.>>LI JIELI: What would be the costs if she wanted to come with me?>> MEDIATOR: The cost of our mediation is 700 yuan [RMB], same as before. The train is now faster and costs more but we are the only agency that hasn't put the price up.>> LI JIELI: Is it only this form?>> MEDIATOR: Yes, that's all you fill in. Did she graduate from middle school?>>LI JIELI: Yes, she has a diploma. She doesn't want to go to university.>> MEDIATOR: When did she graduate?>> LI JIELI: Just this year.>> MEDIATOR: In what year were you born?>> COUSIN: 1989.>> MEDIATOR: Which month?>> COUSIN: February.>> LI JIELI: That's me!>> MEDIATOR: You only see that now? And you're right in the middle. You looked very young then. You really grew up in that time.>> VOICE [Singing]: Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl. Her name was Xiao Wei.>> TITLE: [end credits] http://www.viewchange.org/videos/unicef-hygiene-education-in-remote-mali UNICEF is piloting a new program called Community-Led Total Sanitation in the village of Fadieda, some 100 kilometers north of Bamako. It relies on community leaders, like Mr. Sho Traore, to teach people how to make major changes in their hygiene and sanitation habits. Fri, 22 Apr 2011 08:04:00 +0000 http://www.viewchange.org/videos/unicef-hygiene-education-in-remote-mali Mali, Water & Sanitation, UNICEF, Health, Community-led total sanitation, West Africa, Bamako, Latrine, Education, Kolokani >> VOICEOVER: You're watching UNICEF Television. Some 100 kilometers north of Bamako, in the heart of the rural area of Kolokani, welcome to Fadieda. Since recently, the village proudly displays a sign that says, "Clean village," at its entrance. UNICEF and its partners in the Ministry of Health selected Fadieda among 15 villages to pilot a brand new experience in West Africa: the CLTS approach, the Community-Led Total Sanitation project. Meet Mr. Sho Traore. In the village, he is in charge of leading the population towards major changes in sanitation and behavior. In this village, a few weeks ago, people were still defecating in the open air. >> SHO TRAORE [Community Leader]: Here is the place where we used to defecate. >> VOICEOVER: Open Air Defecation is a common practice in rural villages in Mali. More than 30 percent of the population still does it, causing many health issues. >> SHO TRAORE: Defecating in the open air is a problem because the areas are located very close to our houses and our families. Poo and flies are like iron and magnets. As soon as the flies smell poo, they come, and eventually end up on our food.>> VOICEOVER: If the villagers came to that conclusion, it is because UNICEF and its partners put together a brand-new approach, a demonstration that shattered everyone in the village. >> OUMOU DIARRA [Villager]: Children and adults were having stomachaches and we didn?t know what caused them. We didn?t have latrines, and when people came and put next to each other some human excrements and food, we saw flies coming and understood it was the cause of those diseases. Right away, we promised to build latrines.>> VOICEOVER: Putting together excrement and everyday food provoked a strong feeling of disgust among the villagers, and the reaction came as fast as expected. In less than a month, villagers had built not less than 40 latrines. And today, Fadieda is the first village to receive the Open Air Defecation-Free Status. >> DIARRA DIADOUBA [Social Development Technician]: Villagers themselves have committed to building the latrines. It?s their own initiative and their own strength. No external funding has been brought in.>> VOICEOVER: Thanks to this original approach and since the construction of the latrines, diarrhea cases have plummeted in the village. And the method is all the more efficient that it is the community itself that takes responsibility of its own health and sanitation. The CLTS approach is also a good way to promote other good behaviors, such as hand washing with soap. Since it started in Mali, the CLTS approach has brought results that go beyond what was expected. >> NICOLAS OSBERT [Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Manager]: We have had a really strong impact. In three months only, the coverage in latrines in the test villages went from 30 percent to 100 percent, and without any funding. This was a big surprise for us and for those who were involved. It?s very promising for the following steps in Mali.>> VOICEOVER: Villagers have built one hundred and eighteen latrines, and as many are in construction. The next step of the CLTS approach consists of sharing the message throughout neighboring villages. Here again, it will be the job of Sho Traore and other community leaders. In Fadieda, it seems the message has had a great impact on everyone, even children. This is Edward Bally reporting for UNICEF. Unite for Children.